A snapshot of the very broad portfolio of power ICs from ST Micro for offline applications is shown on this slide. The items being discussed in this tutorial have been highlighted in bold, but the image shows how many different products can be designed into an offline power supply. Not only does ST have high voltage converters, but also PFC controllers, multiple different types of offline PWM controllers, and secondary side control for closing the feedback loop or implementing supervisory functions. Lower power applications many times will be done in one stage of power conversion (without PFC), and it will be seen how the Viper series and L6566 are advantageous for designing a simple, cost effective single stage offline converter.