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In automotive, avionic, and industrial applications, high voltage power supply spikes with durations ranging from a few microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds are commonly encountered. The electronics within these systems must not only survive transient voltage spikes, but in many cases also operate reliably throughout the event. Inadequate protection from high voltage transients leads to degraded performance or failure and costly replacement. When power is distributed over long wires, severe transients called load steps can be generated by abrupt changes in the load current. Of particular interest are negative load steps, where the load current drops from a high value to a low value. Negative dI/dt values cause the wire's parasitic inductance to generate a positive-going voltage spike which can cause damage to neighboring devices powered from the same wire. Especially high values of dI/dt are produced by fast load switching devices such as relays, switch contacts, and semiconductor switching devices.
