Arduino 的 A000066 规格书

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ARDUINO zazaan'i 3:- 060 Annuxla

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ARDUINOUNOREV3

Code:A000066

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TheUNOisthebestboardtogetstartedwithelectronicsand

coding.Ifthisisyourfirstexperiencetinkeringwiththeplatform,

theUNOisthemostrobustboardyoucanstartplayingwith.The

UNOisthemostusedanddocumentedboardofthewholeArduino

family.

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 ArduinoUnoisamicrocontrollerboardbasedontheATmega328P(datasheet).It

has14digitalinput/outputpins(ofwhich6canbeusedasPWMoutputs),6analog

inputs,a16MHzquartzcrystal,aUSBconnection,apowerjack,anICSPheader

andaresetbutton.Itcontainseverythingneededtosupportthemicrocontroller;

simplyconnectittoacomputerwithaUSBcableorpoweritwithaAC‐to‐DC

adapterorbatterytogetstarted..YoucantinkerwithyourUNOwithoutworring

toomuchaboutdoingsomethingwrong,worstcasescenarioyoucanreplacethe

chipforafewdollarsandstartoveragain.

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"Uno"meansoneinItalianandwaschosentomarkthereleaseofArduino

Software(IDE)1.0.TheUnoboardandversion1.0ofArduinoSoftware(IDE)were

thereferenceversionsofArduino,nowevolvedtonewerreleases.TheUnoboard

isthefirstinaseriesofUSBArduinoboards,andthereferencemodelforthe

Arduinoplatform;foranextensivelistofcurrent,pastoroutdatedboardsseethe

Arduinoindexofboards.

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Youcanfindhereyourboardwarrantyinformations.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/warranty

GettingStarted

YoucanfindintheGettingStartedsectionalltheinformationyouneedto

configureyourboard,usetheArduinoSoftware(IDE),andstarttinkerwithcoding

andelectronics.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

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TECHSPECS

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MicrocontrollerATmega328P

OperatingVoltage5V

InputVoltage(recommended)7‐12V

InputVoltage(limit)6‐20V

DigitalI/OPins14(ofwhich6providePWMoutput)

PWMDigitalI/OPins6

AnalogInputPins6

DCCurrentperI/OPin20mA

DCCurrentfor3.3VPin50mA

FlashMemory32KB(ATmega328P)ofwhich0.5KBusedbybootloader

SRAM2KB(ATmega328P)

EEPROM1KB(ATmega328P)

ClockSpeed16MHz

LED_BUILTIN13

Length68.6mm

Width53.4mm

Weight25g

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 OSH:Schematics

ArduinoUnoisopen‐sourcehardware!Youcanbuildyourownboardusingthe

followingfiles:

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EAGLEFILESIN.ZIP

https://www.arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3‐02‐TH.zip

SCHEMATICSIN.PDF

https://www.arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3‐schematic.pdf

BOARDSIZEIN.DXF

http://arduino.cc/documents/ArduinoUno.dxf

Programming

TheArduinoUnocanbeprogrammedwiththe(ArduinoSoftware(IDE)).Select

"Arduino/GenuinoUnofromtheTools>Boardmenu(accordingtothe

microcontrolleronyourboard).Fordetails,seethereferenceandtutorials.

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TheATmega328ontheArduinoUnocomespreprogrammedwithabootloaderthat

allowsyoutouploadnewcodetoitwithouttheuseofanexternalhardware

programmer.ItcommunicatesusingtheoriginalSTK500protocol(reference,C

headerfiles).

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Youcanalsobypassthebootloaderandprogramthemicrocontrollerthroughthe

ICSP(In‐CircuitSerialProgramming)headerusingArduinoISPorsimilar;seethese

instructionsfordetails.

TheATmega16U2(or8U2intherev1andrev2boards)firmwaresourcecodeis

availableintheArduinorepository.TheATmega16U2/8U2isloadedwithaDFU

bootloader,whichcanbeactivatedby:

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 OnRev1boards:connectingthesolderjumperonthebackoftheboard(nearthemapof

Italy)andthenreseingthe8U2.

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 OnRev2orlaterboards:thereisaresistorthatpullingthe8U2/16U2HWBlineto

ground,makingiteasiertoputintoDFUmode.

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YoucanthenuseAtmel'sFLIPsoftware(Windows)ortheDFUprogrammer(Mac

OSXandLinux)toloadanewfirmware.OryoucanusetheISPheaderwithan

externalprogrammer(overwritingtheDFUbootloader).Seethisuser‐contributed

tutorialformoreinformation.

Warnings

TheArduinoUnohasaresettablepolyfusethatprotectsyourcomputer'sUSBports

fromshortsandovercurrent.Althoughmostcomputersprovidetheirowninternal

protection,thefuseprovidesanextralayerofprotection.Ifmorethan500mAis

appliedtotheUSBport,thefusewillautomaticallybreaktheconnectionuntilthe

shortoroverloadisremoved.

Differenceswithotherboards

TheUnodiffersfromallprecedingboardsinthatitdoesnotusetheFTDIUSB‐to‐

serialdriverchip.Instead,itfeaturestheAtmega16U2(Atmega8U2uptoversion

R2)programmedasaUSB‐to‐serialconverter.

Power

TheArduinoUnoboardcanbepoweredviatheUSBconnectionorwithanexternal

powersupply.Thepowersourceisselectedautomatically.

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External(non‐USB)powercancomeeitherfromanAC‐to‐DCadapter(wall‐wart)or

battery.Theadaptercanbeconnectedbyplugginga2.1mmcenter‐positiveplug

intotheboard'spowerjack.LeadsfromabatterycanbeinsertedintheGNDand

VinpinheadersofthePOWERconnector.

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Theboardcanoperateonanexternalsupplyfrom6to20volts.Ifsuppliedwith

lessthan7V,however,the5Vpinmaysupplylessthanfivevoltsandtheboard

maybecomeunstable.Ifusingmorethan12V,thevoltageregulatormayoverheat

anddamagetheboard.Therecommendedrangeis7to12volts.

Thepowerpinsareasfollows:

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 Vin.TheinputvoltagetotheArduino/Genuinoboardwhenit'susinganexternalpower

source(asopposedto5voltsfromtheUSBconnectionorotherregulatedpowersource).

Youcansupplyvoltagethroughthispin,or,ifsupplyingvoltageviathepowerjack,

accessitthroughthispin.

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 5V.Thispinoutputsaregulated5Vfromtheregulatorontheboard.Theboardcanbe

suppliedwithpowereitherfromtheDCpowerjack(7‐12V),theUSBconnector(5V),or

theVINpinoftheboard(7‐12V).Supplyingvoltageviathe5Vor3.3Vpinsbypassesthe

regulator,andcandamageyourboard.Wedon'tadviseit.

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 3V3.A3.3voltsupplygeneratedbytheon‐boardregulator.Maximumcurrentdrawis50

mA.

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 GND.Groundpins.

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 IOREF.ThispinontheArduino/Genuinoboardprovidesthevoltagereferencewithwhich

themicrocontrolleroperates.AproperlyconfiguredshieldcanreadtheIOREFpinvoltage

andselecttheappropriatepowersourceorenablevoltagetranslatorsontheoutputsto

workwiththe5Vor3.3V.

Memory

TheATmega328has32KB(with0.5KBoccupiedbythebootloader).Italsohas2

KBofSRAMand1KBofEEPROM(whichcanbereadandwrittenwiththeEEPROM

library).

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/EEPROM

InputandOutput

SeethemappingbetweenArduinopinsandATmega328Pports.Themappingfor

theAtmega8,168,and328isidentical.

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PINMAPPINGATmega328P

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168

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Eachofthe14digitalpinsontheUnocanbeusedasaninputoroutput,

usingpinMode()https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/PinMode,

digitalWrite()https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalWrite,

anddigitalRead()https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalReadfunctions.

Theyoperateat5volts.Eachpincanprovideorreceive20mAasrecommended

operatingconditionandhasaninternalpull‐upresistor(disconnectedbydefault)

of20‐50kohm.Amaximumof40mAisthevaluethatmustnotbeexceededonany

I/Opintoavoidpermanentdamagetothemicrocontroller.

Inaddition,somepinshavespecializedfunctions:

 Serial:0(RX)and1(TX).Usedtoreceive(RX)andtransmit(TX)TTLserialdata.These

pinsareconnectedtothecorrespondingpinsoftheATmega8U2USB‐to‐TTLSerialchip.

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 ExternalInterrupts:2and3.Thesepinscanbeconfiguredtotriggeraninterruptonalow

value,arisingorfallingedge,orachangeinvalue.SeetheattachInterrupt()functionfor

details.



 PWM:3,5,6,9,10,and11.Provide8‐bitPWMoutputwiththeanalogWrite()function.



 SPI:10(SS),11(MOSI),12(MISO),13(SCK).ThesepinssupportSPIcommunicationusing

theSPIlibrary.



 LED:13.Thereisabuilt‐inLEDdrivenbydigitalpin13.WhenthepinisHIGHvalue,the

LEDison,whenthepinisLOW,it'soff.



 TWI:A4orSDApinandA5orSCLpin.SupportTWIcommunicationusingtheWirelibrary.



TheUnohas6analoginputs,labeledA0throughA5,eachofwhichprovide10bits

ofresolution(i.e.1024differentvalues).Bydefaulttheymeasurefromgroundto5

volts,thoughisitpossibletochangetheupperendoftheirrangeusingtheAREF

pinandtheanalogReference()function.Thereareacoupleofotherpinsonthe

board:



 AREF.Referencevoltagefortheanaloginputs.UsedwithanalogReference().



 Reset.BringthislineLOWtoresetthemicrocontroller.Typicallyusedtoaddareset

buttontoshieldswhichblocktheoneontheboard.

Communication

Arduino/GenuinoUnohasanumberoffacilitiesforcommunicatingwitha

computer,anotherArduino/Genuinoboard,orothermicrocontrollers.The

ATmega328providesUARTTTL(5V)serialcommunication,whichisavailableon

digitalpins0(RX)and1(TX).AnATmega16U2ontheboardchannelsthisserial

communicationoverUSBandappearsasavirtualcomporttosoftwareonthe

computer.The16U2firmwareusesthestandardUSBCOMdrivers,andnoexternal

driverisneeded.However,onWindows,a.inffileisrequired.TheArduino

Software(IDE)includesaserialmonitorwhichallowssimpletextualdatatobe

senttoandfromtheboard.TheRXandTXLEDsontheboardwillflashwhendata

isbeingtransmittedviatheUSB‐to‐serialchipandUSBconnectiontothecomputer

(butnotforserialcommunicationonpins0and1).



ASoftwareSeriallibraryallowsserialcommunicationonanyoftheUno'sdigital

pins.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerial



TheATmega328alsosupportsI2C(TWI)andSPIcommunication.TheArduino

Software(IDE)includesaWirelibrarytosimplifyuseoftheI2Cbus;see

thedocumentationfordetails.ForSPIcommunication,usetheSPIlibrary.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wire

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPI

Automatic(Software)Reset

Ratherthanrequiringaphysicalpressoftheresetbuttonbeforeanupload,the

Arduino/GenuinoUnoboardisdesignedinawaythatallowsittoberesetby

softwarerunningonaconnectedcomputer.Oneofthehardwareflowcontrollines

(DTR)oftheATmega8U2/16U2isconnectedtotheresetlineoftheATmega328via

a100nanofaradcapacitor.Whenthislineisasserted(takenlow),theresetline

dropslongenoughtoresetthechip.TheArduinoSoftware(IDE)usesthis

capabilitytoallowyoutouploadcodebysimplypressingtheuploadbuttoninthe

interfacetoolbar.Thismeansthatthebootloadercanhaveashortertimeout,as

theloweringofDTRcanbewell‐coordinatedwiththestartoftheupload.



Thissetuphasotherimplications.WhentheUnoisconnectedtoeitheracomputer

runningMacOSXorLinux,itresetseachtimeaconnectionismadetoitfrom

software(viaUSB).Forthefollowinghalf‐secondorso,thebootloaderisrunning

ontheUno.Whileitisprogrammedtoignoremalformeddata(i.e.anything

besidesanuploadofnewcode),itwillinterceptthefirstfewbytesofdatasentto

theboardafteraconnectionisopened.Ifasketchrunningontheboardreceives

one‐timeconfigurationorotherdatawhenitfirststarts,makesurethatthe

softwarewithwhichitcommunicateswaitsasecondafteropeningtheconnection

andbeforesendingthisdata.



TheUnoboardcontainsatracethatcanbecuttodisabletheauto‐reset.Thepads

oneithersideofthetracecanbesolderedtogethertore‐enableit.It'slabeled

"RESET‐EN".Youmayalsobeabletodisabletheauto‐resetbyconnectinga110

ohmresistorfrom5Vtotheresetline;seethisforumthreadfordetails.

Revisions

Revision3oftheboardhasthefollowingnewfeatures:



 1.0pinout:addedSDAandSCLpinsthatareneartotheAREFpinandtwoothernewpins

placedneartotheRESETpin,theIOREFthatallowtheshieldstoadapttothevoltage

providedfromtheboard.Infuture,shieldswillbecompatiblewithboththeboardthat

usestheAVR,whichoperateswith5VandwiththeArduinoDuethatoperateswith3.3V.

Thesecondoneisanotconnectedpin,thatisreservedforfuturepurposes.



 StrongerRESETcircuit.



 Atmega16U2replacethe8U2.



https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino‐uno‐rev312‐8‐17

Arduino 的 A000066 规格书

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