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Corroded connections between a power source and load can also lead to abrupt current interruptions. The best example of such a condition is an automotive load dump which is caused by a sudden break in the battery connection brought about by vibration and corroded terminals. Load dump produces a voltage surge that stays elevated for hundreds of milliseconds. The amplitude of the transient, according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), may be as high as 125V. A typical load dump profile is shown in the figure. It has a rise time of 5ms and decays exponentially with a time constant of 200ms. Industrial systems also experience similar events caused by regeneration in solenoids and motors. The most common way of protecting electronics from voltage spikes combines a series iron core inductor and high value electrolytic bypass capacitor, augmented by a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and a fuse. The bulky inductor and capacitor take up valuable board space and are often the tallest components in the system. Even with all this protection, supply voltage excursions are still high enough to warrant the use of expensive high-voltage rated components for downstream DC/DC converters and linear regulators.
