3M 的 Hard Hats 101 Brochure 规格书

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Technical Bulletin
3M™ Head Protection: Hard Hats 101
Description
This document provides basic information on hard hat use, testing and standards compliance. In all cases, a risk/hazard
assessment should be carried out and use limitations considered to ascertain the protection required.
The main function and purpose for wearing a protective hard hat are to:
1) Help protect workers from head trauma due to small objects.
2) Help prevent force from transmitting down the spine if an impact from above occurs.
3) Help reduce the dangers of contact with low level electrical shock (applies only to hard hats that meet ANSI/ISEA
Z89.1-2014 Type I, Class G and E).
How does the hard hat protect workers from each hazard?
Typical applications for hard hats, when used with other appropriate PPE, include:
• Construction work
• Heavy and light industrial
• Petrochemical
• Mining
• Road Construction
• Forestry
• Utilities
Hazard Main Aspects of Hard Hat that Help Provide Protection
Head trauma from small objects Hard outer shell usually made from HDPE (High-Density
Polyethylene), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) or other
Thermoplastic material.
Helps absorb impact that normally would be transmitted Inner suspension that is attached to the shell reduces forces that
would otherwise be transmitted to the head and spine.
Low level electrical shock Hard outer shell. The homogeneous material insulates against low
level electrical shock. Not all hard hats provide electrical
protection. Always review the hard hat user instructions and
warnings to evaluate electrical protection.
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3M Personal Safety Division
In all cases a risk/hazard assessment should be carried out and use limitations considered to ascertain the protection required.
Key Compliance Standards
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014
Overview Establishes the minimum performance requirements for
protective helmets that reduce the forces of impact and
penetration and that may provide protection from electrical shock.
Impact Type •Type I: Intended to reduce force of impact from blow
to top of the head
• Type II: Intended to reduce force of impact from blow
to top or sides of the head
Electrical Classes Class C (Conductive)
• Not intended to provide protection against contact
with electrical hazards
Class G (General)
• Reduce the danger of contact with low voltage
conductors
• Proof-tested at 2,200 volts
Class E (Electrical)
• Reduce the danger of contact with higher voltage
conductors
• Proof-tested at 20,000 volts
Test Compliance to the ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 Standard means...
Force Transmission Helmets shall not transmit a force to the test head form that
exceeds 4450 N (1000 lbf). Maximum transmitted force of each
individual test sample shall be averaged. The averaged values shall
not exceed 3780 N (850 lbf).
Apex Penetration The penetrator shall not make contact with the top of the head
form.
Flammability No flame shall be visible 5 seconds after removal of the test flame.
Class C Class C helmets are not tested for electrical insulation.
Class G (Electrical) Shall withstand 2200 V (root mean square), AC, 60 Hertz, for 1
minute. Leakage shall not exceed 3 mA.
Class E (Electrical) Must first pass the Force Transmission Test. Shall withstand
20,000 V (root mean square), AC, 60 Hertz, for 3 minutes.
Leakage shall not exceed 9 mA. At 30,000 volts, the test sample
shall not burn through.
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3M Personal Safety Division
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 Test Guidelines
• Total number of hats for protocol: 36
• All testing shall be performed at room temperature 23 °C (73.4 °F)
• "Hot" test samples shall be placed in forced air circulating oven maintained at 49 °C (120 °F) for at least two hours.
• "Cold" test samples shall be placed in an environmental chamber maintained at 18 °C (0 °F) for at least two hours.
• "Higher Temperature" test samples shall be placed in a forced air circulating over maintained at 60 °C (140 °F) for at
least four hours.
• "Lower Temperature" test samples shall be placed in an environmental chamber maintained at a temperature of -30 °C
(-22 °F) for at least four hours.
• All hot, cold and low-temperature samples shall be tested for impact and penetration within 30 seconds after removal
from the conditioned environment.
Test Type Summary of ANSI/ISEA Hard Hat Testing Guidelines
Force Transmission (Individual tests/Average) • Impactor shall have a mass or 3.64 kg (8 lbs)
• Striking face of impactor shall be spherical with radius
of 48 mm (1.9 in)
• Impactor shall remain rigid upon impact
• Impactor shall be dropped from a height that yields an
impact velocity of 18 ft/s (12.2 mph)
Apex Penetration (Pass/Fail) • Penetrator shall have a mass of 1 kg (2.32 lbs), with a
steel tip, a 60° included angle and a spherical tip
radius of 0.25 mm (0.010 in).
• Penetrator shall remain rigid upon impact.
• Penetrator shall be guided and electrically insulated
from metal head form.
• Penetrator shall be dropped from a height that yields
an impact velocity of 7 m/s (23 ft/s)
Flammability (Pass/Fail) • Bunsen burner is adjusted to produce a 50 mm (2.0 in)
blue flame with an inner cone of 25 mm (1.0 in).
• The temperature of the flame at the tip of the inner
cone shall be 800-900 °C (1472 - 1652 °F).
• The flame shall be applied so the inner cone is within
2 mm (0.08 in) from the helmet surface. The flame is
applied for 5 seconds.
•The sample is inspected for any visible flame, 5
seconds after removal of the test flame.
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3M Personal Safety Division
Replacement Recommendations
Hard hat should be immediately replaced if subjected to impact. 3M recommends the wearer replace the hard hat
suspension at least every twelve months and the hard hat shell at least within five years depending on work
environment. Inspect the hard hat, including the suspension and shell, prior to each use. Replace at first sign of wear. Refer to
user instructions for proper installation and replacement of the suspension.
Hard Hat Inspection
A hard hat shell should be inspected prior to each use. Immediately replace the hard hat if any sign of wear appears or if there
is any evidence of damage, abuse or plastic degradation as this may be a sign that protection is reduced. Any hard hat that
shows signs of worn or damaged parts should be removed from service immediately and replaced.
Workers in environments with higher levels of exposure to sunlight, heat, cold or chemicals should replace their hard hats more
frequently than workers in other environments. If the hard hat shell becomes faded in color, exhibits a chalky appearance, or
feels stiff and brittle, degradation of the shell may be occurring. A hard hat should be replaced immediately at the first sign of
any of these conditions.
Hard hat suspensions should also be inspected closely for cracks, frayed straps or other signs of wear. Any suspension that is
damaged must be removed from service and replaced immediately. It is recommended to replace the entire suspension
system at least every 12 months.
Optional Testing Requirements for ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014
Requirement Test Designation on Warning Label
Reverse Wearing Pass the force transmission test when
mounted in the reveres position on the
test head form.
Lower Temperature Test samples placed in environmental
chamber maintained at -30 °C (-22 °F)
for at least four hours and then tested to
the impact and penetration test
requirements.
LT
Higher Temperature Test samples placed in a forced air
circulating oven maintained at 60 °C
(140 °F) for at least four hours.
HT
High-Visibility Hard hat demonstrates chromaticity that
lies within one of the areas defined
within Table 1 of the ANSI/ISEA
Z89.1-2014 standard. (Fluorescent
yellow-green, Fluorescent orange-red,
Fluorescent red)
HV
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3M Personal Safety Division
Maintenance and Storage
Clean the hard hat and suspension with mild soap and water. Rinse and wipe dry. Do not use paints, solvents, chemicals, adhe-
sives, gasoline or like substances on this hard hat. Store the hard hat away from direct sunlight, including on the dashboard of
a vehicle.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. When should head protection be provided to workers?
A. When there is potential for:
1) Objects fall from above
2) Contact with fixed objects (exposed beams, pipes, etc.)
3) Contact with exposed electrical conductors
Q. How does a hard hat help protect the worker?
A. It helps protect workers in the following main ways:
1) Resists and deflects blows to the head
2) Reduces shock to help protect the neck and spine
3) Can help insulate against electrical shock from contact (Applies only hard hats that meet ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 Type
I, Class G and E.)
Q. Is a hard hat compliant if worn backwards by the worker?
A. Only if the hard hat was tested to the standard with the suspension in the reverse position and the hard hat is marked with
the "reverse donning" symbol.
Q. What factors can damage a hard hat?
A. All of the following (but not limited to):
1) Impact to the hard hat
2) UV exposure
3) Chemical exposure
4) Abuse
5) Care and Maintenance
Always read and follow the User Instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Q. How often should a hard hat be replaced?
A. Under any of the following circumstances:
1) Immediately if a blow to the hard hat occurs
2) Shell - recommended to replace within 5 years dependent on environment and use
3) Suspension - recommended to replace at least every 12 months dependent on environment and use
There is currently no official standard or regulatory requirement for replacing a hard hat or suspension - only recommenda-
tions.
3M Personal Safety Division
Q. What about stickers and painting the hard hat shell?
A. Pressure sensitive, non-metallic stickers or tape with self-adhesive backing are acceptable on most of today’s hard
hats.However there are some general guidelines to follow – do not use stickers to cover up hard hat damage and place stickers
at least ½ inch from the helmets edge. Hard hat shells should not be painted unless you receive specific approval by the manu-
facturer.
Additional Hard Hat Warnings
• Hard hats are designed to provide limited head protection from small falling objects striking the top of the hard hat.
• Type 1 hard hats are not designed to provide front, side or rear impact protection.
• Hard hat must fit securely on the head and the suspension must be adjusted to a snug fit.
• Never alter, puncture, modify or engrave the shell or the suspension of a hard hat.
• Inspect your hart hat shell and suspension frequently. Check for cracks, frayed straps and any sign of damage before
every use. Replace the hard hat immediately if you notice any signs of wear, damage, abuse or degradation.
• If the hard hat has sustained an impact, dispose of it immediately, even if damage is not visible.
• Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight will degrade the hard hat shell. Do not store in direct sunlight (including on car
dashboards) when not in use.
• Do not use paints, solvents, chemicals, adhesives, gasoline or like substances on this hard hat. These materials can cause
deterioration to the shell's ability to withstand impact and penetration.
• Do not store objects between the suspension and the shell of a hard hat.
For More Information
Technical Assistance: 1-800-243-4630
Customer Care Center: 1-800-328-1667
Website: 3M.com/WorkerSafety
!
WARNING: 3M™ Hard Hat H-700 Series and 3M™ Hard Hat H-800 Series provide limited protection only. Misuse or failure
to follow warnings and User Instructions may result in serious personal injury or death. For correct use and selec-
tion, consult Supervisor, User Instructions or call 3M Technical Service in the USA at 800-243-4630. In Canada,
call Technical Service at 800-267-4414.
Personal Safety Division
3M Center, Building 235-2W-70
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
3M PSD products are
occupational use only.
© 3M 2018. All rights reserved.
3M is a trademark of 3M Company and affiliates.
Used under license in Canada. All other trademarks
are property of their respective owners.
Please recycle. October, 2018
In United States of America
Technical Service: 1-800-243-4630
1-800-328-1667
1-800-267-4414
1-800-364-3577
Customer Service:
3M.com/workersafety
In Canada
Technical Service:
Customer Service:
3M.ca/Safety