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The main questions engineers have when designing disinfection systems are: How many LEDs are needed? What is the distance between the LED and the surface? What is the required exposure time for disinfection? What area is disinfected? In order to answer these questions, it is possible to perform an optical simulation before building and measuring a prototype. The exposure time is the time the LEDs are on and exposing the surface. An exposure time multiplied by irradiance gives a radiant exposure in Joule per square meter. The radiant exposure is the important measure for disinfection. Different germs have different D90 doses, which is defined as the energy per area needed to inactivate 90% of a specific germ. An exemplary germ with a D90 dose of 18 Joules per square meter is inactivated by 90% on that surface where the radiant exposure is 18 Joules per square meter. For a better disinfection result, a higher radiant exposure is needed. For example, for 99.99% inactivation of the same germ, a four times higher radiant exposure is needed.
