PIC18F87J10 Family Data Sheet Datasheet by Microchip Technology

6‘ MICROCHIP

PIC18F87J10 Family

Data Sheet

64/80-Pin, High-Performance

1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers

with nanoWatt Technology

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Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified

logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code

Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,

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Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:

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• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the

intended manner and under normal conditions.

• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our

knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data

Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not

mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our

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and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures

are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping

devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and

analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design

and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

Q ‘MICFIOCHIP

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Special Microcontroller Features:

• Operating Voltage Range: 2.0V to 3.6V

• 5.5V Tolerant Input (digital pins only)

• On-Chip 2.5V Regulator

• Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS Flash Technology

• C Compiler Optimized Architecture:

- Optional extended instruction set designed to

optimize re-entrant code

• Priority Levels for Interrupts

• 8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier

• Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):

- Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s

• Single-Supply In-Circuit Serial Programming™

(ICSP™) via Two Pins

• In-Circuit Debug (ICD) with Three Break points via

Two Pins

• Power-Managed modes:

- Run: CPU on, peripherals on

- Idle: CPU off, peripherals on

- Sleep: CPU off, peripherals off

• Flash Program Memory:

- 1000 erase/write cycle endurance typical

- 20 year retention minimum

- Self-write capability during normal operation

Flexible Oscillator Structure:

• Two Crystal modes, up to 40 MHz

• 4x Phase Lock Loop (PLL)

• Two External Clock modes, up to 40 MHz

• Internal 31 kHz Oscillator

• Secondary Oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz

• Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up

• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:

- Allows for safe shutdown if peripheral clock stops

Peripheral Highlights:

• High-Current Sink/Source 25 mA/25 mA

(PORTB and PORTC)

• Four Programmable External Interrupts

• Four Input Change Interrupts

• Two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules

• Three Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)

modules:

- One, two or four PWM outputs

- Selectable polarity

- Programmable dead time

- Auto-shutdown and auto-restart

• Two Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP)

modules Supporting 3-Wire SPI (all 4 modes) and

I2C™ Master and Slave modes

• Two Enhanced Addressable USART modules:

- Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN/2602

- Auto-wake-up on Start bit

- Auto-Baud Detect (ABD)

• 10-Bit, up to 15-Channel Analog-to-Digital

Converter module (A/D):

- Auto-acquisition capability

- Conversion available during Sleep

- Self-calibration feature

• Dual Analog Comparators with Input Multiplexing

External Memory Bus

(PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 only):

• Address Capability of up to 2 Mbytes

• 8-Bit or 16-Bit Interface

• 12-Bit, 16-Bit and 20-Bit Addressing modes

64/80-Pin, High-Performance, 1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers

with nanoWatt Technology

a g: :3::::::::::::::

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Pin Diagrams

Device

Program Memory

SRAM Data

Memory

(bytes)

I/O 10-Bit

A/D (ch)

CCP/

ECCP

(PWM)

MSSP

EUSART

Comparators

Timers

8/16-Bit

External Bus

Flash

(bytes)

# Single-Word

Instructions SPI Master

I2C™

PIC18F65J10 32K 16384 2048 50 11 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N

PIC18F65J15 48K 24576 2048 50 11 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N

PIC18F66J10 64K 32768 2048 50 11 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N

PIC18F66J15 96K 49152 3936 50 11 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N

PIC18F67J10 128K 65536 3936 50 11 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N

PIC18F85J10 32K 16384 2048 66 15 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y

PIC18F85J15 48K 24576 2048 66 15 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y

PIC18F86J10 64K 32768 2048 66 15 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y

PIC18F86J15 96K 49152 3936 66 15 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y

PIC18F87J10 128K 65536 3936 66 15 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y

64-Pin TQFP

PIC18F6XJ10

RE2/CS/P2B

RE3/P3C

RE4/P3B

RE5/P1C

RE6/P1B

RE7/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)

RD0/PSP0

VDD

VSS

RD1/PSP1

RD2/PSP2

RD3/PSP3

RD4/PSP4/SDO2

RD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2

RD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2

RD7/PSP7/SS2

RE1/WR/P2C

RE0/RD/P2D

RG0/ECCP3/P3A

RG1/TX2/CK2

RG2/RX2/DT2

RG3/CCP4/P3D

MCLR

RG4/CCP5/P1D

VSS

VDDCORE/VCAP

RF7/SS1

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/CVREF

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

RF2/AN7/C1OUT

RB0/INT0/FLT0

RB1/INT1

RB2/INT2

RB3/INT3

RB4/KBI0

RB5/KBI1

RB6/KBI2/PGC

VSS

OSC2/CLKO

OSC1/CLKI

VDD

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RC4/SDI1/SDA1

RC3/SCK1/SCL1

RC2/ECCP1/P1A

ENVREG

RF1/AN6/C2OUT

AVDD

AVSS

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

VSS

VDD

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4

RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC7/RX1/DT1

RC6/TX1/CK1

RC5/SDO1

Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the setting of the CCP2MX Configuration bit.

PIC18F6XJ15

Pins are up to 5.5V tolerant

7/552 J2/WRL JBIWRH W 3/? MCLR 6/5

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Pin Diagrams (Continued)

80-Pin TQFP

PIC18F8XJ10

RE2/AD10/CS/P2B

RE3/AD11/P3C(2)

RE4/AD12/P3B(2)

RE5/AD13/P1C(2)

RE6/AD14/P1B(2)

RE7/AD15/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)

RD0/AD0/PSP0

VDD

VSS

RD1/AD1/PSP1

RD2/AD2/PSP2

RD3/AD3/PSP3

RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2

RD5/AD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2

RD6/AD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2

RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2

RE1/AD9/WR/P2C

RE0/AD8/RD/P2D

RG0/ECCP3/P3A

RG1/TX2/CK2

RG2/RX2/DT2

RG3/CCP4/P3D

MCLR

RG4/CCP5/P1D

VSS

VDDCORE/VCAP

RF7/SS1

RB0/INT0/FLT0

RB1/INT1

RB2/INT2

RB3/INT3/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)

RB4/KBI0

RB5/KBI1

RB6/KBI2/PGC

VSS

OSC2/CLKO

OSC1/CLKI

VDD

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RC4/SDI1/SDA1

RC3/SCK1/SCL1

RC2/ECCP1/P1A

ENVREG

RF1/AN6/C2OUT

AVDD

AVSS

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

VSS

VDD

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/AN4

RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC7/RX1/DT1

RC6/TX1/CK1

RC5/SDO1

RJ0/ALE

RJ1/OE

RH1/A17

RH0/A16

RH2/A18

RH3/A19

RH7/AN15/P1B(2)

RH6/AN14/P1C(2)

RH5/AN13/P3B(2)

RH4/AN12/P3C(2)

RJ5/CE

RJ4/BA0

RJ7/UB

RJ6/LB

RJ2/WRL

RJ3/WRH

Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the setting of the CCP2MX Configuration bit and the program memory mode.

2: P1B, P1C, P3B and P3C pin placement depends on the setting of the ECCPMX Configuration bit.

RF5/AN10/CVREF

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

RF2/AN7/C1OUT

RF6/AN11

PIC18F8XJ15

Pins are up to 5.5V tolerant

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Table of Contents

1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.0 Guidelines for Getting Started with PIC18FJ Microcontrollers ................................................................................................... 27

3.0 Oscillator Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 31

4.0 Power-Managed Modes ............................................................................................................................................................. 39

5.0 Reset .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

6.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 59

7.0 Flash Program Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 85

8.0 External Memory Bus ................................................................................................................................................................. 95

9.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier.......................................................................................................................................................... 107

10.0 Interrupts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 109

11.0 I/O Ports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 125

12.0 Timer0 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 151

13.0 Timer1 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 155

14.0 Timer2 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 161

15.0 Timer3 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 163

16.0 Timer4 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 167

17.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Modules ................................................................................................................................. 169

18.0 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Module................................................................................................................ 177

19.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 193

20.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) ............................................................... 239

21.0 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ..................................................................................................................... 261

22.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................. 271

23.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module ................................................................................................................................... 277

24.0 Special Features of the CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 281

25.0 Instruction Set Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 293

26.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 343

27.0 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................................... 347

28.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 385

Appendix A: Migration Between High-End Device Families............................................................................................................... 391

Appendix B: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................. 393

Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 395

The Microchip Web Site..................................................................................................................................................................... 405

Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 405

Customer Support .............................................................................................................................................................................. 405

Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 406

Product Identification System............................................................................................................................................................. 407

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Customer Notification System

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW

This document contains device specific information for

the following devices:

This family introduces a new line of low-voltage devices

with the main traditional advantage of all PIC18 micro-

controllers – namely, high computational performance

and a rich feature set – at an extremely competitive

price point. These features make the PIC18F87J10

family a logical choice for many high-performance

applications where cost is a primary consideration.

1.1 Core Features

1.1.1 nanoWatt TECHNOLOGY

All of the devices in the PIC18F87J10 family incorporate

a range of features that can significantly reduce power

consumption during operation. Key items include:

•Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller

from the Timer1 source or the internal RC oscilla-

tor, power consumption during code execution

can be reduced by as much as 90%.

•Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run

with its CPU core disabled but the peripherals still

active. In these states, power consumption can be

reduced even further, to as little as 4% of normal

operation requirements.

•On-the-Fly Mode Switching: The

power-managed modes are invoked by user code

during operation, allowing the user to incorporate

power-saving ideas into their application’s

software design.

1.1.2 OSCILLATOR OPTIONS AND

FEATURES

All of the devices in the PIC18F87J10 family offer five

different oscillator options, allowing users a range of

choices in developing application hardware. These

include:

• Two Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramic

resonators.

• Two External Clock modes, offering the option of

a divide-by-4 clock output.

• A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier,

available to the external oscillator modes which

allows clock speeds of up to 40 MHz.

• An internal RC oscillator with a fixed 31-kHz

output which provides an extremely low-power

option for timing-insensitive applications.

The internal oscillator block provides a stable reference

source that gives the family additional features for

robust operation:

•Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly

monitors the main clock source against a reference

signal provided by the internal oscillator. If a clock

failure occurs, the controller is switched to the

internal oscillator, allowing for continued low-speed

operation or a safe application shutdown.

•Two-Speed Start-up: This option allows the

internal oscillator to serve as the clock source

from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep

mode, until the primary clock source is available.

1.1.3 EXPANDED MEMORY

The PIC18F87J10 family provides ample room for

application code, from 32 Kbytes to 128 Kbytes of code

space. The Flash cells for program memory are rated

to last up to 100 erase/write cycles. The PIC18F87J10

family also provides plenty of room for dynamic

application data, with up to 3936 bytes of data RAM.

1.1.4 EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS

In the unlikely event that 128 Kbytes of memory are

inadequate for an application, the 80-pin members of

the PIC18F87J10 family also implement an external

memory bus. This allows the controller’s internal

program counter to address a memory space of up to

2 Mbytes, permitting a level of data access that few

8-bit devices can claim. This allows additional memory

options, including:

• Using combinations of on-chip and external

memory up to the 2-Mbyte limit

• Using external Flash memory for reprogrammable

application code or large data tables

• Using external RAM devices for storing large

amounts of variable data

1.1.5 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET

The PIC18F87J10 family implements the optional

extension to the PIC18 instruction set, adding 8 new

instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode.

Enabled as a device configuration option, the extension

has been specifically designed to optimize re-entrant

application code originally developed in high-level

languages, such as ‘C’.

• PIC18F65J10 • PIC18F85J10

• PIC18F65J15 • PIC18F85J15

• PIC18F66J10 • PIC18F86J10

• PIC18F66J15 • PIC18F86J15

• PIC18F67J10 • PIC18F87J10

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

1.1.6 EASY MIGRATION

Regardless of the memory size, all devices share the

same rich set of peripherals, allowing for a smooth

migration path as applications grow and evolve.

The consistent pinout scheme used throughout the

entire family also aids in migrating to the next larger

device. This is true when moving between the 64-pin

members, between the 80-pin members, or even

jumping from 64-pin to 80-pin devices.

The PIC18F87J10 family is also pin compatible with

other PIC18 families, such as the PIC18F8720 and

PIC18F8722. This allows a new dimension to the

evolution of applications, allowing developers to select

different price points within Microchip’s PIC18 portfolio,

while maintaining the same feature set.

1.2 Other Special Features

•Communications: The PIC18F87J10 family

incorporates a range of serial communication

peripherals, including 2 independent Enhanced

USARTs and 2 Master SSP modules, capable of

both SPI and I2C™ (Master and Slave) modes of

operation. In addition, one of the general purpose

I/O ports can be reconfigured as an 8-bit Parallel

Slave Port for direct processor-to-processor

communications.

•CCP Modules: All devices in the family incorporate

two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules and

three Enhanced CCP modules to maximize

flexibility in control applications. Up to four different

time bases may be used to perform several

different operations at once. Each of the three

ECCPs offers up to four PWM outputs, allowing for

a total of 12 PWMs. The ECCPs also offer many

beneficial features, including polarity selection,

programmable dead time, auto-shutdown and

restart and Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output

modes.

•10-Bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates

programmable acquisition time, allowing for a

channel to be selected and a conversion to be

initiated without waiting for a sampling period and

thus, reducing code overhead.

•Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): This

enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit prescaler,

allowing an extended time-out range that is stable

across operating voltage and temperature. See

Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for

time-out periods.

1.3 Details on Individual Family

Members

Devices in the PIC18F87J10 family are available in

64-pin and 80-pin packages. Block diagrams for the

two groups are shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2.

The devices are differentiated from each other in four

ways:

1. Flash program memory (six sizes, ranging from

32 Kbytes for PIC18FX5J10 devices to

128 Kbytes for PIC18FX7J10).

2. Data RAM (2048 bytes for

PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 devices, 3936

bytes for PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 devices).

3. A/D channels (11 for 64-pin devices, 15 for

80-pin devices).

4. I/O ports (7 bidirectional ports on 64-pin devices,

9 bidirectional ports on 80-pin devices).

All other features for devices in this family are identical.

These are summarized in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.

The pinouts for all devices are listed in Table 1-3 and

Table 1-4.

POR, BOR‘ 1 A \nslrucﬁon‘ Snack Fun. Slack Underﬂow‘ MCLR POR. BOR. 1\LSLL‘ Inslrucnon, Slack Fu‘l, Stack Underﬂow. MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 1-1: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (64-PIN DEVICES)

TABLE 1-2: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (80-PIN DEVICES)

Features PIC18F65J10 PIC18F65J15 PIC18F66J10 PIC18F66J15 PIC18F67J10

Operating Frequency DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz

Program Memory (Bytes) 32K 48K 64K 96K 128K

Program Memory (Instructions) 16384 24576 32768 49152 65536

Data Memory (Bytes) 2048 2048 2048 3936 3936

Interrupt Sources 27

I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G

Timers 5

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2

Enhanced Capture/

Compare/PWM Modules

Serial Communications MSSP (2), Enhanced USART (2)

Parallel Communications (PSP) Yes

10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 11 Input Channels

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full, Stack Underflow, MCLR, WDT

(PWRT, OST)

Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set enabled

Packages 64-pin TQFP

Features PIC18F85J10 PIC18F85J15 PIC18F86J10 PIC18F86J15 PIC18F87J10

Operating Frequency DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz

Program Memory (Bytes) 32K 48K 64K 96K 128K

Program Memory (Instructions) 16384 24576 32768 49152 65536

Data Memory (Bytes) 2048 2048 2048 3936 3936

Interrupt Sources 27

I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J

Timers 5

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2

Enhanced Capture/

Compare/PWM Modules

Serial Communications MSSP (2), Enhanced USART (2)

Parallel Communications (PSP) Yes

10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 15 Input Channels

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full, Stack Underflow, MCLR, WDT

(PWRT, OST)

Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set enabled

Packages 80-pin TQFP

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 1-1: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 (64-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM

Instruction

Decode and

Control

PORTA

Data Latch

Data Memory

(2.0, 3.9

Address Latch

Data Address<12>

Access

BSR FSR0

FSR1

FSR2

inc/dec

logic

Address

412 4

PCH PCL

PCLATH

31 Level Stack

Program Counter

PRODLPRODH

8 x 8 Multiply

BITOP

ALU<8>

Address Latch

Program Memory

(96 Kbytes)

Data Latch

Table Pointer<21>

inc/dec logic

Data Bus<8>

Table Latch

PCLATU

PCU

Note 1: See Table 1-3 for I/O port pin descriptions.

2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.

EUSART1

Comparators

MSSP1

Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0

ECCP1

ADC

10-Bit

Instruction Bus <16>

STKPTR Bank

State Machine

Control Signals

Decode

EUSART2

ECCP2

ROM Latch

ECCP3 MSSP2CCP4 CCP5

PORTC

PORTD

PORTE

PORTF

PORTG

RA0:RA5(1)

RC0:RC7(1)

RD0:RD7(1)

RE0:RE7(1)

RF1:RF7(1)

RG0:RG4(1)

PORTB

RB0:RB7(1)

Timer4

OSC1/CLKI

OSC2/CLKO

VDD,

Timing

Generation

VSS MCLR

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Power-on

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Brown-out

Reset(2)

Precision

Reference

Band Gap

INTRC

Oscillator

Regulator

Voltage

VDDCORE/VCAP

ENVREG

Kbytes)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 1-2: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 (80-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM

PRODLPRODH

8 x 8 Multiply

BITOP

ALU<8>

Instruction

Decode &

Control

Data Latch

Address Latch

Data Address<12>

Access

BSR FSR0

FSR1

FSR2

inc/dec

logic

Address

412 4

PCH PCL

PCLATH

31 Level Stack

Program Counter

Address Latch

Program Memory

(128 Kbytes)

Data Latch

Table Pointer<21>

inc/dec logic

Data Bus<8>

Table Latch

ROM Latch

PCLATU

PCU

Instruction Bus <16>

STKPTR Bank

State Machine

Control Signals

Decode

System Bus Interface

AD15:AD0, A19:A16

(Multiplexed with PORTD,

PORTE and PORTH)

PORTA

PORTC

PORTD

PORTE

PORTF

PORTG

RA0:RA5(1)

RC0:RC7(1)

RD0:RD7(1)

RE0:RE7(1)

RF1:RF7(1)

RG0:RG4(1)

PORTB

RB0:RB7(1)

PORTH

RH0:RH7(1)

PORTJ

RJ0:RJ7(1)

EUSART1

Comparators

MSSP1

Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0

ECCP1

ADC

10-Bit

EUSART2

ECCP2 ECCP3 MSSP2CCP4 CCP5

Timer4

Note 1: See Table 1-4 for I/O port pin descriptions.

2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.

OSC1/CLKI

OSC2/CLKO

VDD,

Timing

Generation

VSS MCLR

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Power-on

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Brown-out

Reset(2)

Precision

Reference

Band Gap

INTRC

Oscillator

Regulator

Voltage

VDDCORE/VCAP

ENVREG

Data Memory

(2.0, 3.9

Kbytes)

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

MCLR7 I ST Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset

to the device.

OSC1/CLKI

OSC1

CLKI

CMOS

Oscillator crystal or external clock input.

Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.

ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS

otherwise.

External clock source input. Always associated

with pin function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI,

OSC2/CLKO pins.)

OSC2/CLKO

OSC2

CLKO

—

Oscillator crystal or clock output.

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or

resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.

In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has

1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the

instruction cycle rate.

PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.

RA0/AN0

RA0

AN0

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 0.

RA1/AN1

RA1

AN1

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 1.

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA2

AN2

VREF-

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 2.

A/D reference voltage (low) input.

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA3

AN3

VREF+

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 3.

A/D reference voltage (high) input.

RA4/T0CKI

RA4

T0CKI

I/O

Digital I/O.

Timer0 external clock input.

RA5/AN4

RA5

AN4

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 4.

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software

programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.

RB0/INT0/FLT0

RB0

INT0

FLT0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 0.

ECCP1/2/3 Fault input.

RB1/INT1

RB1

INT1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 1.

RB2/INT2

RB2

INT2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 2.

RB3/INT3

RB3

INT3

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 3.

RB4/KBI0

RB4

KBI0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5/KBI1

RB5

KBI1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB6

KBI2

PGC

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock

pin.

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB7

KBI3

PGD

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming data pin.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC0

T1OSO

T13CKI

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator output.

Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A

RC1

T1OSI

ECCP2(1)

P2A(1)

I/O

CMOS

—

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator input.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

ECCP2 PWM output A.

RC2/ECCP1/P1A

RC2

ECCP1

P1A

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output.

ECCP1 PWM output A.

RC3/SCK1/SCL1

RC3

SCK1

SCL1

I/O

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.

RC4/SDI1/SDA1

RC4

SDI1

SDA1

I/O

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

SPI data in.

I2C data I/O.

RC5/SDO1

RC5

SDO1

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

SPI data out.

RC6/TX1/CK1

RC6

TX1

CK1

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.

EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1).

RC7/RX1/DT1

RC7

RX1

DT1

I/O

Digital I/O.

EUSART1 asynchronous receive.

EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1).

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

/Q Q

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.

RD0/PSP0

RD0

PSP0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD1/PSP1

RD1

PSP1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD2/PSP2

RD2

PSP2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD3/PSP3

RD3

PSP3

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD4/PSP4/SDO2

RD4

PSP4

SDO2

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI data out.

RD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2

RD5

PSP5

SDI2

SDA2

I/O

TTL

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI data in.

I2C™ data I/O.

RD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2

RD6

PSP6

SCK2

SCL2

I/O

TTL

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.

RD7/PSP7/SS2

RD7

PSP7

SS2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI slave select input.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.

RE0/RD/P2D

RE0

P2D

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

Read control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output D.

RE1/WR/P2C

RE1

P2C

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

Write control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output C.

RE2/CS/P2B

RE2

P2B

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output B.

RE3/P3C

RE3

P3C

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

ECCP3 PWM output C.

RE4/P3B

RE4

P3B

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

ECCP3 PWM output B.

RE5/P1C

RE5

P1C

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

ECCP1 PWM output C.

RE6/P1B

RE6

P1B

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

ECCP1 PWM output B.

RE7/ECCP2/P2A

RE7

ECCP2(2)

P2A(2)

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

ECCP2 PWM output A.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.

RF1/AN6/C2OUT

RF1

AN6

C2OUT

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 6.

Comparator 2 output.

RF2/AN7/C1OUT

RF2

AN7

C1OUT

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 7.

Comparator 1 output.

RF3/AN8

RF3

AN8

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 8.

RF4/AN9

RF4

AN9

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 9.

RF5/AN10/CVREF

RF5

AN10

CVREF

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 10.

Comparator reference voltage output.

RF6/AN11

RF6

AN11

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 11.

RF7/SS1

RF7

SS1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

SPI slave select input.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.

RG0/ECCP3/P3A

RG0

ECCP3

P3A

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output.

ECCP3 PWM output A.

RG1/TX2/CK2

RG1

TX2

CK2

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.

EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2).

RG2/RX2/DT2

RG2

RX2

DT2

I/O

Digital I/O.

EUSART2 asynchronous receive.

EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2).

RG3/CCP4/P3D

RG3

CCP4

P3D

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output.

ECCP3 PWM output D.

RG4/CCP5/P1D

RG4

CCP5

P1D

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output.

ECCP1 PWM output D.

VSS 9, 25, 41, 56 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 26, 38, 57 P — Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.

AVSS 20 P — Ground reference for analog modules.

AVDD 19 P — Positive supply for analog modules.

ENVREG 18 I ST Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.

VDDCORE/VCAP

VDDCORE

VCAP

—

Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.

Positive supply for microcontroller core logic

(regulator disabled).

External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

MCLR9 I ST Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset to

the device.

OSC1/CLKI

OSC1

CLKI

CMOS

Oscillator crystal or external clock input.

Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.

ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS

otherwise.

External clock source input. Always associated with

pin function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI,

OSC2/CLKO pins.)

OSC2/CLKO

OSC2

CLKO

—

Oscillator crystal or clock output.

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or

resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.

In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has

1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the

instruction cycle rate.

PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.

RA0/AN0

RA0

AN0

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 0.

RA1/AN1

RA1

AN1

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 1.

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA2

AN2

VREF-

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 2.

A/D reference voltage (low) input.

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA3

AN3

VREF+

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 3.

A/D reference voltage (high) input.

RA4/T0CKI

RA4

T0CKI

I/O

Digital I/O.

Timer0 external clock input.

RA5/AN4

RA5

AN4

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 4.

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software

programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.

RB0/INT0/FLT0

RB0

INT0

FLT0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 0.

ECCP1/2/3 Fault input.

RB1/INT1

RB1

INT1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 1.

RB2/INT2

RB2

INT2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 2.

RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A

RB3

INT3

ECCP2(1)

P2A(1)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 3.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

ECCP2 PWM output A.

RB4/KBI0

RB4

KBI0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5/KBI1

RB5

KBI1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB6

KBI2

PGC

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock pin.

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB7

KBI3

PGD

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming data pin.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC0

T1OSO

T13CKI

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator output.

Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A

RC1

T1OSI

ECCP2(2)

P2A(2)

I/O

CMOS

—

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator input.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

ECCP2 PWM output A.

RC2/ECCP1/P1A

RC2

ECCP1

P1A

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output.

ECCP1 PWM output A.

RC3/SCK1/SCL1

RC3

SCK1

SCL1

I/O

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.

RC4/SDI1/SDA1

RC4

SDI1

SDA1

I/O

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

SPI data in.

I2C data I/O.

RC5/SDO1

RC5

SDO1

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

SPI data out.

RC6/TX1/CK1

RC6

TX1

CK1

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.

EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1).

RC7/RX1/DT1

RC7

RX1

DT1

I/O

Digital I/O.

EUSART1 asynchronous receive.

EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1).

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

/552 552

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.

RD0/AD0/PSP0

RD0

AD0

PSP0

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 0.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD1/AD1/PSP1

RD1

AD1

PSP1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 1.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD2/AD2/PSP2

RD2

AD2

PSP2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 2.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD3/AD3/PSP3

RD3

AD3

PSP3

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 3.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2

RD4

AD4

PSP4

SDO2

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 4.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI data out.

RD5/AD5/PSP5/

SDI2/SDA2

RD5

AD5

PSP5

SDI2

SDA2

I/O

TTL

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 5.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI data in.

I2C™ data I/O.

RD6/AD6/PSP6/

SCK2/SCL2

RD6

AD6

PSP6

SCK2

SCL2

I/O

TTL

I2C/SMB

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 6.

Parallel Slave Port data.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.

RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2

RD7

AD7

PSP7

SS2

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 7.

Parallel Slave Port data.

SPI slave select input.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

/% IE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.

RE0/AD8/RD/P2D

RE0

AD8

P2D

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 8.

Read control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output D.

RE1/AD9/WR/P2C

RE1

AD9

P2C

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 9.

Write control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output C.

RE2/AD10/CS/P2B

RE2

AD10

P2B

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 10.

Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.

ECCP2 PWM output B.

RE3/AD11/P3C

RE3

AD11

P3C(3)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 11.

ECCP3 PWM output C.

RE4/AD12/P3B

RE4

AD12

P3B(3)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 12.

ECCP3 PWM output B.

RE5/AD13/P1C

RE5

AD13

P1C(3)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 13.

ECCP1 PWM output C.

RE6/AD14/P1B

RE6

AD14

P1B(3)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 14.

ECCP1 PWM output B.

RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A

RE7

AD15

ECCP2(4)

P2A(4)

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 15.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

ECCP2 PWM output A.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

HQ 551

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.

RF1/AN6/C2OUT

RF1

AN6

C2OUT

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 6.

Comparator 2 output.

RF2/AN7/C1OUT

RF2

AN7

C1OUT

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 7.

Comparator 1 output.

RF3/AN8

RF3

AN8

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 8.

RF4/AN9

RF4

AN9

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 9.

RF5/AN10/CVREF

RF5

AN10

CVREF

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 10.

Comparator reference voltage output.

RF6/AN11

RF6

AN11

I/O

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 11.

RF7/SS1

RF7

SS1

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

SPI slave select input.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.

RG0/ECCP3/P3A

RG0

ECCP3

P3A

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output.

ECCP3 PWM output A.

RG1/TX2/CK2

RG1

TX2

CK2

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.

EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2).

RG2/RX2/DT2

RG2

RX2

DT2

I/O

Digital I/O.

EUSART2 asynchronous receive.

EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2).

RG3/CCP4/P3D

RG3

CCP4

P3D

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output.

ECCP3 PWM output D.

RG4/CCP5/P1D

RG4

CCP5

P1D

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output.

ECCP1 PWM output D.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTH is a bidirectional I/O port.

RH0/A16

RH0

A16

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 16.

RH1/A17

RH1

A17

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 17.

RH2/A18

RH2

A18

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 18.

RH3/A19

RH3

A19

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External memory address/data 19.

RH4/AN12/P3C

RH4

AN12

P3C(5)

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 12.

ECCP3 PWM output C.

RH5/AN13/P3B

RH5

AN13

P3B(5)

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 13.

ECCP3 PWM output B.

RH6/AN14/P1C

RH6

AN14

P1C(5)

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 14.

ECCP1 PWM output C.

RH7/AN15/P1B

RH7

AN15

P1B(5)

I/O

Analog

—

Digital I/O.

Analog input 15.

ECCP1 PWM output B.

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

IE OE NVRL WRL NVRH WRH IE CE IE LB IE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTJ is a bidirectional I/O port.

RJ0/ALE

RJ0

ALE

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory address latch enable.

RJ1/OE

RJ1

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory output enable.

RJ2/WRL

RJ2

WRL

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory write low control.

RJ3/WRH

RJ3

WRH

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory write high control.

RJ4/BA0

RJ4

BA0

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory byte address 0 control.

RJ5/CE

RJ5

I/O

—

Digital I/O

External memory chip enable control.

RJ6/LB

RJ6

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory low byte control.

RJ7/UB

RJ7

I/O

—

Digital I/O.

External memory high byte control.

VSS 11, 31, 51, 70 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 32, 48, 71 P — Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.

AVSS 26 P — Ground reference for analog modules.

AVDD 25 P — Positive supply for analog modules.

ENVREG 24 I ST Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.

VDDCORE/VCAP

VDDCORE

VCAP

—

Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.

Positive supply for microcontroller core logic

(regulator disabled).

External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

Type Description

TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input

I = Input O = Output

P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)

I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).

2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).

3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).

5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

M m V #miﬁ W W

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

2.0 GUIDELINES FOR GETTING

STARTED WITH PIC18FJ

MICROCONTROLLERS

2.1 Basic Connection Requirements

Getting started with the PIC18F87J10 family of 8-bit

microcontrollers requires attention to a minimal set of

device pin connections before proceeding with

development.

The following pins must always be connected:

•All V

DD and VSS pins

(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)

•All AV

DD and AVSS pins, regardless of whether or

not the analog device features are used

(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)

•M

CLR pin

(see Section 2.3 “Master Clear (MCLR) Pin”)

• ENVREG (if implemented) and VCAP/VDDCORE pins

(see Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins

(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)”)

These pins must also be connected if they are being

used in the end application:

• PGC/PGD pins used for In-Circuit Serial

Programming™ (ICSP™) and debugging purposes

(see Section 2.5 “ICSP Pins”)

• OSCI and OSCO pins when an external oscillator

source is used

(see Section 2.6 “External Oscillator Pins”)

Additionally, the following pins may be required:

•V

REF+/VREF- pins used when external voltage

reference for analog modules is implemented

The minimum mandatory connections are shown in

Figure 2-1.

FIGURE 2-1: RECOMMENDED

MINIMUM CONNECTIONS

Note: The AVDD and AVSS pins must always be

connected, regardless of whether any of

the analog modules are being used.

PIC18FXXJXX

VDD

VSS

VDD

VSS

VDD

AVDD

AVSS

VDD

VSS

VDD

MCLR

VCAP/VDDCORE

R2 ENVREG

(1)

C2(2)

C3(2)

C4(2)

C5(2)

C6(2)

Key (all values are recommendations):

C1 through C6: 0.1 μF, 20V ceramic

C7: 10 μF, 6.3V or greater, tantalum or ceramic

R1: 10 kΩ

R2: 100Ω to 470Ω

Note 1: See Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins

(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)” for

explanation of ENVREG pin connections.

2: The example shown is for a PIC18FJ device

with five VDD/VSS and AVDD/AVSS pairs.

Other devices may have more or less pairs;

adjust the number of decoupling capacitors

appropriately.

(1)

MCLR MCLR MCLR MCLR “HP

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

2.2 Power Supply Pins

2.2.1 DECOUPLING CAPACITORS

The use of decoupling capacitors on every pair of

power supply pins, such as VDD, VSS, AVDD and

AVSS, is required.

Consider the following criteria when using decoupling

capacitors:

•Value and type of capacitor: A 0.1 μF (100 nF),

10-20V capacitor is recommended. The capacitor

should be a low-ESR device with a resonance

frequency in the range of 200 MHz and higher.

Ceramic capacitors are recommended.

•Placement on the printed circuit board: The

decoupling capacitors should be placed as close

to the pins as possible. It is recommended to

place the capacitors on the same side of the

board as the device. If space is constricted, the

capacitor can be placed on another layer on the

PCB using a via; however, ensure that the trace

length from the pin to the capacitor is no greater

than 0.25 inch (6 mm).

•Handling high-frequency noise: If the board is

experiencing high-frequency noise (upward of

tens of MHz), add a second ceramic type capaci-

tor in parallel to the above described decoupling

capacitor. The value of the second capacitor can

be in the range of 0.01 μF to 0.001 μF. Place this

second capacitor next to each primary decoupling

capacitor. In high-speed circuit designs, consider

implementing a decade pair of capacitances as

close to the power and ground pins as possible

(e.g., 0.1 μF in parallel with 0.001 μF).

•Maximizing performance: On the board layout

from the power supply circuit, run the power and

return traces to the decoupling capacitors first,

and then to the device pins. This ensures that the

decoupling capacitors are first in the power chain.

Equally important is to keep the trace length

between the capacitor and the power pins to

a minimum, thereby reducing PCB trace

inductance.

2.2.2 TANK CAPACITORS

On boards with power traces running longer than six

inches in length, it is suggested to use a tank capacitor

for integrated circuits including microcontrollers to

supply a local power source. The value of the tank

capacitor should be determined based on the trace

resistance that connects the power supply source to

the device and the maximum current drawn by the

device in the application. In other words, select the tank

capacitor so that it meets the acceptable voltage sag at

the device. Typical values range from 4.7 μF to 47 μF.

2.3 Master Clear (MCLR) Pin

The MCLR pin provides two specific device

functions: device Reset, and device programming

and debugging. If programming and debugging are

not required in the end application, a direct

connection to VDD may be all that is required. The

addition of other components, to help increase the

application’s resistance to spurious Resets from

voltage sags, may be beneficial. A typical

configuration is shown in Figure 2-1. Other circuit

designs may be implemented depending on the

application’s requirements.

During programming and debugging, the resistance

and capacitance that can be added to the pin must

be considered. Device programmers and debuggers

drive the MCLR pin. Consequently, specific voltage

levels (VIH and VIL) and fast signal transitions must

not be adversely affected. Therefore, specific values

of R1 and C1 will need to be adjusted based on the

application and PCB requirements. For example, it is

recommended that the capacitor, C1, be isolated

from the MCLR pin during programming and

debugging operations by using a jumper (Figure 2-2).

The jumper is replaced for normal run-time

operations.

Any components associated with the MCLR pin

should be placed within 0.25 inch (6 mm) of the pin.

FIGURE 2-2: EXAMPLE OF MCLR PIN

CONNECTIONS

Note 1: R1 ≤10 kΩ is recommended. A suggested

starting value is 10 kΩ. Ensure that the

MCLR pin VIH and VIL specifications are met.

2: R2 ≤470Ω will limit any current flowing into

MCLR from the external capacitor, C, in the

event of MCLR pin breakdown, due to

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical

Overstress (EOS). Ensure that the MCLR pin

VIH and VIL specifications are met.

VDD

MCLR

PIC18FXXJXX

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

2.4 Voltage Regulator Pins (ENVREG

and VCAP/VDDCORE)

The on-chip voltage regulator enable pin, ENVREG,

must always be connected directly to either a supply

voltage or to ground. Tying ENVREG to VDD enables

the regulator, while tying it to ground disables the

regulator. Refer to Section 24.3 “On-Chip Voltage

Regulator” for details on connecting and using the

on-chip regulator.

When the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR (<5Ω)

capacitor is required on the VCAP/VDDCORE pin to

stabilize the voltage regulator output voltage. The

VCAP/VDDCORE pin must not be connected to VDD and

must use a capacitor of 10 μF connected to ground. The

type can be ceramic or tantalum. A suitable example is

the Murata GRM21BF50J106ZE01 (10 μF, 6.3V) or

equivalent. Designers may use Figure 2-3 to evaluate

ESR equivalence of candidate devices.

It is recommended that the trace length not exceed

0.25 inch (6 mm). Refer to Section 27.0 “Electrical

Characteristics” for additional information.

When the regulator is disabled, the VCAP/VDDCORE pin

must be tied to a voltage supply at the VDDCORE level.

Refer to Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for

information on VDD and VDDCORE.

Note that the “LF” versions of some low pin count

PIC18FJ parts (e.g., the PIC18LF45J10) do not have

the ENVREG pin. These devices are provided with the

voltage regulator permanently disabled; they must

always be provided with a supply voltage on the

VDDCORE pin.

FIGURE 2-3: FREQUENCY vs. ESR

PERFORMANCE FOR

SUGGESTED VCAP

2.5 ICSP Pins

The PGC and PGD pins are used for In-Circuit Serial

Programming (ICSP) and debugging purposes. It is

recommended to keep the trace length between the

ICSP connector and the ICSP pins on the device as

short as possible. If the ICSP connector is expected to

experience an ESD event, a series resistor is recom-

mended, with the value in the range of a few tens of

ohms, not to exceed 100Ω.

Pull-up resistors, series diodes and capacitors on the

PGC and PGD pins are not recommended as they will

interfere with the programmer/debugger com-

munications to the device. If such discrete components

are an application requirement, they should be removed

from the circuit during programming and debugging.

Alternatively, refer to the AC/DC characteristics and

timing requirements information in the respective device

Flash programming specification for information on

capacitive loading limits and pin input voltage high (VIH)

and input low (VIL) requirements.

For device emulation, ensure that the “Communication

Channel Select” (i.e., PGC/PGD pins) programmed

into the device matches the physical connections for

the ICSP to the MPLAB® ICD 2, MPLAB ICD 3 or

REAL ICE™ emulator.

For more information on the ICD 2, ICD 3 and REAL ICE

emulator connection requirements, refer to the following

documents that are available on the Microchip web site.

•“MPLAB® ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger User’s

Guide” (DS51331)

•“Using MPLAB® ICD 2” (poster) (DS51265)

•“MPLAB® ICD 2 Design Advisory” (DS51566)

•“Using MPLAB® ICD 3” (poster) (DS51765)

•“MPLAB® ICD 3 Design Advisory” (DS51764)

•“MPLAB® REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator User’s

Guide” (DS51616)

•“Using MPLAB® REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator”

(poster) (DS51749)

0.1

0.01

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000

Frequency (MHz)

ESR (Ω)

Note: Data for Murata GRM21BF50J106ZE01 shown.

Measurements at 25°C, 0V DC bias.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

2.6 External Oscillator Pins

Many microcontrollers have options for at least two

oscillators: a high-frequency primary oscillator and a

low-frequency secondary oscillator (refer to

Section 3.0 “Oscillator Configurations” for details).

The oscillator circuit should be placed on the same

side of the board as the device. Place the oscillator

circuit close to the respective oscillator pins with no

more than 0.5 inch (12 mm) between the circuit

components and the pins. The load capacitors should

be placed next to the oscillator itself, on the same side

of the board.

Use a grounded copper pour around the oscillator

circuit to isolate it from surrounding circuits. The

grounded copper pour should be routed directly to the

MCU ground. Do not run any signal traces or power

traces inside the ground pour. Also, if using a

two-sided board, avoid any traces on the other side of

the board where the crystal is placed. A suggested

layout is shown in Figure 2-4.

For additional information and design guidance on

oscillator circuits, please refer to these Microchip

Application Notes, available at the corporate web site

(www.microchip.com):

•AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal

Selection for rfPIC™ and PICmicro® Devices”

•AN849, “Basic PICmicro® Oscillator Design”

• AN943, “Practical PICmicro® Oscillator Analysis

and Design”

•AN949, “Making Your Oscillator Work”

FIGURE 2-4: SUGGESTED PLACEMENT

OF THE OSCILLATOR

CIRCUIT

2.7 Unused I/Os

Unused I/O pins should be configured as outputs and

driven to a logic low state. Alternatively, connect a 1 kΩ

to 10 kΩ resistor to VSS on unused pins and drive the

output to logic low.

Main Oscillator

Guard Ring

Guard Trace

Secondary

Oscillator

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

3.0 OSCILLATOR

CONFIGURATIONS

3.1 Oscillator Types

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices can be operated in

five different oscillator modes:

1. HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

2. HSPLL High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

with Software PLL Control

3. EC External Clock with FOSC/4 Output

4. ECPLL External Clock with Software PLL

Control

5. INTRC Internal 31 kHz Oscillator

Four of these are selected by the user by programming

the FOSC<2:0> Configuration bits. The fifth mode

(INTRC) may be invoked under software control; it can

also be configured as the default mode on device

Resets.

3.2 Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic

Resonators (HS Modes)

In HS or HSPLL Oscillator modes, a crystal or ceramic

resonator is connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to

establish oscillation. Figure 3-1 shows the pin

connections.

The oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut

crystal.

FIGURE 3-1: CRYSTAL/CERAMIC

RESONATOR OPERATION

(HS OR HSPLL

CONFIGURATION)

TABLE 3-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CERAMIC RESONATORS

Note: Use of a series cut crystal may give a fre-

quency out of the crystal manufacturer’s

specifications.

Typical Capacitor Values Used:

Mode Freq. OSC1 OSC2

HS 8.0 MHz

16.0 MHz

27 pF

22 pF

27 pF

22 pF

Capacitor values are for design guidance only.

These capacitors were tested with the resonators

listed below for basic start-up and operation. These

values are not optimized.

Different capacitor values may be required to produce

acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test

the performance of the oscillator over the expected

VDD and temperature range for the application.

See the notes following Table 3-2 for additional

information.

Resonators Used:

4.0 MHz

8.0 MHz

16.0 MHz

Note 1: See Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 for initial values of

C1 and C2.

2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT

strip cut crystals.

3: RF varies with the oscillator mode chosen.

C1(1)

C2(1)

XTAL

OSC2

OSC1

RF(3)

Sleep

Logic

PIC18F87J10

RS(2)

Internal

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 3-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

3.3 External Clock Input (EC Modes)

The EC and ECPLL Oscillator modes require an exter-

nal clock source to be connected to the OSC1 pin.

There is no oscillator start-up time required after a

Power-on Reset or after an exit from Sleep mode.

In the EC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency

divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal

may be used for test purposes or to synchronize other

logic. Figure 3-2 shows the pin connections for the EC

Oscillator mode.

FIGURE 3-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK

INPUT OPERATION

(EC CONFIGURATION)

An external clock source may also be connected to the

OSC1 pin in the HS mode, as shown in Figure 3-3. In

this configuration, the divide-by-4 output on OSC2 is

not available.

FIGURE 3-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (HS OSC

CONFIGURATION)

Osc Type Crystal

Freq.

Typical Capacitor Values

Tested:

C1 C2

HS 4 MHz 27 pF 27 pF

8 MHz 22 pF 22 pF

20 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

Capacitor values are for design guidance only.

These capacitors were tested with the crystals listed

below for basic start-up and operation. These values

are not optimized.

Different capacitor values may be required to produce

acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test

the performance of the oscillator over the expected

VDD and temperature range for the application.

See the notes following this table for additional

information.

Crystals Used:

4 MHz

8 MHz

20 MHz

Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability

of oscillator but also increases the

start-up time.

2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult

the resonator/crystal manufacturer for

appropriate values of external

components.

3: Rs may be required to avoid overdriving

crystals with low drive level specification.

4: Always verify oscillator performance over

the VDD and temperature range that is

expected for the application.

OSC1/CLKI

OSC2/CLKO

FOSC/4

Clock from

Ext. System PIC18F87J10

OSC1

OSC2

Open

Clock from

Ext. System PIC18F87J10

(HS Mode)

”W“ on» K EN“)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

3.4 PLL Frequency Multiplier

A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an

option for users who want to use a lower frequency

oscillator circuit, or to clock the device up to its highest

rated frequency from a crystal oscillator. This may be

useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due

to high-frequency crystals, or users who require higher

clock speeds from an internal oscillator. For these

reasons, the HSPLL and ECPLL modes are available.

The HSPLL and ECPLL modes provide the ability to

selectively run the device at 4 times the external oscil-

lating source to produce frequencies up to 40 MHz.

The PLL is enabled by setting the PLLEN bit in the

OSCTUNE register (Register 3-1).

FIGURE 3-4: PLL BLOCK DIAGRAM

MUX

VCO

Loop

Filter

OSC2

OSC1

PLL Enable (OSCTUNE)

FIN

FOUT

SYSCLK

Phase

Comparator

HSPLL or ECPLL (CONFIG2L)

÷4

HS or EC

Mode

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0

—PLLEN

(1) — — — — — —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6 PLLEN: Frequency Multiplier PLL Enable bit(1)

1 = PLL enabled

0 = PLL disabled

bit 5-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

Note 1: Available only for ECPLL and HSPLL oscillator configurations; otherwise, this bit is unavailable and read

as ‘0’.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

3.5 Internal Oscillator Block

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices includes an inter-

nal oscillator source (INTRC) which provides a nominal

31 kHz output. The INTRC is enabled on device

power-up and clocks the device during its configuration

cycle until it enters operating mode. INTRC is also

enabled if it is selected as the device clock source or if

any of the following are enabled:

• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor

• Watchdog Timer

• Two-Speed Start-up

These features are discussed in greater detail in

Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”.

The INTRC can also be optionally configured as the

default clock source on device start-up by setting the

FOSC2 Configuration bit. This is discussed in

Section 3.6.1 “Oscillator Control Register”.

3.6 Clock Sources and

Oscillator Switching

The PIC18F87J10 family includes a feature that allows

the device clock source to be switched from the main

oscillator to an alternate clock source. PIC18F87J10

family devices offer two alternate clock sources. When

an alternate clock source is enabled, the various

power-managed operating modes are available.

Essentially, there are three clock sources for these

devices:

• Primary oscillators

• Secondary oscillators

• Internal oscillator

The primary oscillators include the External Crystal

and Resonator modes and the External Clock modes.

The particular mode is defined by the FOSC<2:0>

Configuration bits. The details of these modes are

covered earlier in this chapter.

The secondary oscillators are those external sources

not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These

sources may continue to operate even after the

controller is placed in a power-managed mode.

PIC18F87J10 family devices offer the Timer1 oscillator

as a secondary oscillator. This oscillator, in all

power-managed modes, is often the time base for

functions such as a real-time clock.

Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected

between the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI and RC1/T1OSI

pins. Loading capacitors are also connected from each

pin to ground.

The Timer1 oscillator is discussed in greater detail in

Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”.

In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal

oscillator is available as a power-managed mode

clock source. The INTRC source is also used as the

clock source for several special features, such as the

WDT and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.

The clock sources for the PIC18F87J10 family devices

are shown in Figure 3-5. See Section 24.0 “Special

Features of the CPU” for Configuration register details.

FIGURE 3-5: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY CLOCK DIAGRAM

PIC18F87J10 Family

4 x PLL

FOSC<2:0>

T1OSCEN

Enable

Oscillator

T1OSO

T1OSI

Clock Source Option

for Other Modules

OSC1

OSC2

Sleep HSPLL, ECPLL

HS, EC

T1OSC

CPU

Peripherals

IDLEN

MUX

INTRC

Source

WDT, PWRT, FSCM

Internal Oscillator

Clock

Control

OSCCON<1:0>

and Two-Speed Start-up

Primary Oscillator

Secondary Oscillator

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

3.6.1 OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER

The OSCCON register (Register 3-2) controls several

aspects of the device clock’s operation, both in

full-power operation and in power-managed modes.

The System Clock Select bits, SCS<1:0>, select the

clock source. The available clock sources are the

primary clock (defined by the FOSC<2:0> Configura-

tion bits), the secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) and

the internal oscillator. The clock source changes after

one or more of the bits are written to, following a brief

clock transition interval.

The OSTS (OSCCON<3>) and T1RUN (T1CON<6>)

bits indicate which clock source is currently providing

the device clock. The OSTS bit indicates that the

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has timed out and the

primary clock is providing the device clock in primary

clock modes. The T1RUN bit indicates when the

Timer1 oscillator is providing the device clock in

secondary clock modes. In power-managed modes,

only one of these bits will be set at any time. If neither

of these bits are set, the INTRC is providing the clock,

or the internal oscillator has just started and is not yet

stable.

The IDLEN bit determines if the device goes into Sleep

mode or one of the Idle modes when the SLEEP

instruction is executed.

The use of the flag and control bits in the OSCCON

“Power-Managed Modes”.

3.6.1.1 System Clock Selection and the

FOSC2 Configuration Bit

The SCS bits are cleared on all forms of Reset. In the

device’s default configuration, this means the primary

oscillator defined by FOSC<1:0> (that is, one of the HC

or EC modes) is used as the primary clock source on

device Resets.

The default clock configuration on Reset can be

changed with the FOSC2 Configuration bit. The effect of

this bit is to set the clock source selected when

SCS<1:0> = 00. When FOSC2 = 1 (default), the

oscillator source defined by FOSC<1:0> is selected

whenever SCS<1:0> = 00. When FOSC2 = 0, the

INTRC oscillator is selected whenever SCS<1:2> = 00.

Because the SCS bits are cleared on Reset, the FOSC2

setting also changes the default oscillator mode on

Reset.

Regardless of the setting of FOSC2, INTRC will always

be enabled on device power-up. It will serve as the

clock source until the device has loaded its configura-

tion values from memory. It is at this point that the

FOSC Configuration bits are read and the oscillator

selection of the operational mode is made.

Note that either the primary clock or the internal

oscillator will have two bit setting options, at any given

time, depending on the setting of FOSC2.

3.6.2 OSCILLATOR TRANSITIONS

PIC18F87J10 family devices contain circuitry to

prevent clock “glitches” when switching between clock

sources. A short pause in the device clock occurs

during the clock switch. The length of this pause is the

sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three to

four cycles of the new clock source. This formula

assumes that the new clock source is stable.

Clock transitions are discussed in greater detail in

Section 4.1.2 “Entering Power-Managed Modes”.

Note 1: The Timer1 oscillator must be enabled to

select the secondary clock source. The

Timer1 oscillator is enabled by setting the

T1OSCEN bit in the Timer1 Control regis-

ter (T1CON<3>). If the Timer1 oscillator is

not enabled, then any attempt to select a

secondary clock source when executing a

SLEEP instruction will be ignored.

2: It is recommended that the Timer1

oscillator be operating and stable before

executing the SLEEP instruction or a very

long delay may occur while the Timer1

oscillator starts.

[1) When FOSCZ : 1. When FOSCZ : D.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R-q(1) U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

IDLEN — — —OSTS —SCS1SCS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend: q = Value determined by configuration

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 IDLEN: Idle Enable bit

1 = Device enters Idle mode on SLEEP instruction

0 = Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEP instruction

bit 6-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3 OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit(1)

1 = Oscillator Start-up Timer time-out has expired; primary oscillator is running

0 = Oscillator Start-up Timer time-out is running; primary oscillator is not ready

bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1-0 SCS<1:0>: System Clock Select bits

11 = Internal oscillator

10 = Primary oscillator

01 = Timer1 oscillator

When FOSC2 = 1:

00 = Primary oscillator

When FOSC2 = 0:

00 = Internal oscillator

Note 1: The Reset value is ‘0’ when HS mode and Two-Speed Start-up are both enabled; otherwise, it is ‘1’.

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

3.7 Effects of Power-Managed Modes

on the Various Clock Sources

When PRI_IDLE mode is selected, the designated

primary oscillator continues to run without interruption.

For all other power-managed modes, the oscillator

using the OSC1 pin is disabled. The OSC1 pin (and

OSC2 pin if used by the oscillator) will stop oscillating.

In secondary clock modes (SEC_RUN and

SEC_IDLE), the Timer1 oscillator is operating and

providing the device clock. The Timer1 oscillator may

also run in all power-managed modes if required to

clock Timer1 or Timer3.

In RC_RUN and RC_IDLE modes, the internal oscilla-

tor provides the device clock source. The 31 kHz

INTRC output can be used directly to provide the clock

and may be enabled to support various special

features, regardless of the power-managed mode (see

Section 24.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)” through

Section 24.5 “Fail-Safe Clock Monitor” for more

information on WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and

Two-Speed Start-up).

If the Sleep mode is selected, all clock sources are

stopped. Since all the transistor switching currents

have been stopped, Sleep mode achieves the lowest

current consumption of the device (only leakage

currents).

Enabling any on-chip feature that will operate during

Sleep will increase the current consumed during Sleep.

The INTRC is required to support WDT operation. The

Timer1 oscillator may be operating to support a

Real-Time Clock. Other features may be operating that

do not require a device clock source (i.e., MSSP slave,

PSP, INTx pins and others). Peripherals that may add

significant current consumption are listed in

Section 27.2 “DC Characteristics: Power-Down and

Supply Current”.

3.8 Power-up Delays

Power-up delays are controlled by two timers, so that

no external Reset circuitry is required for most applica-

tions. The delays ensure that the device is kept in

Reset until the device power supply is stable under

normal circumstances and the primary clock is operat-

ing and stable. For additional information on power-up

delays, see Section 5.5 “Power-up Timer (PWRT)”.

The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which

provides a fixed delay on power-up (parameter 33,

Table 27-12). It is always enabled.

The second timer is the Oscillator Start-up Timer

(OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until the

crystal oscillator is stable (HS modes). The OST does

this by counting 1024 oscillator cycles before allowing

the oscillator to clock the device.

There is a delay of interval, TCSD (parameter 38,

Table 27-12), following POR, while the controller

becomes ready to execute instructions.

TABLE 3-3: OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE

Oscillator Mode OSC1 Pin OSC2 Pin

EC, ECPLL Floating, pulled by external clock At logic low (clock/4 output)

HS, HSPLL Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent

voltage level

Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent

voltage level

Note: See Table 5-2 in Section 5.0 “Reset” for time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR Reset.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.0 POWER-MANAGED MODES

The PIC18F87J10 family devices provide the ability to

manage power consumption by simply managing clock-

ing to the CPU and the peripherals. In general, a lower

clock frequency and a reduction in the number of circuits

being clocked constitutes lower consumed power. For

the sake of managing power in an application, there are

three primary modes of operation:

• Run mode

• Idle mode

• Sleep mode

These modes define which portions of the device are

clocked and at what speed. The Run and Idle modes

may use any of the three available clock sources

(primary, secondary or internal oscillator block); the

Sleep mode does not use a clock source.

The power-managed modes include several

power-saving features offered on previous PIC®

devices. One is the clock switching feature, offered in

other PIC18 devices, allowing the controller to use the

Timer1 oscillator in place of the primary oscillator. Also

included is the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC devices,

where all device clocks are stopped.

4.1 Selecting Power-Managed Modes

Selecting a power-managed mode requires two

decisions: if the CPU is to be clocked or not and which

clock source is to be used. The IDLEN bit

(OSCCON<7>) controls CPU clocking, while the

SCS<1:0> bits (OSCCON<1:0>) select the clock

source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock

sources and affected modules are summarized in

Table 4-1.

4.1.1 CLOCK SOURCES

The SCS<1:0> bits allow the selection of one of three

clock sources for power-managed modes. They are:

• The primary clock, as defined by the FOSC<2:0>

Configuration bits

• The secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator)

• The internal oscillator

4.1.2 ENTERING POWER-MANAGED

MODES

Switching from one power-managed mode to another

begins by loading the OSCCON register. The

SCS<1:0> bits select the clock source and determine

which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these

bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock

source, assuming that it is running. The switch may

also be subject to clock transition delays. These are

discussed in Section 4.1.3 “Clock Transitions and

Status Indicators” and subsequent sections.

Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes is

triggered by the execution of a SLEEP instruction. The

actual mode that results depends on the status of the

IDLEN bit.

Depending on the current mode and the mode being

switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does

not always require setting all of these bits. Many

transitions may be done by changing the oscillator

select bits, or changing the IDLEN bit, prior to issuing a

SLEEP instruction. If the IDLEN bit is already

configured correctly, it may only be necessary to

perform a SLEEP instruction to switch to the desired

mode.

TABLE 4-1: POWER-MANAGED MODES

Mode

OSCCON Bits<7,1:0> Module Clocking

Available Clock and Oscillator Source

IDLEN(1) SCS<1:0> CPU Peripherals

Sleep 0N/A Off Off None – All clocks are disabled

PRI_RUN N/A 10 Clocked Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL;

this is the normal full-power execution mode.

SEC_RUN N/A 01 Clocked Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator

RC_RUN N/A 11 Clocked Clocked Internal Oscillator

PRI_IDLE 110Off Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL

SEC_IDLE 101Off Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator

RC_IDLE 111Off Clocked Internal Oscillator

Note 1: IDLEN reflects its value when the SLEEP instruction is executed.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.1.3 CLOCK TRANSITIONS AND STATUS

INDICATORS

The length of the transition between clock sources is

the sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three

to four cycles of the new clock source. This formula

assumes that the new clock source is stable.

Two bits indicate the current clock source and its

status: OSTS (OSCCON<3>) and T1RUN

(T1CON<6>). In general, only one of these bits will be

set while in a given power-managed mode. When the

OSTS bit is set, the primary clock is providing the

device clock. When the T1RUN bit is set, the Timer1

oscillator is providing the clock. If neither of these bits

is set, INTRC is clocking the device.

4.1.4 MULTIPLE SLEEP COMMANDS

The power-managed mode that is invoked with the

SLEEP instruction is determined by the setting of the

IDLEN bit at the time the instruction is executed. If

another SLEEP instruction is executed, the device will

enter the power-managed mode specified by IDLEN at

that time. If IDLEN has changed, the device will enter

the new power-managed mode specified by the new

setting.

4.2 Run Modes

In the Run modes, clocks to both the core and

peripherals are active. The difference between these

modes is the clock source.

4.2.1 PRI_RUN MODE

The PRI_RUN mode is the normal, full-power execu-

tion mode of the microcontroller. This is also the default

mode upon a device Reset unless Two-Speed Start-up

is enabled (see Section 24.4 “Two-Speed Start-up”

for details). In this mode, the OSTS bit is set. (see

Section 3.6.1 “Oscillator Control Register”).

4.2.2 SEC_RUN MODE

The SEC_RUN mode is the compatible mode to the

“clock switching” feature offered in other PIC18

devices. In this mode, the CPU and peripherals are

clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. This gives users the

option of lower power consumption while still using a

high-accuracy clock source.

SEC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS<1:0>

bits to ‘01’. The device clock source is switched to the

Timer1 oscillator (see Figure 4-1), the primary oscilla-

tor is shut down, the T1RUN bit (T1CON<6>) is set and

the OSTS bit is cleared.

Note: Executing a SLEEP instruction does not

necessarily place the device into Sleep

mode. It acts as the trigger to place the

controller into either the Sleep mode or

one of the Idle modes, depending on the

setting of the IDLEN bit.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

On transitions from SEC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN, the

peripherals and CPU continue to be clocked from the

Timer1 oscillator while the primary clock is started.

When the primary clock becomes ready, a clock switch

back to the primary clock occurs (see Figure 4-2).

When the clock switch is complete, the T1RUN bit is

cleared, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is

providing the clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not

affected by the wake-up; the Timer1 oscillator

continues to run.

FIGURE 4-1: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SEC_RUN MODE

FIGURE 4-2: TRANSITION TIMING FROM SEC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE (HSPLL)

Note: The Timer1 oscillator should already be

running prior to entering SEC_RUN mode.

If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the

SCS<1:0> bits are set to ‘01’, entry to

SEC_RUN mode will not occur. If the

Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet

running, device clocks will be delayed until

the oscillator has started. In such

situations, initial oscillator operation is far

from stable and unpredictable operation

may result.

Q4Q3Q2

OSC1

Peripheral

Program

T1OSI

Counter

Clock

CPU

Clock

PC + 2PC

123

n-1

Clock Transition

Q4Q3Q2 Q1 Q3Q2

PC + 4

Q1 Q3 Q4

OSC1

Peripheral

Program PC

T1OSI

PLL Clock

PC + 4

Output

Q3 Q4 Q1

CPU Clock

PC + 2

Clock

Counter

Q2 Q2 Q3

Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.

SCS<1:0> Bits Changed

TPLL(1)

12 n-1n

Clock

OSTS Bit Set

Transition

TOST(1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.2.3 RC_RUN MODE

In RC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are

clocked from the internal oscillator; the primary clock is

shut down. This mode provides the best power conser-

vation of all the Run modes while still executing code.

It works well for user applications which are not highly

timing sensitive or do not require high-speed clocks at

all times.

This mode is entered by setting the SCS bits to ‘11’.

When the clock source is switched to the INTRC (see

Figure 4-3), the primary oscillator is shut down and the

OSTS bit is cleared.

On transitions from RC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN mode,

the device continues to be clocked from the INTRC

while the primary clock is started. When the primary

clock becomes ready, a clock switch to the primary

clock occurs (see Figure 4-4). When the clock switch is

complete, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is

providing the device clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits

are not affected by the switch. The INTRC source will

continue to run if either the WDT or the Fail-Safe Clock

Monitor is enabled.

FIGURE 4-3: TRANSITION TIMING TO RC_RUN MODE

FIGURE 4-4: TRANSITION TIMING FROM RC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE

Q4Q3Q2

OSC1

Peripheral

Program

INTRC

Counter

Clock

CPU

Clock

PC + 2PC

123 n-1n

Clock Transition

Q4Q3Q2 Q1 Q3Q2

PC + 4

Q1 Q3 Q4

OSC1

Peripheral

Program PC

INTRC

PLL Clock

PC + 4

Output

Q3 Q4 Q1

CPU Clock

PC + 2

Clock

Counter

Q2 Q2 Q3

Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.

SCS<1:0> Bits Changed

TPLL(1)

12 n-1n

Clock

OSTS Bit Set

Transition

TOST(1)

PC X X X X:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.3 Sleep Mode

The power-managed Sleep mode is identical to the

legacy Sleep mode offered in all other PIC devices. It is

entered by clearing the IDLEN bit (the default state on

device Reset) and executing the SLEEP instruction.

This shuts down the selected oscillator (Figure 4-5). All

clock source status bits are cleared.

Entering the Sleep mode from any other mode does not

require a clock switch. This is because no clocks are

needed once the controller has entered Sleep. If the

WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue to

operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also

continue to run.

When a wake event occurs in Sleep mode (by interrupt,

Reset or WDT time-out), the device will not be clocked

until the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits

becomes ready (see Figure 4-6), or it will be clocked

from the internal oscillator if either the Two-Speed

Start-up or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor are enabled

(see Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”). In

either case, the OSTS bit is set when the primary clock

is providing the device clocks. The IDLEN and SCS bits

are not affected by the wake-up.

4.4 Idle Modes

The Idle modes allow the controller’s CPU to be

selectively shut down while the peripherals continue to

operate. Selecting a particular Idle mode allows users

to further manage power consumption.

If the IDLEN bit is set to a ‘1’ when a SLEEP instruction is

executed, the peripherals will be clocked from the clock

source selected using the SCS<1:0> bits; however, the

CPU will not be clocked. The clock source status bits are

not affected. Setting IDLEN and executing a SLEEP

instruction provides a quick method of switching from a

given Run mode to its corresponding Idle mode.

If the WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue

to operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also

continue to run.

Since the CPU is not executing instructions, the only

exits from any of the Idle modes are by interrupt, WDT

time-out or a Reset. When a wake event occurs, CPU

execution is delayed by an interval of TCSD

(parameter 38, Table 27-12) while it becomes ready to

execute code. When the CPU begins executing code,

it resumes with the same clock source for the current

Idle mode. For example, when waking from RC_IDLE

mode, the internal oscillator block will clock the CPU

and peripherals (in other words, RC_RUN mode). The

IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up.

While in any Idle mode or the Sleep mode, a WDT

time-out will result in a WDT wake-up to the Run mode

currently specified by the SCS<1:0> bits.

FIGURE 4-5: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SLEEP MODE

FIGURE 4-6: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM SLEEP (HSPLL)

Q4Q3Q2

OSC1

Peripheral

Sleep

Program

Q1Q1

Counter

Clock

CPU

Clock

PC + 2PC

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

OSC1

Peripheral

Program PC

PLL Clock

Q3 Q4

Output

CPU Clock

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Clock

Counter PC + 6PC + 4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Wake Event

Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.

TOST(1) TPLL(1)

OSTS Bit Set

PC + 2

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.4.1 PRI_IDLE MODE

This mode is unique among the three low-power Idle

modes, in that it does not disable the primary device

clock. For timing-sensitive applications, this allows for

the fastest resumption of device operation with its more

accurate primary clock source, since the clock source

does not have to “warm up” or transition from another

oscillator.

PRI_IDLE mode is entered from PRI_RUN mode by

setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruc-

tion. If the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN

first, then set the SCS bits to ‘10’ and execute SLEEP.

Although the CPU is disabled, the peripherals continue

to be clocked from the primary clock source specified

by the FOSC<1:0> Configuration bits. The OSTS bit

remains set (see Figure 4-7).

When a wake event occurs, the CPU is clocked from the

primary clock source. A delay of interval, TCSD, is

required between the wake event and when code

execution starts. This is required to allow the CPU to

become ready to execute instructions. After the

wake-up, the OSTS bit remains set. The IDLEN and

SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up (see

Figure 4-8).

4.4.2 SEC_IDLE MODE

In SEC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the

peripherals continue to be clocked from the Timer1

oscillator. This mode is entered from SEC_RUN by set-

ting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If

the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN first, then

set SCS<1:0> to ‘01’ and execute SLEEP. When the

clock source is switched to the Timer1 oscillator, the

primary oscillator is shut down, the OSTS bit is cleared

and the T1RUN bit is set.

When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to

be clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. After an interval

of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins exe-

cuting code being clocked by the Timer1 oscillator. The

IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up;

the Timer1 oscillator continues to run (see Figure 4-8).

FIGURE 4-7: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO IDLE MODE

FIGURE 4-8: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM IDLE TO RUN MODE

Note: The Timer1 oscillator should already be

running prior to entering SEC_IDLE mode.

If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the

SLEEP instruction is executed, the SLEEP

instruction will be ignored and entry to

SEC_IDLE mode will not occur. If the

Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet

running, peripheral clocks will be delayed

until the oscillator has started. In such

situations, initial oscillator operation is far

from stable and unpredictable operation

may result.

Peripheral

Program PC PC + 2

OSC1

Q3 Q4 Q1

CPU Clock

Clock

Counter

OSC1

Peripheral

Program PC

CPU Clock

Q1 Q3 Q4

Clock

Counter

Wake Event

TCSD

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

4.4.3 RC_IDLE MODE

In RC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the

peripherals continue to be clocked from the internal

oscillator. This mode allows for controllable power

conservation during Idle periods.

From RC_RUN, this mode is entered by setting the

IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the

device is in another Run mode, first set IDLEN, then

clear the SCS bits and execute SLEEP. When the clock

source is switched to the INTRC, the primary oscillator

is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared.

When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to

be clocked from the INTRC. After a delay of TCSD

following the wake event, the CPU begins executing

code being clocked by the INTRC. The IDLEN and

SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The INTRC

source will continue to run if either the WDT or the

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled.

4.5 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes

An exit from Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes, is

triggered by an interrupt, a Reset or a WDT time-out.

This section discusses the triggers that cause exits

from power-managed modes. The clocking subsystem

actions are discussed in each of the power-managed

modes sections (see Section 4.2 “Run Modes”,

Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode” and Section 4.4 “Idle

Modes”).

4.5.1 EXIT BY INTERRUPT

Any of the available interrupt sources can cause the

device to exit from an Idle mode, or the Sleep mode, to

a Run mode. To enable this functionality, an interrupt

source must be enabled by setting its enable bit in one

of the INTCON or PIE registers. The exit sequence is

initiated when the corresponding interrupt flag bit is set.

On all exits from Idle or Sleep modes by interrupt, code

execution branches to the interrupt vector if the

GIE/GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) is set. Otherwise, code

execution continues or resumes without branching

(see Section 10.0 “Interrupts”).

A fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event

is required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes. This

delay is required for the CPU to prepare for execution.

Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle

following this delay.

4.5.2 EXIT BY WDT TIME-OUT

A WDT time-out will cause different actions depending

on which power-managed mode the device is in when

the time-out occurs.

If the device is not executing code (all Idle modes and

Sleep mode), the time-out will result in an exit from the

power-managed mode (see Section 4.2 “Run

Modes” and Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode”). If the device

is executing code (all Run modes), the time-out will

result in a WDT Reset (see Section 24.2 “Watchdog

Timer (WDT)”).

The Watchdog Timer and postscaler are cleared by one

of the following events:

• executing a SLEEP or CLRWDT instruction

• the loss of a currently selected clock source (if the

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled)

4.5.3 EXIT BY RESET

Exiting an Idle or Sleep mode by Reset automatically

forces the device to run from the INTRC.

4.5.4 EXIT WITHOUT AN OSCILLATOR

START-UP DELAY

Certain exits from power-managed modes do not

invoke the OST at all. There are two cases:

• PRI_IDLE mode, where the primary clock source

is not stopped; and

• the primary clock source is either the EC or

ECPLL mode.

In these instances, the primary clock source either

does not require an oscillator start-up delay, since it is

already running (PRI_IDLE), or normally does not

require an oscillator start-up delay (EC). However, a

fixed delay of interval, T

CSD, following the wake event

is still required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes to

allow the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction

execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this

delay.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

MCLR MCLR MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

5.0 RESET

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices differentiate

between various kinds of Reset:

a) Power-on Reset (POR)

b) MCLR Reset during normal operation

c) MCLR Reset during power-managed modes

d) Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset (during

execution)

e) Brown-out Reset (BOR)

f) RESET Instruction

g) Stack Full Reset

h) Stack Underflow Reset

This section discusses Resets generated by MCLR,

POR and BOR and covers the operation of the various

start-up timers. Stack Reset events are covered in

Section 6.1.6.4 “Stack Full and Underflow Resets”.

WDT Resets are covered in Section 24.2 “Watchdog

Timer (WDT)”.

A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Reset circuit

is shown in Figure 5-1.

5.1 RCON Register

Device Reset events are tracked through the RCON

indicate that a specific Reset event has occurred. In

most cases, these bits can only be set by the event and

must be cleared by the application after the event. The

state of these flag bits, taken together, can be read to

indicate the type of Reset that just occurred. This is

described in more detail in Section 5.6 “Reset State

of Registers”.

The RCON register also has a control bit for setting

interrupt priority (IPEN). Interrupt priority is discussed

in Section 10.0 “Interrupts”.

FIGURE 5-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

External Reset

MCLR

VDD

WDT

Time-out

VDD Rise

Detect

PWRT

INTRC

POR Pulse

PWRT Chip_Reset

11-Bit Ripple Counter

Brown-out

Reset(1)

RESET

Instruction

Stack

Pointer

Stack Full/Underflow Reset

Sleep

( )_IDLE

65.5 ms

32 μs

Note 1: The ENVREG pin must be tied high to enable Brown-out Reset. The Brown-out Reset is provided by the on-chip

voltage regulator when there is insufficient source voltage to maintain regulation.

POR u: m n BOR POR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0

IPEN ——RITO PD POR BOR

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit

1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts

0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)

bit 6-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit

1 = The RESET instruction was not executed (set by firmware only)

0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in software after a

Brown-out Reset occurs)

bit 3 TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit

1 = Set by power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction

0 = A WDT time-out occurred

bit 2 PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit

1 = Set by power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction

0 = Set by execution of the SLEEP instruction

bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit

1 = A Power-on Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)

0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)

bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit

1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)

0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)

Note 1: It is recommended that the POR bit be set after a Power-on Reset has been detected, so that subsequent

Power-on Resets may be detected.

2: If the on-chip voltage regulator is disabled, BOR remains ‘0’ at all times. See Section 5.4.1 “Detecting

BOR” for more information.

3: Brown-out Reset is said to have occurred when BOR is ‘0’ and POR is ‘1’ (assuming that POR was set to

‘1’ by software immediately after a Power-on Reset.

MCLR MCLR I MCLR BOR POR B R POR BOR P R 71 7 BOR POR BOR BOR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

5.2 Master Clear (MCLR)

The MCLR pin provides a method for triggering a hard

external Reset of the device. A Reset is generated by

holding the pin low. PIC18 extended microcontroller

devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path

which detects and ignores small pulses.

The MCLR pin is not driven low by any internal Resets,

including the WDT.

5.3 Power-on Reset (POR)

A Power-on Reset condition is generated on-chip

whenever VDD rises above a certain threshold. This

allows the device to start in the initialized state when

VDD is adequate for operation.

To take advantage of the POR circuitry, tie the MCLR

pin through a resistor (1 kΩ to 10 kΩ) to VDD. This will

eliminate external RC components usually needed to

create a Power-on Reset delay. A minimum rise rate for

VDD is specified (parameter D004). For a slow rise

time, see Figure 5-2.

When the device starts normal operation (i.e., exits the

Reset condition), device operating parameters

(voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to

ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the

device must be held in Reset until the operating

conditions are met.

POR events are captured by the POR bit (RCON<1>).

The state of the bit is set to ‘0’ whenever a POR occurs;

it does not change for any other Reset event. POR is

not reset to ‘1’ by any hardware event. To capture

multiple events, the user manually resets the bit to ‘1’

in software following any POR.

5.4 Brown-out Reset (BOR)

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices incorporate a

simple BOR function when the internal regulator is

enabled (ENVREG pin is tied to VDD). Any drop of VDD

below VBOR (parameter D005) for greater than time

TBOR (parameter 35) will reset the device. A Reset may

or may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less than

TBOR. The chip will remain in Brown-out Reset until

VDD rises above VBOR.

Once a BOR has occurred, the Power-up Timer will

keep the chip in Reset for TPWRT (parameter 33). If

VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is

running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset

and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once VDD

rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute the

additional time delay.

FIGURE 5-2: EXTERNAL POWER-ON

RESET CIRCUIT (FOR

SLOW VDD POWER-UP)

5.4.1 DETECTING BOR

The BOR bit always resets to ‘0’ on any BOR or POR

event. This makes it difficult to determine if a BOR

event has occurred just by reading the state of BOR

alone. A more reliable method is to simultaneously

check the state of both POR and BOR. This assumes

that the POR bit is reset to ‘1’ in software immediately

after any POR event. If BOR is ‘0’ while POR is ‘1’, it

can be reliably assumed that a BOR event has

occurred.

If the voltage regulator is disabled, Brown-out Reset

functionality is disabled. In this case, the BOR bit

cannot be used to determine a BOR event. The BOR

bit is still cleared by a POR event.

Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required

only if the VDD power-up slope is too slow.

The diode D helps discharge the capacitor

quickly when VDD powers down.

2: R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure that

the voltage drop across R does not violate

the device’s electrical specification.

3: R1 ≥ 1 kΩ will limit any current flowing into

MCLR from external capacitor C, in the event

of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown, due to

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical

Overstress (EOS).

VDD

MCLR

PIC18F87J10

VDD

MCLR MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

5.5 Power-up Timer (PWRT)

PIC18F87J10 family devices incorporate an on-chip

Power-up Timer (PWRT) to help regulate the Power-on

Reset process. The PWRT is always enabled. The

main function is to ensure that the device voltage is

stable before code is executed.

The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of the PIC18F87J10 family

devices is an 11-bit counter which uses the INTRC

source as the clock input. This yields an approximate

time interval of 2048 x 32 μs = 65.6 ms. While the

PWRT is counting, the device is held in Reset.

The power-up time delay depends on the INTRC clock

and will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and

process variation. See DC parameter 33 for details.

5.5.1 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE

If enabled, the PWRT time-out is invoked after the POR

pulse has cleared. The total time-out will vary based on

the status of the PWRT. Figure 5-3, Figure 5-4,

Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6 all depict time-out

sequences on power-up with the Power-up Timer

enabled.

Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR

is kept low long enough, the PWRT will expire. Bringing

MCLR high will begin execution immediately

(Figure 5-5). This is useful for testing purposes, or to

synchronize more than one PIC18FXXXX device

operating in parallel.

FIGURE 5-3: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE < TPWRT)

FIGURE 5-4: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1

TPWRT

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TPWRT

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 5-5: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2

FIGURE 5-6: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE > TPWRT)

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TPWRT

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

0V 1V

3.3V

TPWRT

‘\ U 'U n BORv MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

5.6 Reset State of Registers

Most registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status

is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other

Resets. The other registers are forced to a “Reset

state” depending on the type of Reset that occurred.

Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up,

since this is viewed as the resumption of normal

operation. Status bits from the RCON register, RI, TO,

PD, POR and BOR, are set or cleared differently in

different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 5-1.

These bits are used in software to determine the nature

of the Reset.

Table 5-2 describes the Reset states for all of the

Special Function Registers. These are categorized by

Power-on and Brown-out Resets, Master Clear and

WDT Resets and WDT wake-ups.

TABLE 5-1: STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR

RCON REGISTER

Condition Program

Counter(1)

RCON Register STKPTR Register

RI TO PD POR BOR STKFUL STKUNF

Power-on Reset 0000h 11100 0 0

RESET Instruction 0000h 0uuuu u u

Brown-out 0000h 111u0 u u

MCLR during power-managed

Run modes

0000h u1uuu u u

MCLR during power-managed

Idle modes and Sleep mode

0000h u10uu u u

WDT time-out during full-power

or power-managed Run modes

0000h u0uuu u u

MCLR during full-power

execution

0000h uuuuu u u

Stack Full Reset (STVREN = 1) 0000h uuuuu 1 u

Stack Underflow Reset

(STVREN = 1)

0000h uuuuu u 1

Stack Underflow Error (not an

actual Reset, STVREN = 0)

0000h uuuuu u 1

WDT time-out during

power-managed Idle or Sleep

modes

PC + 2 u00uu u u

Interrupt exit from

power-managed modes

PC + 2 uu0uu u u

Legend: u = unchanged

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEH or GIEL bits are set, the PC is loaded with the

interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS

Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets

WDT Reset

RESET Instruction

Stack Resets

Wake-up via WDT

or Interrupt

TOSU PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---0 uuuu(1)

TOSH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(1)

TOSL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(1)

STKPTR PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 00-0 0000 uu-0 0000 uu-u uuuu(1)

PCLATU PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu

PCLATH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

PCL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 PC + 2(2)

TBLPTRU PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu

TBLPTRH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TBLPTRL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TABLAT PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

PRODH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PRODL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

INTCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu(3)

INTCON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu(3)

INTCON3 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1100 0000 1100 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)

INDF0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTINC0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTDEC0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PREINC0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PLUSW0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

FSR0H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu

FSR0L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

WREG PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

INDF1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTINC1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTDEC1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PREINC1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PLUSW1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

FSR1H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu

FSR1L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

BSR PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.

Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are

updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the

hardware stack.

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt

vector (0008h or 0018h).

3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).

4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.

CON

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

INDF2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTINC2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

POSTDEC2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PREINC2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

PLUSW2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X N/A N/A N/A

FSR2H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu

FSR2L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

STATUS PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu

TMR0H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TMR0L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

T0CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

OSCCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0--- q-00 0--- q-00 u--- q-uu

WDTCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---u

RCON(4) PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0--1 1100 0--q qquu u--u qquu

TMR1H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TMR1L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

T1CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 u0uu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TMR2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

PR2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111

T2CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu

SSP1BUF PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

SSP1ADD PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP1STAT PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP1CON1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP1CON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

ADRESH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

ADRESL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

ADCON0 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0-00 0000 0-00 0000 u-uu uuuu

ADCON1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu

ADCON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0-00 0000 0-00 0000 u-uu uuuu

TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)

Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets

WDT Reset

RESET Instruction

Stack Resets

Wake-up via WDT

or Interrupt

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.

Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are

updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the

hardware stack.

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt

vector (0008h or 0018h).

3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).

4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

CCPR1H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR1L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP1CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

CCPR2H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR2L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP2CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

CCPR3H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR3L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP3CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

ECCP1AS PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

CVRCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

CMCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu

TMR3H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TMR3L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

T3CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PSPCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu ----

SPBRG1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

RCREG1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TXREG1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TXSTA1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0010 0000 0010 uuuu uuuu

RCSTA1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu

EECON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

EECON1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---0 x00- ---0 u00- ---0 u00-

IPR3 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PIR3 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)

PIE3 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

IPR2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 11-- 1-11 11-- 1-11 uu-- u-uu

PIR2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 00-- 0-00 00-- 0-00 uu-- u-uu(3)

PIE2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 00-- 0-00 00-- 0-00 uu-- u-uu

IPR1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PIR1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)

PIE1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

MEMCON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0-00 --00 0-00 --00 u-uu --uu

OSCTUNE PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X -0-- ---- -0-- ---- -u-- ----

TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)

Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets

WDT Reset

RESET Instruction

Stack Resets

Wake-up via WDT

or Interrupt

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.

Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are

updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the

hardware stack.

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt

vector (0008h or 0018h).

3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).

4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TRISJ PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISG PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu

TRISF PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 111- 1111 111- uuuu uuu-

TRISE PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISD PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISC PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISB PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISA PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu

LATJ PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATG PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu

LATF PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxx- uuuu uuu- uuuu uuu-

LATE PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATD PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATC PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATB PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

LATA PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu

PORTJ PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTH PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTG PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 111x xxxx 111u uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTF PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X x000 000- x000 000- uuuu uuu-

PORTE PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTD PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTC PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTB PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTA PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --0x 0000 --0u 0000 --uu uuuu

SPBRGH1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

BAUDCON1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 01-0 0-00 01-0 0-00 uu-u u-uu

SPBRG2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

BAUDCON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 01-0 0-00 01-0 0-00 uu-u u-uu

TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)

Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets

WDT Reset

RESET Instruction

Stack Resets

Wake-up via WDT

or Interrupt

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.

Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are

updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the

hardware stack.

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt

vector (0008h or 0018h).

3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).

4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

ECCP1DEL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TMR4 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

PR4 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111

T4CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu

CCPR4H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR4L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP4CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu

CCPR5H PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR5L PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP5CON PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu

SPBRG2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

RCREG2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TXREG2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TXSTA2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0010 0000 0010 uuuu uuuu

RCSTA2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu

ECCP3AS PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

ECCP3DEL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

ECCP2AS PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

ECCP2DEL PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP2BUF PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

SSP2ADD PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP2STAT PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP2CON1 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

SSP2CON2 PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)

Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets

WDT Reset

RESET Instruction

Stack Resets

Wake-up via WDT

or Interrupt

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.

Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are

updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the

hardware stack.

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt

vector (0008h or 0018h).

3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).

4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

There are two types of memory in PIC18 Flash

microcontroller devices:

• Program Memory

• Data RAM

As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program

memories use separate busses; this allows for

concurrent access of the two memory spaces.

Additional detailed information on the operation of the

Flash program memory is provided in Section 7.0

“Flash Program Memory”.

6.1 Program Memory Organization

PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program

counter which is capable of addressing a 2-Mbyte

program memory space. Accessing a location between

the upper boundary of the physically implemented

memory and the 2-Mbyte address will return all ‘0’s (a

NOP instruction).

The entire PIC18F87J10 family offers a range of

on-chip Flash program memory sizes, from 32 Kbytes

(up to 16,384 single-word instructions) to 128 Kbytes

(65,536 single-word instructions). The program

memory maps for individual family members are shown

in Figure 6-3.

FIGURE 6-1: MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES

Note: Sizes of memory areas are not to scale. Sizes of program memory areas are enhanced to show detail.

Unimplemented

Read as ‘0’

Unimplemented

Read as ‘0’

Unimplemented

Read as ‘0’

Unimplemented

Read as ‘0’

Unimplemented

Read as ‘0’

000000h

1FFFFFh

01FFFFh

PIC18FX5J10 PIC18FX5J15 PIC18FX6J10 PIC18FX6J15 PIC18FX7J10

007FFFh

005FFFh

00BFFFh

00FFFFh

017FFFh

PC<20:0>

Stack Level 1

•

Stack Level 31

•

CALL, CALLW, RCALL,

RETURN, RETFIE, RETLW,

User Memory Space

On-Chip

Memory

On-Chip

Memory

On-Chip

Memory

On-Chip

Memory

On-Chip

Memory

ADDULNK, SUBULNK

Config. Words

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.1 HARD MEMORY VECTORS

All PIC18 devices have a total of three hard-coded

return vectors in their program memory space. The

Reset vector address is the default value to which the

program counter returns on all device Resets; it is

located at 0000h.

PIC18 devices also have two interrupt vector

addresses for the handling of high-priority and

low-priority interrupts. The high-priority interrupt vector

is located at 0008h and the low-priority interrupt vector

is at 0018h. Their locations in relation to the program

memory map are shown in Figure 6-2.

FIGURE 6-2: HARD VECTOR AND

CONFIGURATION WORD

LOCATIONS FOR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

DEVICES

6.1.2 FLASH CONFIGURATION WORDS

Because PIC18F87J10 family devices do not have per-

sistent configuration memory, the top four words of

on-chip program memory are reserved for configuration

information. On Reset, the configuration information is

copied into the Configuration registers.

The Configuration Words are stored in their program

memory location in numerical order, starting with the

lower byte of CONFIG1 at the lowest address and end-

ing with the upper byte of CONFIG4. For these devices,

only Configuration Words, CONFIG1 through

CONFIG3, are used; CONFIG4 is reserved. The actual

addresses of the Flash Configuration Word for devices

in the PIC18F87J10 family are shown in Table 6-1.

Their location in the memory map is shown with the

other memory vectors in Figure 6-2.

Additional details on the device Configuration Words

are provided in Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits”.

TABLE 6-1: FLASH CONFIGURATION

WORD FOR PIC18F87J10

FAMILY DEVICES

Reset Vector

Low-Priority Interrupt Vector

0000h

0018h

On-Chip

Program Memory

High-Priority Interrupt Vector 0008h

1FFFFFh

(Top of Memory)

(Top of Memory-7)

Flash Configuration Words

Read ‘0’

Legend: (Top of Memory) represents upper boundary

of on-chip program memory space (see

Figure 6-1 for device-specific values).

Shaded area represents unimplemented

memory. Areas are not shown to scale.

Device

Program

Memory

(Kbytes)

Configuration

Word

Addresses

PIC18F65J10 32 7FF8h to 7FFFh

PIC18F85J10

PIC18F65J15 48 BFF8h to BFFFh

PIC18F85J15

PIC18F66J10 64 FFF8h to FFFFh

PIC18F86J10

PIC18F66J15 96 17FF8h to to

17FFFh

PIC18F86J15

PIC18F67J10 128 1FFF8h to to

1FFFFh

PIC18F87J10

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.3 PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PROGRAM

MEMORY MODES

The 80-pin devices in this family can address up to a

total of 2 Mbytes of program memory. This is achieved

through the external memory bus. There are two

distinct operating modes available to the controllers:

• Microcontroller (MC)

• Extended Microcontroller (EMC)

The program memory mode is determined by setting

the EMB Configuration bits (CONFIG3L<5:4>), as

shown in Register 6-1. (See also Section 24.1

“Configuration Bits” for additional details on the

device Configuration bits.)

The program memory modes operate as follows:

•The Microcontroller Mode accesses only on-chip

Flash memory. Attempts to read above the top of

on-chip memory causes a read of all ‘0’s (a NOP

instruction).

The Microcontroller mode is also the only operating

mode available to 64-pin devices.

•The Extended Microcontroller Mode allows

access to both internal and external program

memories as a single block. The device can

access its entire on-chip program memory; above

this, the device accesses external program

memory up to the 2-Mbyte program space limit.

Execution automatically switches between the

two memories as required.

The setting of the EMB Configuration bits also controls

the address bus width of the external memory bus. This

is covered in more detail in Section 8.0 “External

Memory Bus”.

In all modes, the microcontroller has complete access

to data RAM.

Figure 6-3 compares the memory maps of the different

program memory modes. The differences between

on-chip and external memory access limitations are

more fully explained in Table 6-2.

R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0

WAIT BW EMB1 EMB0 EASHFT — — —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value after erase ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 Wait: External Bus Wait Enable bit

1 = Wait states on the external bus are disabled

0 = Wait states on the external bus are enabled and selected by MEMCON<5:4>

bit 6 BW: Data Bus Width Select bit

1 = 16-Bit Data Width modes

0 = 8-Bit Data Width modes

bit 5-4 EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits

11 = Microcontroller mode, external bus disabled

10 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-bit address width for external bus

01 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-bit address width for external bus

00 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-bit address width for external bus

bit 3 EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit

1 = Address shifting enabled – external address bus is shifted to start at 000000h

0 = Address shifting disabled – external address bus reflects the PC value

bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.4 EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER

MODE AND ADDRESS SHIFTING

By default, devices in Extended Microcontroller mode

directly present the program counter value on the

external address bus for those addresses in the range

of the external memory space. In practical terms, this

means addresses in the external memory device below

the top of on-chip memory are unavailable.

To avoid this, the Extended Microcontroller mode

implements an address shifting option to enable auto-

matic address translation. In this mode, addresses

presented on the external bus are shifted down by the

size of the on-chip program memory and are remapped

to start at 0000h. This allows the complete use of the

external memory device’s memory space.

FIGURE 6-3: MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY PROGRAM MEMORY MODES

TABLE 6-2: MEMORY ACCESS FOR PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PROGRAM MEMORY MODES

Operating Mode

Internal Program Memory External Program Memory

Execution

From

Table Read

From

Table Write

Execution

From

Table Read

From

Table Write

Microcontroller Yes Yes Yes No Access No Access No Access

Extended Microcontroller Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

External

Memory

On-Chip

Program

Memory

Microcontroller Mode(1)

000000h

On-Chip

Program

Memory

1FFFFFh

Reads

‘0’s

External On-Chip

Memory Memory

(Top of Memory)

(Top of Memory) + 1

Legend: (Top of Memory) represents upper boundary of on-chip program memory space (see Figure 6-1 for device-specific

values). Shaded areas represent unimplemented, or inaccessible areas, depending on the mode.

Note 1: This mode is the only available mode on 64-pin devices and the default on 80-pin devices.

2: These modes are only available on 80-pin devices.

Extended Microcontroller Mode(2)

000000h

1FFFFFh

(Top of Memory)

(Top of Memory) + 1 External

Memory

On-Chip

Program

Memory

000000h

1FFFFFh

(Top of Memory)

(Top of Memory) + 1

Access

Space

On-Chip

Memory

Space

External On-Chip

Memory Memory

Space

Mapped

External

Memory

Space

Space Space

Mapped

External

Memory

Space (Top of Memory)

Extended Microcontroller Mode

with Address Shifting(2)

1FFFFFh –

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.5 PROGRAM COUNTER

The Program Counter (PC) specifies the address of the

instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits wide

and is contained in three separate 8-bit registers. The

low byte, known as the PCL register, is both readable

and writable. The high byte, or PCH register, contains

the PC<15:8> bits; it is not directly readable or writable.

Updates to the PCH register are performed through the

PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This

directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCU

The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are transferred

to the program counter by any operation that writes

PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program

counter are transferred to PCLATH and PCLATU by an

operation that reads PCL. This is useful for computed

offsets to the PC (see Section 6.1.8.1 “Computed

GOTO”).

The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To

prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word

instructions, the Least Significant bit of PCL is fixed to

a value of ‘0’. The PC increments by 2 to address

sequential instructions in the program memory.

The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch

instructions write to the program counter directly. For

these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and

PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter.

6.1.6 RETURN ADDRESS STACK

The return address stack allows any combination of up

to 31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC is

pushed onto the stack when a CALL or RCALL instruc-

tion is executed, or an interrupt is Acknowledged. The

PC value is pulled off the stack on a RETURN, RETLW

or a RETFIE instruction (and on ADDULNK and

SUBULNK instructions if the extended instruction set is

enabled). PCLATU and PCLATH are not affected by

any of the RETURN or CALL instructions.

The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a

5-bit Stack Pointer, STKPTR. The stack space is not

part of either program or data space. The Stack Pointer

is readable and writable and the address on the top of

the stack is readable and writable through the

Top-of-Stack Special Function Registers. Data can also

be pushed to, or popped from the stack, using these

registers.

A CALL type instruction causes a push onto the stack.

The Stack Pointer is first incremented and the location

pointed to by the Stack Pointer is written with the

contents of the PC (already pointing to the instruction

following the CALL). A RETURN type instruction causes

a pop from the stack. The contents of the location

pointed to by the STKPTR are transferred to the PC

and then the Stack Pointer is decremented.

The Stack Pointer is initialized to ‘00000’ after all

Resets. There is no RAM associated with the location

corresponding to a Stack Pointer value of ‘00000’; this

is only a Reset value. Status bits indicate if the stack is

full, has overflowed or has underflowed.

6.1.6.1 Top-of-Stack Access

Only the top of the return address stack (TOS) is read-

able and writable. A set of three registers,

TOSU:TOSH:TOSL, hold the contents of the stack

location pointed to by the STKPTR register

(Figure 6-4). This allows users to implement a software

stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALL or interrupt

(and ADDULNK and SUBULNK instructions if the

extended instruction set is enabled), the software can

read the pushed value by reading the

TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers. These values can be

placed on a user-defined software stack. At return time,

the software can return these values to

TOSU:TOSH:TOSL and do a return.

The user must disable the global interrupt enable bits

while accessing the stack to prevent inadvertent stack

corruption.

FIGURE 6-4: RETURN ADDRESS STACK AND ASSOCIATED REGISTERS

00011

001A34h

11111

11110

11101

00010

00001

00000

00010

Return Address Stack<20:0>

To p - o f - St a c k

000D58h

TOSLTOSHTOSU

34h1Ah00h

STKPTR<4:0>

Top-of-Stack Registers Stack Pointer

(1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.6.2 Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR)

The STKPTR register (Register 6-2) contains the Stack

Pointer value, the STKFUL (Stack Full) status bit and

the STKUNF (Stack Underflow) status bit. The value of

the Stack Pointer can be 0 through 31. The Stack

Pointer increments before values are pushed onto the

stack and decrements after values are popped off the

stack. On Reset, the Stack Pointer value will be zero.

The user may read and write the Stack Pointer value.

This feature can be used by a Real-Time Operating

System (RTOS) for return stack maintenance.

After the PC is pushed onto the stack 31 times (without

popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is

set. The STKFUL bit is cleared by software or by a

POR.

The action that takes place when the stack becomes

full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack Over-

flow Reset Enable) Configuration bit. (Refer to

Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits” for a description of

the device Configuration bits.) If STVREN is set

(default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2) value

onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the

device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the Stack

Pointer will be set to zero.

If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the

31st push and the Stack Pointer will increment to 31.

Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push

and the STKPTR will remain at 31.

When the stack has been popped enough times to

unload the stack, the next pop will return a value of zero

to the PC and set the STKUNF bit, while the Stack

Pointer remains at zero. The STKUNF bit will remain

set until cleared by software or until a POR occurs.

6.1.6.3 PUSH and POP Instructions

Since the Top-of-Stack is readable and writable, the

ability to push values onto the stack and pull values off

the stack, without disturbing normal program execu-

tion, is a desirable feature. The PIC18 instruction set

includes two instructions, PUSH and POP, that permit

the TOS to be manipulated under software control.

TOSU, TOSH and TOSL can be modified to place data

or a return address on the stack.

The PUSH instruction places the current PC value onto

the stack. This increments the Stack Pointer and loads

the current PC value onto the stack.

The POP instruction discards the current TOS by

decrementing the Stack Pointer. The previous value

pushed onto the stack then becomes the TOS value.

Note: Returning a value of zero to the PC on an

underflow has the effect of vectoring the

program to the Reset vector, where the

stack conditions can be verified and

appropriate actions can be taken. This is

not the same as a Reset, as the contents

of the SFRs are not affected.

R/C-0 R/C-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

STKFUL(1) STKUNF(1) — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend: C = Clearable bit

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit(1)

1 = Stack became full or overflowed

0 = Stack has not become full or overflowed

bit 6 STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit(1)

1 = Stack underflow occurred

0 = Stack underflow did not occur

bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4-0 SP<4:0>: Stack Pointer Location bits

Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.1.6.4 Stack Full and Underflow Resets

Device Resets on stack overflow and stack underflow

conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in

Configuration Register 1L. When STVREN is set, a full

or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL

or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When

STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set

the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit, but not cause

a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bit is cleared

by the user software or a Power-on Reset.

6.1.7 FAST REGISTER STACK

A Fast Register Stack is provided for the STATUS,

WREG and BSR registers to provide a “fast return”

option for interrupts. This stack is only one level deep

and is neither readable nor writable. It is loaded with the

current value of the corresponding register when the

processor vectors for an interrupt. All interrupt sources

will push values into the Stack registers. The values in

the registers are then loaded back into the working

registers if the RETFIE, FAST instruction is used to

return from the interrupt.

If both low and high-priority interrupts are enabled, the

Stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from

low-priority interrupts. If a high-priority interrupt occurs

while servicing a low-priority interrupt, the Stack

be overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key

registers in software during a low-priority interrupt.

If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the

Fast Register Stack for returns from interrupt. If no

interrupts are used, the Fast Register Stack can be

used to restore the STATUS, WREG and BSR registers

at the end of a subroutine call. To use the Fast Register

Stack for a subroutine call, a CALL label, FAST

instruction must be executed to save the STATUS,

WREG and BSR registers to the Fast Register Stack. A

RETURN, FAST instruction is then executed to restore

these registers from the Fast Register Stack.

Example 6-1 shows a source code example that uses

the Fast Register Stack during a subroutine call and

return.

EXAMPLE 6-1: FAST REGISTER STACK

CODE EXAMPLE

6.1.8 LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM

MEMORY

There may be programming situations that require the

creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in

program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables

can be implemented in two ways:

• Computed GOTO

• Table Reads

6.1.8.1 Computed GOTO

A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset

to the program counter. An example is shown in

Example 6-2.

A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL

instruction and a group of RETLW nn instructions. The

W register is loaded with an offset into the table before

executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the

called routine is the ADDWF PCL instruction. The next

instruction executed will be one of the RETLW nn

instructions that returns the value ‘nn’ to the calling

function.

The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of

bytes that the program counter should advance and

should be multiples of 2 (LSb = 0).

In this method, only one data byte may be stored in

each instruction location and room on the return

address stack is required.

EXAMPLE 6-2: COMPUTED GOTO USING

AN OFFSET VALUE

6.1.8.2 Table Reads

A better method of storing data in program memory

allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction

location.

Look-up table data may be stored two bytes per

program word while programming. The Table Pointer

(TBLPTR) specifies the byte address and the Table

Latch (TABLAT) contains the data that is read from the

program memory. Data is transferred from program

memory one byte at a time.

Table read operation is discussed further in

Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.

CALL SUB1, FAST ;STATUS, WREG, BSR

;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER

;STACK

•

SUB1 •

•

RETURN FAST ;RESTORE VALUES SAVED

;IN FAST REGISTER STACK

MOVF OFFSET, W

CALL TABLE

ORG nn00h

TABLE ADDWF PCL

RETLW nnh

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.2 PIC18 Instruction Cycle

6.2.1 CLOCKING SCHEME

The microcontroller clock input, whether from an

internal or external source, is internally divided by four

to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks

(Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is

incremented on every Q1; the instruction is fetched

from the program memory and latched into the instruc-

tion register during Q4. The instruction is decoded and

executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The

clocks and instruction execution flow are shown in

Figure 6-5.

6.2.2 INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING

An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles, Q1

through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are pipe-

lined in such a manner that a fetch takes one instruction

cycle, while the decode and execute takes another

instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each

instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an

instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g.,

GOTO), then two cycles are required to complete the

instruction (Example 6-3).

A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC)

incrementing in Q1.

In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched

into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This

instruction is then decoded and executed during the

Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2

(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination

write).

FIGURE 6-5: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE

EXAMPLE 6-3: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

OSC2/CLKO

(RC mode)

PC PC + 2 PC + 4

Fetch INST (PC)

Execute INST (PC – 2)

Fetch INST (PC + 2)

Execute INST (PC)

Fetch INST (PC + 4)

Execute INST (PC + 2)

Internal

Phase

Clock

All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction

is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.

TCY0TCY1TCY2TCY3TCY4TCY5

1. MOVLW 55h Fetch 1 Execute 1

2. MOVWF PORTB Fetch 2 Execute 2

3. BRA SUB_1 Fetch 3 Execute 3

4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP) Fetch 4 Flush (NOP)

5. Instruction @ address SUB_1 Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1

0000mm OOUUDZh 0000mm OOUUDEh th 55h OOUUDBh EFh 03h OOUUUAh FOh 00h 0000mm C1h 23h OOUUUEh FM 56h 000mm 00001zh OOUUMh

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.2.3 INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM

MEMORY

The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instruc-

tions are stored as two bytes or four bytes in program

memory. The Least Significant Byte of an instruction

word is always stored in a program memory location

with an even address (LSB = 0). To maintain alignment

with instruction boundaries, the PC increments in steps

of 2 and the LSB will always read ‘0’ (see Section 6.1.5

“Program Counter”).

Figure 6-6 shows an example of how instruction words

are stored in the program memory.

The CALL and GOTO instructions have the absolute

program memory address embedded into the instruc-

tion. Since instructions are always stored on word

boundaries, the data contained in the instruction is a

word address. The word address is written to PC<20:1>

which accesses the desired byte address in program

memory. Instruction #2 in Figure 6-6 shows how the

instruction, GOTO 0006h, is encoded in the program

memory. Program branch instructions, which encode a

relative address offset, operate in the same manner. The

offset value stored in a branch instruction represents the

number of single-word instructions that the PC will be

offset by. Section 25.0 “Instruction Set Summary”

provides further details of the instruction set.

FIGURE 6-6: INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY

6.2.4 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS

The standard PIC18 instruction set has four two-word

instructions: CALL, MOVFF, GOTO and LSFR. In all

cases, the second word of the instructions always has

‘1111’ as its four Most Significant bits; the other 12 bits

are literal data, usually a data memory address.

The use of ‘1111’ in the 4 MSbs of an instruction

specifies a special form of NOP. If the instruction is

executed in proper sequence – immediately after the

first word – the data in the second word is accessed

and used by the instruction sequence. If the first word

is skipped for some reason and the second word is

executed by itself, a NOP is executed instead. This is

necessary for cases when the two-word instruction is

preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the

PC. Example 6-4 shows how this works.

EXAMPLE 6-4: TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS

Word Address

LSB = 1LSB = 0↓

Program Memory

Byte Locations →

000000h

000002h

000004h

000006h

Instruction 1: MOVLW 055h 0Fh 55h 000008h

Instruction 2: GOTO 0006h EFh 03h 00000Ah

F0h 00h 00000Ch

Instruction 3: MOVFF 123h, 456h C1h 23h 00000Eh

F4h 56h 000010h

000012h

000014h

Note: See Section 6.5 “Program Memory and

the Extended Instruction Set” for

information on two-word instructions in the

extended instruction set.

CASE 1:

Object Code Source Code

0110 0110 0000 0000 TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0?

1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; No, skip this word

1111 0100 0101 0110 ; Execute this word as a NOP

0010 0100 0000 0000 ADDWF REG3 ; continue code

CASE 2:

Object Code Source Code

0110 0110 0000 0000 TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0?

1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; Yes, execute this word

1111 0100 0101 0110 ; 2nd word of instruction

0010 0100 0000 0000 ADDWF REG3 ; continue code

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.3 Data Memory Organization

The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as

static RAM. Each register in the data memory has a

12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of data

memory. The memory space is divided into as many as

16 banks that contain 256 bytes each. The

PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 devices, with up to

64 Kbytes of program memory, implement 8 complete

banks for a total of 2048 bytes. PIC18FX6J15 and

PIC18FX7J10 devices, with 96 or 128 Kbytes of

program memory, implement all available banks and

provide 3936 bytes of data memory available to the

user. Figure 6-7 and Figure 6-8 show the data memory

organization for the devices.

The data memory contains Special Function Registers

(SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs). The

SFRs are used for control and status of the controller

and peripheral functions, while GPRs are used for data

storage and scratchpad operations in the user’s

application. Any read of an unimplemented location will

read as ‘0’s.

The instruction set and architecture allow operations

across all banks. The entire data memory may be

accessed by Direct, Indirect or Indexed Addressing

modes. Addressing modes are discussed later in this

section.

To ensure that commonly used registers (select SFRs

and select GPRs) can be accessed in a single cycle,

PIC18 devices implement an Access Bank. This is a

256-byte memory space that provides fast access to

select SFRs and the lower portion of GPR Bank 0 with-

out using the BSR. Section 6.3.2 “Access Bank”

provides a detailed description of the Access RAM.

6.3.1 BANK SELECT REGISTER

Large areas of data memory require an efficient

addressing scheme to make rapid access to any

address possible. Ideally, this means that an entire

address does not need to be provided for each read or

write operation. For PIC18 devices, this is accom-

plished with a RAM banking scheme. This divides the

memory space into 16 contiguous banks of 256 bytes.

Depending on the instruction, each location can be

addressed directly by its full 12-bit address, or an 8-bit

low-order address and a 4-bit Bank Pointer.

Most instructions in the PIC18 instruction set make use

of the Bank Pointer, known as the Bank Select Register

(BSR). This SFR holds the 4 Most Significant bits of a

location’s address; the instruction itself includes the

8 Least Significant bits. Only the four lower bits of the

BSR are implemented (BSR<3:0>). The upper four bits

are unused; they will always read ‘0’ and cannot be

written to. The BSR can be loaded directly by using the

MOVLB instruction.

The value of the BSR indicates the bank in data

memory. The 8 bits in the instruction show the location

in the bank and can be thought of as an offset from the

bank’s lower boundary. The relationship between the

BSR’s value and the bank division in data memory is

shown in Figure 6-9.

Since up to 16 registers may share the same low-order

address, the user must always be careful to ensure that

the proper bank is selected before performing a data

read or write. For example, writing what should be

program data to an 8-bit address of F9h while the BSR

is 0Fh, will end up resetting the program counter.

While any bank can be selected, only those banks that

are actually implemented can be read or written to.

Writes to unimplemented banks are ignored, while

reads from unimplemented banks will return ‘0’s. Even

so, the STATUS register will still be affected as if the

operation was successful. The data memory map in

Figure 6-7 indicates which banks are implemented.

In the core PIC18 instruction set, only the MOVFF

instruction fully specifies the 12-bit address of the

source and target registers. This instruction ignores the

BSR completely when it executes. All other instructions

include only the low-order address as an operand and

must use either the BSR or the Access Bank to locate

their target registers.

Note: The operation of some aspects of data

memory are changed when the PIC18

extended instruction set is enabled. See

Section 6.6 “Data Memory and the

Extended Instruction Set” for more

information.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 6-7: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 DEVICES

00h

5Fh

60h

FFh

Access Bank

When a = 0:

The BSR is ignored and the

Access Bank is used.

The first 96 bytes are general

purpose RAM (from Bank 0).

The second 160 bytes are

Special Function Registers

(from Bank 15).

When a = 1:

The BSR specifies the bank

used by the instruction.

Access RAM High

Access RAM Low

(SFRs)

Bank 0

Bank 1

Bank 14

Bank 15

Data Memory Map

BSR<3:0>

= 0000

= 0001

= 1111

060h

05Fh

F60h

FFFh

F5Fh

F00h

EFFh

1FFh

100h

0FFh

000h

Access RAM

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

GPR

SFR

Bank 2

= 0010

2FFh

200h

Bank 3

FFh

00h

GPR

FFh

= 0011

Unused

GPR

4FFh

400h

5FFh

500h

3FFh

300h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

= 0110

= 0111

= 1000

= 0101

= 0100 Bank 4

Bank 5

Bank 6

Bank 7

Bank 8

= 1110

6FFh

600h

7FFh

700h

800h

Unused

Read as ‘0’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 6-8: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 DEVICES

Bank 0

Bank 1

Bank 14

Bank 15

Data Memory Map

BSR<3:0>

= 0000

= 0001

= 1111

060h

05Fh

F60h

FFFh

00h

5Fh

60h

FFh

Access Bank

When a = 0:

The BSR is ignored and the

Access Bank is used.

The first 96 bytes are general

purpose RAM (from Bank 0).

The remaining 160 bytes are

Special Function Registers

(from Bank 15).

When a = 1:

The BSR specifies the bank

used by the instruction.

F5Fh

F00h

EFFh

1FFh

100h

0FFh

000h

Access RAM

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

GPR

SFR

Access RAM High

Access RAM Low

Bank 2

= 0010

(SFRs)

2FFh

200h

Bank 3

FFh

00h

GPR

FFh

= 0011

= 1101

GPR

4FFh

400h

5FFh

500h

3FFh

300h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

GPR

= 0110

= 0111

= 1010

= 1100

= 1000

= 0101

= 1001

= 1011

= 0100 Bank 4

Bank 5

Bank 6

Bank 7

Bank 8

Bank 9

Bank 10

Bank 11

Bank 12

Bank 13

= 1110

6FFh

600h

7FFh

700h

8FFh

800h

9FFh

900h

AFFh

A00h

BFFh

B00h

CFFh

C00h

DFFh

D00h

E00h

”T 4. N u

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 6-9: USE OF THE BANK SELECT REGISTER (DIRECT ADDRESSING)

6.3.2 ACCESS BANK

While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit

address allows users to address the entire range of

data memory, it also means that the user must always

ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise,

data may be read from or written to the wrong location.

This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target

of an operation, but an SFR is written to instead.

Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or

write to data memory can become very inefficient.

To streamline access for the most commonly used data

memory locations, the data memory is configured with

an Access Bank, which allows users to access a

mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR.

The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of

memory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of

memory (60h-FFh) in Bank 15. The lower half is known

as the “Access RAM” and is composed of GPRs. The

upper half is where the device’s SFRs are mapped.

These two areas are mapped contiguously in the

Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear fashion

by an 8-bit address (Figure 6-7).

The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions

that include the Access RAM bit (the ‘a’ parameter in

the instruction). When ‘a’ is equal to ‘1’, the instruction

uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the

opcode for the data memory address. When ‘a’ is ‘0’,

however, the instruction is forced to use the Access

Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is

ignored entirely.

Using this “forced” addressing allows the instruction to

operate on a data address in a single cycle without

updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and

above, this means that users can evaluate and operate

on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h

is a good place for data values that the user might need

to access rapidly, such as immediate computational

results or common program variables. Access RAM

also allows for faster and more code efficient context

saving and switching of variables.

The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different

when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST

Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail

in Section 6.6.3 “Mapping the Access Bank in

Indexed Literal Offset Mode”.

6.3.3 GENERAL PURPOSE

PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR

area. This is data RAM which is available for use by all

instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0

(address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom

of the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a

Power-on Reset and are unchanged on all other

Resets.

Note 1: The Access RAM bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR<3:0>) to

the registers of the Access Bank.

2: The MOVFF instruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction.

Data Memory

Bank Select(2)

From Opcode(2)

0000

000h

100h

200h

300h

F00h

E00h

FFFh

Bank 0

Bank 1

Bank 2

Bank 14

Bank 15

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

00h

FFh

Bank 3

through

Bank 13

0010 11111 111

BSR(1)

11111111

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.3.4 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers

used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling

the desired operation of the device. These registers are

implemented as static RAM. SFRs start at the top of

data memory (FFFh) and extend downward to occupy

more than the top half of Bank 15 (F60h to FFFh). A list

of these registers is given in Table 6-3 and Table 6-4.

The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those

associated with the “core” device functionality (ALU,

Resets and interrupts) and those related to the

peripheral functions. The Reset and Interrupt registers

are described in their respective chapters, while the

ALU’s STATUS register is described later in this

section. Registers related to the operation of the

peripheral features are described in the chapter for that

peripheral.

The SFRs are typically distributed among the

peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR

locations are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s.

TABLE 6-3: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES

Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name

FFFh TOSU FDFh INDF2(1) FBFh CCPR1H F9Fh IPR1 F7Fh SPBRGH1

FFEh TOSH FDEh POSTINC2(1) FBEh CCPR1L F9Eh PIR1 F7Eh BAUDCON1

FFDh TOSL FDDh POSTDEC2(1) FBDh CCP1CON F9Dh PIE1 F7Dh SPBRGH2

FFCh STKPTR FDCh PREINC2(1) FBCh CCPR2H F9Ch MEMCON(3) F7Ch BAUDCON2

FFBh PCLATU FDBh PLUSW2(1) FBBh CCPR2L F9Bh OSCTUNE F7Bh —(2)

FFAh PCLATH FDAh FSR2H FBAh CCP2CON F9Ah TRISJ(3) F7Ah —(2)

FF9h PCL FD9h FSR2L FB9h CCPR3H F99h TRISH(3) F79h ECCP1DEL

FF8h TBLPTRU FD8h STATUS FB8h CCPR3L F98h TRISG F78h TMR4

FF7h TBLPTRH FD7h TMR0H FB7h CCP3CON F97h TRISF F77h PR4

FF6h TBLPTRL FD6h TMR0L FB6h ECCP1AS F96h TRISE F76h T4CON

FF5h TABLAT FD5h T0CON FB5h CVRCON F95h TRISD F75h CCPR4H

FF4h PRODH FD4h —(2) FB4h CMCON F94h TRISC F74h CCPR4L

FF3h PRODL FD3h OSCCON FB3h TMR3H F93h TRISB F73h CCP4CON

FF2h INTCON FD2h —(2) FB2h TMR3L F92h TRISA F72h CCPR5H

FF1h INTCON2 FD1h WDTCON FB1h T3CON F91h LATJ(3) F71h CCPR5L

FF0h INTCON3 FD0h RCON FB0h PSPCON F90h LATH(3) F70h CCP5CON

FEFh INDF0(1) FCFh TMR1H FAFh SPBRG1 F8Fh LATG F6Fh SPBRG2

FEEh POSTINC0(1) FCEh TMR1L FAEh RCREG1 F8Eh LATF F6Eh RCREG2

FEDh POSTDEC0(1) FCDh T1CON FADh TXREG1 F8Dh LATE F6Dh TXREG2

FECh PREINC0(1) FCCh TMR2 FACh TXSTA1 F8Ch LATD F6Ch TXSTA2

FEBh PLUSW0(1) FCBh PR2 FABh RCSTA1 F8Bh LATC F6Bh RCSTA2

FEAh FSR0H FCAh T2CON FAAh —(2) F8Ah LATB F6Ah ECCP3AS

FE9h FSR0L FC9h SSP1BUF FA9h —(2) F89h LATA F69h ECCP3DEL

FE8h WREG FC8h SSP1ADD FA8h —(2) F88h PORTJ(3) F68h ECCP2AS

FE7h INDF1(1) FC7h SSP1STAT FA7h EECON2 F87h PORTH(3) F67h ECCP2DEL

FE6h POSTINC1(1) FC6h SSP1CON1 FA6h EECON1 F86h PORTG F66h SSP2BUF

FE5h POSTDEC1(1) FC5h SSP1CON2 FA5h IPR3 F85h PORTF F65h SSP2ADD

FE4h PREINC1(1) FC4h ADRESH FA4h PIR3 F84h PORTE F64h SSP2STAT

FE3h PLUSW1(1) FC3h ADRESL FA3h PIE3 F83h PORTD F63h SSP2CON1

FE2h FSR1H FC2h ADCON0 FA2h IPR2 F82h PORTC F62h SSP2CON2

FE1h FSR1L FC1h ADCON1 FA1h PIR2 F81h PORTB F61h —(2)

FE0h BSR FC0h ADCON2 FA0h PIE2 F80h PORTA F60h —(2)

Note 1: This is not a physical register.

2: Unimplemented registers are read as ‘0’.

3: This register is not available on 64-pin devices.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 6-4: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY)

File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR, BOR

Details

on page:

TOSU ——— Top-of-Stack Upper Byte (TOS<20:16>) ---0 0000 53, 63

TOSH Top-of-Stack High Byte (TOS<15:8>) 0000 0000 53, 63

TOSL Top-of-Stack Low Byte (TOS<7:0>) 0000 0000 53, 63

STKPTR STKFUL STKUNF — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 00-0 0000 53, 64

PCLATU ——bit 21

(1) Holding Register for PC<20:16> ---0 0000 53, 63

PCLATH Holding Register for PC<15:8> 0000 0000 53, 63

PCL PC Low Byte (PC<7:0>) 0000 0000 53, 63

TBLPTRU —— bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>) --00 0000 53, 93

TBLPTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 0000 0000 53, 93

TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 0000 0000 53, 93

TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 0000 0000 53, 93

PRODH Product Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 53, 107

PRODL Product Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 53, 107

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 53, 111

INTCON2 RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP 1111 1111 53, 112

INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF 1100 0000 53, 113

INDF0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 53, 79

POSTINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

POSTDEC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

PREINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

PLUSW0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –

value of FSR0 offset by W

N/A 53, 80

FSR0H ———— Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 High Byte ---- xxxx 53, 79

FSR0L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 53, 79

WREG Working Register xxxx xxxx 53

INDF1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 53, 79

POSTINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

POSTDEC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

PREINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 53, 80

PLUSW1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –

value of FSR1 offset by W

N/A 53, 80

FSR1H ———— Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 High Byte ---- xxxx 53, 79

FSR1L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 53, 79

BSR ———— Bank Select Register ---- 0000 53, 68

INDF2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 54, 79

POSTINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 54, 80

POSTDEC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 54, 80

PREINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 54, 80

PLUSW2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –

value of FSR2 offset by W

N/A 54, 80

FSR2H ———— Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 High Byte ---- xxxx 54, 79

FSR2L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 79

STATUS ———NOVZDCC---x xxxx 54, 78

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.

2: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are

shown for 80-pin devices.

3: This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller

mode.

4: The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.

5: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.

NSYNC Tastc

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TMR0H Timer0 Register High Byte 0000 0000 54, 153

TMR0L Timer0 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 153

T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 1111 1111 54, 151

OSCCON IDLEN — — —OSTS

(5) — SCS1 SCS0 0--- q-00 36, 54

WDTCON — — — — — — —SWDTEN--- ---0 54, 287

RCON IPEN ——RITO PD POR BOR 0--1 1100 48, 54,

123

TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 159

TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 159

T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 0000 0000 54, 155

TMR2 Timer2 Register 0000 0000 54, 162

PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 54, 162

T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 54, 161

SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 54, 203,

238

SSP1ADD MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 0000 0000 54, 203

SSP1STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 0000 0000 54, 194,

204

SSP1CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 54, 195,

204

SSP1CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT/

ADMSK5

ACKEN/

ADMSK4

RCEN/

ADMSK3

PEN/

ADMSK2

RSEN/

ADMSK1

SEN 0000 0000 54, 206

ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 269

ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 54, 269

ADCON0 ADCAL — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 0-00 0000 54, 261

ADCON1 —— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 --00 0000 54, 262

ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 0-00 0000 54, 263

CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCP1CON P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 0000 0000 55, 177

CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 High Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCP2CON P2M1 P2M0 DC2B1 DC2B0 CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 0000 0000 55, 177

CCPR3H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCPR3L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 192

CCP3CON P3M1 P3M0 DC3B1 DC3B0 CCP3M3 CCP3M2 CCP3M1 CCP3M0 0000 0000 55, 177

ECCP1AS ECCP1ASE ECCP1AS2 ECCP1AS1 ECCP1AS0 PSS1AC1 PSS1AC0 PSS1BD1(2) PSS1BD0(2) 0000 0000 55, 189

CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 0000 0000 55, 277

CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 55, 271

TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 165

TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 55, 165

T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 0000 0000 55, 163

PSPCON IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — — — — 0000 ---- 55, 149

SPBRG1 EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 0000 0000 55, 243

RCREG1 EUSART1 Receive Register 0000 0000 55, 251,

252

TABLE 6-4: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)

File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR, BOR

Details

on page:

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.

2: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are

shown for 80-pin devices.

3: This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller

mode.

4: The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.

5: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TXREG1 EUSART1 Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 55, 249,

250

TXSTA1 CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 0010 55, 240

RCSTA1 SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 55, 241

EECON2 Program Memory Control Register 2 (not a physical register) ---- ---- 55

EECON1 ——— FREE WRERR WREN WR —---0 x00- 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 1111 1111 55, 123

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 0000 0000 55, 117

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 0000 0000 55, 120

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP —— BCL1IP — TMR3IP CCP2IP 11-- 1-11 55, 121

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ——BCL1IF— TMR3IF CCP2IF 00-- 0-00 55, 115

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE —— BCL1IE — TMR3IE CCP2IE 00-- 0-00 55, 120

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 1111 1111 55, 120

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 55, 114

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 55, 117

MEMCON(3) EBDIS —WAIT1WAIT0——WM1WM00-00 --00 55, 96

OSCTUNE —PLLEN

(4) — — — — — — -0-- ---- 33, 55

TRISJ(2) TRISJ7 TRISJ6 TRISJ5 TRISJ4 TRISJ3 TRISJ2 TRISJ1 TRISJ0 1111 1111 56, 147

TRISH(2) TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 1111 1111 56, 145

TRISG ——— TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 ---1 1111 56, 143

TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 —1111 111- 56, 141

TRISE TRISE7 TRISE6 TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 1111 1111 56, 139

TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 1111 1111 56, 136

TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 56, 133

TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 1111 1111 56, 130

TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 --11 1111 56, 127

LATJ(2) LATJ7 LATJ6 LATJ5 LATJ4 LATJ3 LATJ2 LATJ1 LATJ0 xxxx xxxx 56, 147

LATH(2) LATH7 LATH6 LATH5 LATH4 LATH3 LATH2 LATH1 LATH0 xxxx xxxx 56, 145

LATG ——— LATG4 LATG3 LATG2 LATG1 LATG0 ---x xxxx 56, 143

LATF LATF7 LATF6 LATF5 LATF4 LATF3 LATF2 LATF1 —xxxx xxx- 56, 141

LATE LATE7 LATE6 LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 xxxx xxxx 56, 139

LATD LATD7 LATD6 LATD5 LATD4 LATD3 LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 xxxx xxxx 56, 136

LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 xxxx xxxx 56, 133

LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 xxxx xxxx 56, 130

LATA —— LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 --xx xxxx 56, 127

PORTJ(2) RJ7 RJ6 RJ5 RJ4 RJ3 RJ2 RJ1 RJ0 xxxx xxxx 56, 147

PORTH(2) RH7 RH6 RH5 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH1 RH0 0000 xxxx 56, 145

PORTG RDPU REPU RJPU(2) RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 111x xxxx 56, 143

PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 —x000 000- 56, 141

PORTE RE7 RE6 RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 xxxx xxxx 56, 139

PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 xxxx xxxx 56, 136

PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx 56, 133

PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx 56, 130

PORTA —— RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --0x 0000 56, 127

TABLE 6-4: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)

File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR, BOR

Details

on page:

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.

2: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are

shown for 80-pin devices.

3: This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller

mode.

4: The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.

5: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SPBRGH1 EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 0000 0000 56, 243

BAUDCON1 ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 01-0 0-00 56, 242

SPBRGH2 EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 0000 0000 56, 243

BAUDCON2 ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 01-0 0-00 56, 242

ECCP1DEL P1RSEN P1DC6 P1DC5 P1DC4 P1DC3 P1DC2 P1DC1 P1DC0 0000 0000 57, 188

TMR4 Timer4 Register 0000 0000 57, 168

PR4 Timer4 Period Register 1111 1111 57, 168

T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 -000 0000 57, 167

CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte xxxx xxxx 57, 170

CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 57, 170

CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 --00 0000 57, 169

CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte xxxx xxxx 57, 170

CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 57, 170

CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 --00 0000 57, 169

SPBRG2 EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 0000 0000 57, 243

RCREG2 EUSART2 Receive Register 0000 0000 57, 251,

252

TXREG2 EUSART2 Transmit Register 0000 0000 57, 249,

250

TXSTA2 CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 0010 57, 240

RCSTA2 SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 57, 241

ECCP3AS ECCP3ASE ECCP3AS2 ECCP3AS1 ECCP3AS0 PSS3AC1 PSS3AC0 PSS3BD1 PSS3BD0 0000 0000 57, 189

ECCP3DEL P3RSEN P3DC6 P3DC5 P3DC4 P3DC3 P3DC2 P3DC1 P3DC0 0000 0000 57, 188

ECCP2AS ECCP2ASE ECCP2AS2 ECCP2AS1 ECCP2AS0 PSS2AC1 PSS2AC0 PSS2BD1 PSS2BD0 0000 0000 57, 189

ECCP2DEL P2RSEN P2DC6 P2DC5 P2DC4 P2DC3 P2DC2 P2DC1 P2DC0 0000 0000 57, 188

SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 57, 203,

238

SSP2ADD MSSP2 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 0000 0000 57, 203

SSP2STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 0000 0000 57, 194,

204

SSP2CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 57, 206,

205

SSP2CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT/

ADMSK5

ACKEN/

ADMSK4

RCEN/

ADMSK3

PEN/

ADMSK2

RSEN/

ADMSK1

SEN 0000 0000 57, 206

TABLE 6-4: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)

File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR, BOR

Details

on page:

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.

2: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are

shown for 80-pin devices.

3: This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller

mode.

4: The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.

5: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.

Borrow Digm Borrow ‘ Dd“ dz] Borrow y/Borrow Borrow Borrow

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.3.5 STATUS REGISTER

The STATUS register, shown in Register 6.4, contains

the arithmetic status of the ALU. The STATUS register

can be the operand for any instruction, as with any

other register. If the STATUS register is the destination

for an instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits,

then the write to these five bits is disabled.

These bits are set or cleared according to the device

logic. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the

STATUS register as destination may be different than

intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will set the Z bit

but leave the other bits unchanged. The STATUS

mended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF, MOVFF

and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS

C, DC, OV or N bits in the STATUS register.

For other instructions not affecting any Status bits, see

the instruction set summaries in Table 25-2 and

Table 25-3.

Note: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow

and Digit Borrow bit respectively, in

subtraction.

U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x

— — —NOVZDC

(1) C(2)

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4 N: Negative bit

This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates whether the result was negative

(ALU MSB = 1).

1 = Result was negative

0 = Result was positive

bit 3 OV: Overflow bit

This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates an overflow of the 7-bit magnitude

which causes the sign bit (bit 7 of the result) to change state.

1 = Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation)

0 = No overflow occurred

bit 2 Z: Zero bit

1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero

0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero

bit 1 DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit(1)

For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW and SUBWF instructions:

1 = A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred

0 = No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result

bit 0 C: Carry/Borrow bit(2)

For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW and SUBWF instructions:

1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred

0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred

Note 1: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second

operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either bit 4 or bit 3 of the source register.

2: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second

operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low-order bit of the

source register.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.4 Data Addressing Modes

While the program memory can be addressed in only

one way – through the program counter – information

in the data memory space can be addressed in several

ways. For most instructions, the addressing mode is

fixed. Other instructions may use up to three modes,

depending on which operands are used and whether or

not the extended instruction set is enabled.

The addressing modes are:

• Inherent

• Literal

•Direct

•Indirect

An additional addressing mode, Indexed Literal Offset,

is available when the extended instruction set is

enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). Its operation is

discussed in greater detail in Section 6.6.1 “Indexed

Addressing with Literal Offset”.

6.4.1 INHERENT AND LITERAL

ADDRESSING

Many PIC18 control instructions do not need any

argument at all; they either perform an operation that

globally affects the device, or they operate implicitly on

one register. This addressing mode is known as

Inherent Addressing. Examples include SLEEP, RESET

and DAW.

Other instructions work in a similar way, but require an

additional explicit argument in the opcode. This is

known as Literal Addressing mode, because they

require some literal value as an argument. Examples

include ADDLW and MOVLW, which respectively, add or

move a literal value to the W register. Other examples

include CALL and GOTO, which include a 20-bit

program memory address.

6.4.2 DIRECT ADDRESSING

Direct Addressing specifies all or part of the source

and/or destination address of the operation within the

opcode itself. The options are specified by the

arguments accompanying the instruction.

In the core PIC18 instruction set, bit-oriented and

byte-oriented instructions use some version of Direct

Addressing by default. All of these instructions include

some 8-bit Literal Address as their Least Significant

Byte. This address specifies either a register address in

one of the banks of data RAM (Section 6.3.3 “General

Purpose Register File”), or a location in the Access

Bank (Section 6.3.2 “Access Bank”) as the data

source for the instruction.

The Access RAM bit ‘a’ determines how the address is

interpreted. When ‘a’ is ‘1’, the contents of the BSR

(Section 6.3.1 “Bank Select Register”) are used with

the address to determine the complete 12-bit address

of the register. When ‘a’ is ‘0’, the address is interpreted

as being a register in the Access Bank. Addressing that

uses the Access RAM is sometimes also known as

Direct Forced Addressing mode.

A few instructions, such as MOVFF, include the entire

12-bit address (either source or destination) in their

opcodes. In these cases, the BSR is ignored entirely.

The destination of the operation’s results is determined

by the destination bit, ‘d’. When ‘d’ is ‘1’, the results are

stored back in the source register, overwriting its origi-

nal contents. When ‘d’ is ‘0’, the results are stored in

the W register. Instructions without the ‘d’ argument

have a destination that is implicit in the instruction; their

destination is either the target register being operated

on or the W register.

6.4.3 INDIRECT ADDRESSING

Indirect Addressing allows the user to access a location

in data memory without giving a fixed address in the

instruction. This is done by using File Select Registers

(FSRs) as pointers to the locations to be read or written

to. Since the FSRs are themselves located in RAM as

Special Function Registers, they can also be directly

manipulated under program control. This makes FSRs

very useful in implementing data structures such as

tables and arrays in data memory.

The registers for Indirect Addressing are also

implemented with Indirect File Operands (INDFs) that

permit automatic manipulation of the pointer value with

auto-incrementing, auto-decrementing or offsetting

with another value. This allows for efficient code using

loops, such as the example of clearing an entire RAM

bank in Example 6-5. It also enables users to perform

Indexed Addressing and other Stack Pointer

operations for program memory in data memory.

EXAMPLE 6-5: HOW TO CLEAR RAM

(BANK 1) USING

INDIRECT ADDRESSING

Note: The execution of some instructions in the

core PIC18 instruction set are changed

when the PIC18 extended instruction set is

enabled. See Section 6.6 “Data Memory

and the Extended Instruction Set” for

more information.

LFSR FSR0, 100h ;

NEXT CLRF POSTINC0 ; Clear INDF

; register then

; inc pointer

BTFSS FSR0H, 1 ; All done with

; Bank1?

BRA NEXT ; NO, clear next

CONTINUE ; YES, continue

mm 3

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.4.3.1 FSR Registers and the

INDF Operand

At the core of Indirect Addressing are three sets of

registers: FSR0, FSR1 and FSR2. Each represents a

pair of 8-bit registers, FSRnH and FSRnL. The four

upper bits of the FSRnH register are not used, so each

FSR pair holds a 12-bit value. This represents a value

that can address the entire range of the data memory

in a linear fashion. The FSR register pairs, then, serve

as pointers to data memory locations.

Indirect Addressing is accomplished with a set of Indi-

rect File Operands, INDF0 through INDF2. These can

be thought of as “virtual” registers: they are mapped in

the SFR space but are not physically implemented.

Reading or writing to a particular INDF register actually

accesses its corresponding FSR register pair. A read

from INDF1, for example, reads the data at the address

indicated by FSR1H:FSR1L. Instructions that use the

INDF registers as operands actually use the contents

of their corresponding FSR as a pointer to the instruc-

tion’s target. The INDF operand is just a convenient

way of using the pointer.

Because Indirect Addressing uses a full 12-bit address,

data RAM banking is not necessary. Thus, the current

contents of the BSR and the Access RAM bit have no

effect on determining the target address.

FIGURE 6-10: INDIRECT ADDRESSING

FSR1H:FSR1L

Data Memory

000h

100h

200h

300h

F00h

E00h

FFFh

Bank 0

Bank 1

Bank 2

Bank 14

Bank 15

Bank 3

through

Bank 13

ADDWF, INDF1, 1

Using an instruction with one of the

Indirect Addressing registers as the

operand....

...uses the 12-bit address stored in

the FSR pair associated with that

...to determine the data memory

location to be used in that operation.

In this case, the FSR1 pair contains

FCCh. This means the contents of

location FCCh will be added to that

of the W register and stored back in

FCCh.

xxxx1111 11001100

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.4.3.2 FSR Registers and POSTINC,

POSTDEC, PREINC and PLUSW

In addition to the INDF operand, each FSR register pair

also has four additional indirect operands. Like INDF,

these are “virtual” registers that cannot be indirectly

read or written to. Accessing these registers actually

accesses the associated FSR register pair, but also

performs a specific action on its stored value. They are:

• POSTDEC: accesses the FSR value, then

automatically decrements it by ‘1’ afterwards

• POSTINC: accesses the FSR value, then

automatically increments it by ‘1’ afterwards

• PREINC: increments the FSR value by ‘1’, then

uses it in the operation

• PLUSW: adds the signed value of the W register

(range of -127 to 128) to that of the FSR and uses

the new value in the operation

In this context, accessing an INDF register uses the

value in the FSR registers without changing them.

Similarly, accessing a PLUSW register gives the FSR

value offset by the value in the W register; neither value

is actually changed in the operation. Accessing the

other virtual registers changes the value of the FSR

registers.

Operations on the FSRs with POSTDEC, POSTINC

and PREINC affect the entire register pair; that is, roll-

overs of the FSRnL register from FFh to 00h carry over

to the FSRnH register. On the other hand, results of

these operations do not change the value of any flags

in the STATUS register (e.g., Z, N, OV, etc.).

The PLUSW register can be used to implement a form

of Indexed Addressing in the data memory space. By

manipulating the value in the W register, users can

reach addresses that are fixed offsets from pointer

addresses. In some applications, this can be used to

implement some powerful program control structure,

such as software stacks, inside of data memory.

6.4.3.3 Operations by FSRs on FSRs

Indirect Addressing operations that target other FSRs

or virtual registers represent special cases. For

example, using an FSR to point to one of the virtual reg-

isters will not result in successful operations. As a

specific case, assume that FSR0H:FSR0L contains

FE7h, the address of INDF1. Attempts to read the

value of the INDF1, using INDF0 as an operand, will

return 00h. Attempts to write to INDF1, using INDF0 as

the operand, will result in a NOP.

On the other hand, using the virtual registers to write to

an FSR pair may not occur as planned. In these cases,

the value will be written to the FSR pair but without any

incrementing or decrementing. Thus, writing to INDF2

or POSTDEC2 will write the same value to the

FSR2H:FSR2L.

Since the FSRs are physical registers mapped in the

SFR space, they can be manipulated through all direct

operations. Users should proceed cautiously when

working on these registers, particularly if their code

uses Indirect Addressing.

Similarly, operations by Indirect Addressing are gener-

ally permitted on all other SFRs. Users should exercise

the appropriate caution that they do not inadvertently

change settings that might affect the operation of the

device.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.5 Program Memory and the

Extended Instruction Set

The operation of program memory is unaffected by the

use of the extended instruction set.

Enabling the extended instruction set adds five

additional two-word commands to the existing PIC18

instruction set: ADDFSR, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS and

SUBFSR. These instructions are executed as described

in Section 6.2.4 “Two-Word Instructions”.

6.6 Data Memory and the Extended

Instruction Set

Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set (XINST

Configuration bit = 1) significantly changes certain

aspects of data memory and its addressing. Specifically,

the use of the Access Bank for many of the core PIC18

instructions is different; this is due to the introduction of

a new addressing mode for the data memory space.

This mode also alters the behavior of Indirect

Addressing using FSR2 and its associated operands.

What does not change is just as important. The size of

the data memory space is unchanged, as well as its

linear addressing. The SFR map remains the same.

Core PIC18 instructions can still operate in both Direct

and Indirect Addressing mode; inherent and literal

instructions do not change at all. Indirect Addressing

with FSR0 and FSR1 also remains unchanged.

6.6.1 INDEXED ADDRESSING WITH

LITERAL OFFSET

Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set changes

the behavior of Indirect Addressing using the FSR2

proper conditions, instructions that use the Access

Bank – that is, most bit-oriented and byte-oriented

instructions – can invoke a form of Indexed Addressing

using an offset specified in the instruction. This special

addressing mode is known as Indexed Addressing with

Literal Offset, or Indexed Literal Offset mode.

When using the extended instruction set, this

addressing mode requires the following:

• The use of the Access Bank is forced (‘a’ = 0);

and

• The file address argument is less than or equal to

5Fh.

Under these conditions, the file address of the

instruction is not interpreted as the lower byte of an

address (used with the BSR in Direct Addressing) or as

an 8-bit address in the Access Bank. Instead, the value

is interpreted as an offset value to an Address Pointer

specified by FSR2. The offset and the contents of

FSR2 are added to obtain the target address of the

operation.

6.6.2 INSTRUCTIONS AFFECTED BY

INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE

Any of the core PIC18 instructions that can use Direct

Addressing are potentially affected by the Indexed

Literal Offset Addressing mode. This includes all

byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions, or almost

one-half of the standard PIC18 instruction set. Instruc-

tions that only use Inherent or Literal Addressing

modes are unaffected.

Additionally, byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions

are not affected if they do not use the Access Bank

(Access RAM bit is ‘1’) or include a file address of 60h

or above. Instructions meeting these criteria will

continue to execute as before. A comparison of the dif-

ferent possible addressing modes when the extended

instruction set is enabled is shown in Figure 6-11.

Those who desire to use byte-oriented or bit-oriented

instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset mode should

note the changes to assembler syntax for this mode.

This is described in more detail in Section 25.2.1

“Extended Instruction Syntax”.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 6-11: COMPARING ADDRESSING OPTIONS FOR BIT-ORIENTED AND

BYTE-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS (EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET ENABLED)

EXAMPLE INSTRUCTION: ADDWF, f, d, a (Opcode: 0010 01da ffff ffff)

When a = 0 and f ≥ 60h:

The instruction executes in

Direct Forced mode. ‘f’ is

interpreted as a location in the

Access RAM between 060h

and FFFh. This is the same as

locations F60h to FFFh

(Bank 15) of data memory.

Locations below 060h are not

available in this addressing

mode.

When a = 0 and f ≤ 5Fh:

The instruction executes in

Indexed Literal Offset mode. ‘f’

is interpreted as an offset to the

address value in FSR2. The

two are added together to

obtain the address of the target

address can be anywhere in

the data memory space.

Note that in this mode, the

correct syntax is now:

ADDWF [k], d

where ‘k’ is the same as ‘f’.

When a = 1 (all values of f):

The instruction executes in

Direct mode (also known as

Direct Long mode). ‘f’ is

interpreted as a location in

one of the 16 banks of the data

memory space. The bank is

designated by the Bank Select

can be in any implemented

bank in the data memory

space.

000h

060h

100h

F00h

F60h

FFFh

Valid range

00h

60h

FFh

Data Memory

Access RAM

Bank 0

Bank 1

through

Bank 14

Bank 15

SFRs

000h

060h

100h

F00h

F60h

FFFh

Data Memory

Bank 0

Bank 1

through

Bank 14

Bank 15

SFRs

FSR2H FSR2L

ffffffff001001da

000h

060h

100h

F00h

F60h

FFFh

Data Memory

Bank 0

Bank 1

through

Bank 14

Bank 15

SFRs

for ‘f’

BSR

00000000

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

6.6.3 MAPPING THE ACCESS BANK IN

INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE

The use of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

effectively changes how the lower part of Access RAM

(00h to 5Fh) is mapped. Rather than containing just the

contents of the bottom part of Bank 0, this mode maps

the contents from Bank 0 and a user-defined “window”

that can be located anywhere in the data memory

space. The value of FSR2 establishes the lower bound-

ary of the addresses mapped into the window, while the

upper boundary is defined by FSR2 plus 95 (5Fh).

Addresses in the Access RAM above 5Fh are mapped

as previously described (see Section 6.3.2 “Access

Bank”). An example of Access Bank remapping in this

addressing mode is shown in Figure 6-12.

Remapping of the Access Bank applies only to opera-

tions using the Indexed Literal Offset mode. Operations

that use the BSR (Access RAM bit is ‘1’) will continue

to use Direct Addressing as before. Any Indirect or

Indexed Addressing operation that explicitly uses any

of the indirect file operands (including FSR2) will con-

tinue to operate as standard Indirect Addressing. Any

instruction that uses the Access Bank, but includes a

Addressing and the normal Access Bank map.

6.6.4 BSR IN INDEXED LITERAL

OFFSET MODE

Although the Access Bank is remapped when the

extended instruction set is enabled, the operation of the

BSR remains unchanged. Direct Addressing, using the

BSR to select the data memory bank, operates in the

same manner as previously described.

FIGURE 6-12: REMAPPING THE ACCESS BANK WITH INDEXED LITERAL

OFFSET ADDRESSING

Data Memory

000h

100h

200h

F60h

F00h

FFFh

Bank 1

Bank 15

Bank 2

through

Bank 14

SFRs

05Fh

ADDWF f, d, a

FSR2H:FSR2L = 120h

Locations in the region

from the FSR2 Pointer

(120h) to the pointer plus

05Fh (17Fh) are mapped

to the bottom of the

Access RAM (000h-05Fh).

Special Function Regis-

ters at F60h through FFFh

are mapped to 60h

through FFh, as usual.

Bank 0 addresses below

5Fh are not available in

this mode. They can still

be addressed by using the

BSR.

Access Bank

00h

FFh

Bank 0

SFRs

Bank 1 “Window”

Not Accessible

Window

Example Situation:

120h

17Fh

5Fh

60h

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.0 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

The Flash program memory is readable, writable and

erasable during normal operation over the entire VDD

range.

A read from program memory is executed on one byte

at a time. A write to program memory is executed on

blocks of 64 bytes at a time. Program memory is

erased in blocks of 1024 bytes at a time. A bulk erase

operation may not be issued from user code.

Writing or erasing program memory will cease

instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The

program memory cannot be accessed during the write

or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal

programming timer terminates program memory writes

and erases.

A value written to program memory does not need to be

a valid instruction. Executing a program memory

location that forms an invalid instruction results in a

NOP.

7.1 Table Reads and Table Writes

In order to read and write program memory, there are

two operations that allow the processor to move bytes

between the program memory space and the data RAM:

• Table Read (TBLRD)

• Table Write (TBLWT)

The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the

data RAM space is 8 bits wide. Table reads and table

writes move data between these two memory spaces

through an 8-bit register (TABLAT).

Table read operations retrieve data from program

memory and place it into the data RAM space.

Figure 7-1 shows the operation of a table read with

program memory and data RAM.

Table write operations store data from the data memory

space into holding registers in program memory. The

procedure to write the contents of the holding registers

into program memory is detailed in Section 7.5 “Writing

to Flash Program Memory”. Figure 7-2 shows the

operation of a table write with program memory and data

RAM.

Table operations work with byte entities. A table block

containing data, rather than program instructions, is not

required to be word-aligned. Therefore, a table block can

start and end at any byte address. If a table write is being

used to write executable code into program memory,

program instructions will need to be word-aligned.

FIGURE 7-1: TABLE READ OPERATION

Table Pointer(1)

Table Latch (8-bit)

Program Memory

TBLPTRH TBLPTRL

TABLAT

TBLPTRU

Instruction: TBLRD*

Note 1: The Table Pointer register points to a byte in program memory.

Program Memory

(TBLPTR)

Program Memo (TELFTR)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 7-2: TABLE WRITE OPERATION

7.2 Control Registers

Several control registers are used in conjunction with

the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These include the:

• EECON1 register

• EECON2 register

• TABLAT register

• TBLPTR registers

7.2.1 EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS

The EECON1 register (Register 7.2.2) is the control

not a physical register; it is used exclusively in the

memory write and erase sequences. Reading

EECON2 will read all ‘0’s.

The FREE bit, when set, will allow a program memory

erase operation. When FREE is set, the erase

operation is initiated on the next WR command. When

FREE is clear, only writes are enabled.

The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation.

On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is

set in hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared

when the internal programming timer expires and the

write operation is complete.

The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit

cannot be cleared, only set, in software. It is cleared in

hardware at the completion of the write operation.

Table Pointer(1) Table Latch (8-bit)

TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT

Program Memory

(TBLPTR)

TBLPTRU

Instruction: TBLWT*

Note 1: The Table Pointer actually points to one of 64 holding registers, the address of which is determined by

TBLPTRL<5:0>. The process for physically writing data to the program memory array is discussed in

Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.

Holding Registers

Program Memory

Note: During normal operation, the WRERR is

read as ‘1’. This can indicate that a write

operation was prematurely terminated by

a Reset, or a write operation was

attempted improperly.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-x R/W-0 R/S-0 U-0

— — — FREE WRERR WREN WR —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend: S = Settable bit

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4 FREE: Flash Erase Enable bit

1 = Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by

completion of erase operation)

0 = Perform write-only

bit 3 WRERR: Flash Program Error Flag bit

1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal

operation or an improper write attempt)

0 = The write operation completed

bit 2 WREN: Flash Program Write Enable bit

1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program memory

0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program memory

bit 1 WR: Write Control bit

1 = Initiates a program memory erase cycle or write cycle

(The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once the write is complete.

The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) in software.)

0 = Write cycle is complete

bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.2.2 TABLE LATCH REGISTER (TABLAT)

The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped

into the SFR space. The Table Latch register is used to

hold 8-bit data during data transfers between program

memory and data RAM.

7.2.3 TABLE POINTER REGISTER

(TBLPTR)

The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register addresses a byte

within the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised

of three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table

Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte

(TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three regis-

ters join to form a 22-bit wide pointer. The low-order

21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of

program memory space. The 22nd bit allows access to

the Device ID, the User ID and the Configuration bits.

The Table Pointer register, TBLPTR, is used by the

TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These instructions can

update the TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the

table operation. These operations are shown in

Table 7-1. These operations on the TBLPTR only affect

the low-order 21 bits.

7.2.4 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES

TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the

Flash program memory.

When a TBLRD is executed, all 22 bits of the TBLPTR

determine which byte is read from program memory

into TABLAT.

When a TBLWT is executed, the seven LSbs of the

Table Pointer register (TBLPTR<6:0>) determine which

of the 64 program memory holding registers is written

to. When the timed write to program memory begins

(via the WR bit), the 12 MSbs of the TBLPTR

(TBLPTR<21:10>) determine which program memory

block of 1024 bytes is written to. For more detail, see

Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.

When an erase of program memory is executed, the

12 MSbs of the Table Pointer register point to the

1024-byte block that will be erased. The Least

Significant bits are ignored.

Figure 7-3 describes the relevant boundaries of

TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations.

TABLE 7-1: TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS

FIGURE 7-3: TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION

Example Operation on Table Pointer

TBLRD*

TBLWT* TBLPTR is not modified

TBLRD*+

TBLWT*+ TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write

TBLRD*-

TBLWT*- TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write

TBLRD+*

TBLWT+* TBLPTR is incremented before the read/write

21 16 15 87 0

ERASE: TBLPTR<21:10>

TABLE WRITE: TBLPTR<21:6>

TABLE READ: TBLPTR<21:0>

TBLPTRLTBLPTRH

TBLPTRU

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.3 Reading the Flash Program

Memory

The TBLRD instruction is used to retrieve data from

program memory and places it into data RAM. Table

reads from program memory are performed one byte at

a time.

TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space.

Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into

TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified

automatically for the next table read operation.

The internal program memory is typically organized by

words. The Least Significant bit of the address selects

between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 7-4

shows the interface between the internal program

memory and the TABLAT.

FIGURE 7-4: READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

EXAMPLE 7-1: READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD

(Even Byte Address)

Program Memory

(Odd Byte Address)

TBLRD TABLAT

TBLPTR = xxxxx1

FETCH

Instruction Register

(IR) Read Register

TBLPTR = xxxxx0

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base

MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the word

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH

MOVWF TBLPTRH

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW

MOVWF TBLPTRL

READ_WORD

TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment

MOVF TABLAT, W ; get data

MOVWF WORD_EVEN

TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment

MOVF TABLAT, W ; get data

MOVF WORD_ODD

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.4 Erasing Flash Program Memory

The minimum erase block is 512 words or 1024 bytes.

Only through the use of an external programmer, or

through ICSP control, can larger blocks of program

memory be bulk erased. Word erase in the Flash array

is not supported.

When initiating an erase sequence from the micro-

controller itself, a block of 1024 bytes of program

memory is erased. The Most Significant 12 bits of the

TBLPTR<21:10> point to the block being erased.

TBLPTR<9:0> are ignored.

The EECON1 register commands the erase operation.

The WREN bit must be set to enable write operations.

The FREE bit is set to select an erase operation. For

protection, the write initiate sequence for EECON2

must be used.

A long write is necessary for erasing the internal Flash.

Instruction execution is halted while in a long write

cycle. The long write will be terminated by the internal

programming timer.

7.4.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

ERASE SEQUENCE

The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal

program memory location is:

1. Load Table Pointer register with the address of

the block being erased.

2. Set the WREN and FREE bits (EECON1<2,4>)

to enable the erase operation.

3. Disable interrupts.

4. Write 55h to EECON2.

5. Write 0AAh to EECON2.

6. Set the WR bit. This will begin the erase cycle.

7. The CPU will stall for duration of the erase for

TIE (see parameter D133B).

8. Re-enable interrupts.

EXAMPLE 7-2: ERASING FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; load TBLPTR with the base

MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH

MOVWF TBLPTRH

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW

MOVWF TBLPTRL

ERASE_BLOCK

BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory

BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable Erase operation

BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts

Required MOVLW 55h

Sequence MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h

MOVLW 0AAh

MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh

BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall)

BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.5 Writing to Flash Program Memory

The minimum programming block is 32 words or

64 bytes. Word or byte programming is not supported.

Table writes are used internally to load the holding

registers needed to program the Flash memory. There

are 64 holding registers used by the table writes for

programming.

Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte, the

TBLWT instruction may need to be executed 64 times for

each programming operation. All of the table write

operations will essentially be short writes because only

the holding registers are written. At the end of updating

the 64 holding registers, the EECON1 register must be

written to in order to start the programming operation

with a long write.

The long write is necessary for programming the inter-

nal Flash. Instruction execution is halted while in a long

write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the

internal programming timer.

The on-chip timer controls the write time. The

write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip

charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range

of the device.

FIGURE 7-5: TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

7.5.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE

SEQUENCE

The sequence of events for programming an internal

program memory location should be:

1. Read 1024 bytes into RAM.

2. Update data values in RAM as necessary.

3. Load Table Pointer register with address being

erased.

4. Execute the erase procedure.

5. Load Table Pointer register with address of first

byte being written, minus 1.

6. Write the 64 bytes into the holding registers with

auto-increment.

7. Set the WREN bit (EECON1<2>) to enable byte

writes.

8. Disable interrupts.

9. Write 55h to EECON2.

10. Write 0AAh to EECON2.

11. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle.

12. The CPU will stall for duration of the write for TIW

(see parameter D133A).

13. Re-enable interrupts.

14. Repeat steps 6 through 13 until all 1024 bytes

are written to program memory.

15. Verify the memory (table read).

An example of the required code is shown in

Example 7-3 on the following page.

Note 1: Unlike previous PIC devices, members of

the PIC18F87J10 family do not reset the

holding registers after a write occurs. The

holding registers must be cleared or

overwritten before a programming

sequence.

2: To maintain the endurance of the program

memory cells, each Flash byte should not

be programmed more than one time

between erase operations. Before

attempting to modify the contents of the

target cell a second time, a block erase,

or a bulk erase of the entire memory, must

be performed.

TABLAT

TBLPTR = xxxx3FTBLPTR = xxxxx1TBLPTR = xxxxx0

Write Register

TBLPTR = xxxxx2

Program Memory

Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register

88 8 8

Note: Before setting the WR bit, the Table

Pointer address needs to be within the

intended address range of the 64 bytes in

the holding register.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

EXAMPLE 7-3: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base address

MOVWF TBLPTRU ; of the memory block, minus 1

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH

MOVWF TBLPTRH

MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW

MOVWF TBLPTRL

ERASE_BLOCK

BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory

BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable Erase operation

BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts

MOVLW 55h

MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h

MOVLW 0AAh

MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh

BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall)

BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts

MOVLW D'16'

MOVWF WRITE_COUNTER ; Need to write 16 blocks of 64 to write

; one erase block of 1024

RESTART_BUFFER

MOVLW D'64'

MOVWF COUNTER

MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH ; point to buffer

MOVWF FSR0H

MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_LOW

MOVWF FSR0L

FILL_BUFFER

... ; read the new data from I2C, SPI,

; PSP, USART, etc.

WRITE_BUFFER

MOVLW D’64 ; number of bytes in holding register

MOVWF COUNTER

WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS

MOVFF POSTINC0, WREG ; get low byte of buffer data

MOVWF TABLAT ; present data to table latch

TBLWT+* ; write data, perform a short write

; to internal TBLWT holding register.

DECFSZ COUNTER ; loop until buffers are full

BRA WRITE_WORD_TO_HREGS

PROGRAM_MEMORY

BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory

BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts

MOVLW 55h

Required MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h

Sequence MOVLW 0AAh

MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh

BSF EECON1, WR ; start program (CPU stall)

BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts

BCF EECON1, WREN ; disable write to memory

DECFSZ WRITE_COUNTER ; done with one write cycle

BRA RESTART_BUFFER ; if not done replacing the erase block

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

7.5.2 WRITE VERIFY

Depending on the application, good programming

practice may dictate that the value written to the

memory should be verified against the original value.

This should be used in applications where excessive

writes can stress bits near the specification limit.

7.5.3 UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF

WRITE OPERATION

If a write is terminated by an unplanned event, such as

loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory

location just programmed should be verified and repro-

grammed if needed. If the write operation is interrupted

by a MCLR Reset or a WDT Time-out Reset during

normal operation, the user can check the WRERR bit

and rewrite the location(s) as needed.

7.6 Flash Program Operation During

Code Protection

See Section 24.6 “Program Verification and Code

Protection” for details on code protection of Flash

program memory.

TABLE 7-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values on

page

TBLPTRU —— bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>) 53

TBPLTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 53

TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 53

TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 53

INTCON

GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL

TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

EECON2 Program Memory Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 55

EECON1 — — — FREE WRERR WREN WR —55

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during program memory access.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

/E /WRL WRH %\ 5‘ %\

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.0 EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS

The external memory bus allows the device to access

external memory devices (such as Flash, EPROM,

SRAM, etc.) as program or data memory. It supports

both 8 and 16-Bit Data Width modes and three address

widths of up to 20 bits.

The bus is implemented with 28 pins, multiplexed

across four I/O ports. Three ports (PORTD, PORTE

and PORTH) are multiplexed with the address/data bus

for a total of 20 available lines, while PORTJ is

multiplexed with the bus control signals.

A list of the pins and their functions is provided in

Table 8-1.

TABLE 8-1: PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 EXTERNAL BUS – I/O PORT FUNCTIONS

Note: The external memory bus is not

implemented on 64-pin devices.

Name Port Bit External Memory Bus Function

RD0/AD0 PORTD 0 Address Bit 0 Or Data Bit 0

RD1/AD1 PORTD 1 Address Bit 1 Or Data Bit 1

RD2/AD2 PORTD 2 Address Bit 2 Or Data Bit 2

RD3/AD3 PORTD 3 Address Bit 3 Or Data Bit 3

RD4/AD4 PORTD 4 Address Bit 4 Or Data Bit 4

RD5/AD5 PORTD 5 Address Bit 5 Or Data Bit 5

RD6/AD6 PORTD 6 Address Bit 6 Or Data Bit 6

RD7/AD7 PORTD 7 Address Bit 7 Or Data Bit 7

RE0/AD8 PORTE 0 Address Bit 8 Or Data Bit 8

RE1/AD9 PORTE 1 Address Bit 9 Or Data Bit 9

RE2/AD10 PORTE 2 Address Bit 10 Or Data Bit 10

RE3/AD11 PORTE 3 Address Bit 11 Or Data Bit 11

RE4/AD12 PORTE 4 Address Bit 12 Or Data Bit 12

RE5/AD13 PORTE 5 Address Bit 13 Or Data Bit 13

RE6/AD14 PORTE 6 Address Bit 14 Or Data Bit 14

RE7/AD15 PORTE 7 Address Bit 15 Or Data Bit 15

RH0/A16 PORTH 0 Address Bit 16

RH1/A17 PORTH 1 Address Bit 17

RH2/A18 PORTH 2 Address Bit 18

RH3/A19 PORTH 3 Address Bit 19

RJ0/ALE PORTJ 0 Address Latch Enable (ALE) Control Pin

RJ1/OE PORTJ 1 Output Enable (OE) Control Pin

RJ2/WRL PORTJ 2 Write Low (WRL) Control Pin

RJ3/WRH PORTJ 3 Write High (WRH) Control Pin

RJ4/BA0 PORTJ 4 Byte Address Bit 0 (BA0)

RJ5/CE PORTJ 5 Chip Enable (CE) Control Pin

RJ6/LB PORTJ 6 Lower Byte Enable (LB) Control Pin

RJ7/UB PORTJ 7 Upper Byte Enable (UB) Control Pin

Note: For the sake of clarity, only I/O port and external bus assignments are shown here. One or more additional

multiplexed features may be available on some pins.

WRH Byte Se‘ect mode. TABLAT dam copied on bolh M38 and LSB‘ WRH and (T or E 7 J WRH WRL

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.1 External Memory Bus Control

The operation of the interface is controlled by the

MEMCON register (Register 8-1). This register is

available in all program memory operating modes

except Microcontroller mode. In this mode, the register

is disabled and cannot be written to.

The EBDIS bit (MEMCON<7>) controls the operation

of the bus and related port functions. Clearing EBDIS

enables the interface and disables the I/O functions of

the ports, as well as any other functions multiplexed to

those pins. Setting the bit enables the I/O ports and

other functions, but allows the interface to override

everything else on the pins when an external memory

operation is required. By default, the external bus is

always enabled and disables all other I/O.

The operation of the EBDIS bit is also influenced by the

program memory mode being used. This is discussed

in more detail in Section 8.5 “Program Memory

Modes and the External Memory Bus”.

The WAIT bits allow for the addition of wait states to

external memory operations. The use of these bits is

discussed in Section 8.3 “Wait States”.

The WM bits select the particular operating mode used

when the bus is operating in 16-Bit Data Width mode.

These are discussed in more detail in Section 8.6

“16-Bit Data Width Modes”. These bits have no effect

when an 8-Bit Data Width mode is selected.

R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

EBDIS —WAIT1WAIT0——WM1WM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend: S = Settable bit

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 EBDIS: External Bus Disable bit

1 = External bus enabled when microcontroller accesses external memory; otherwise, all external bus

drivers are mapped as I/O ports

0 = External bus always enabled, I/O ports are disabled

bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4 WAIT<1:0>: Table Reads and Writes Bus Cycle Wait Count bits

11 = Table reads and writes will wait 0 TCY

10 = Table reads and writes will wait 1 TCY

01 = Table reads and writes will wait 2 TCY

00 = Table reads and writes will wait 3 TCY

bit 3-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0

bit 1-0 WM<1:0>: TBLWT Operation with 16-Bit Data Bus Width Select bits

1x = Word Write mode: TABLAT0 and TABLAT1 word output; WRH active when TABLAT1 written

01 = Byte Select mode: TABLAT data copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH and (UB or LB) will activate

00 = Byte Write mode: TABLAT data copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH or WRL will activate

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.2 Address and Data Width

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices can be indepen-

dently configured for different address and data widths

on the same memory bus. Both address and data width

are set by Configuration bits in the CONFIG3L register.

As Configuration bits, this means that these options

can only be configured by programming the device and

are not controllable in software.

The BW bit selects an 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width.

Setting this bit (default) selects a data width of 16 bits.

The EMB<1:0> bits determine both the program

memory operating mode and the address bus width.

The available options are 20-bit, 16-bit and 12-bit, as

well as Microcontroller mode (external bus disabled).

Selecting a 16-bit or 12-bit width makes a correspond-

ing number of high-order lines available for I/O

functions. These pins are no longer affected by the

setting of the EBDIS bit. For example, selecting a

16-Bit Addressing mode (EMB<1:0> = 01) disables

A<19:16> and allows PORTH<3:0> to function without

interruptions from the bus. Using the smaller address

widths allows users to tailor the memory bus to the size

of the external memory space for a particular design

while freeing up pins for dedicated I/O operation.

Because the EMB bits have the effect of disabling pins

for memory bus operations, it is important to always

select an address width at least equal to the data width.

If a 12-bit address width is used with a 16-bit data

width, the upper four bits of data will not be available on

the bus.

All combinations of address and data widths require

multiplexing of address and data information on the

same lines. The address and data multiplexing, as well

as I/O ports made available by the use of smaller

address widths, are summarized in Table 8-2.

8.2.1 ADDRESS SHIFTING ON THE

EXTERNAL BUS

By default, the address presented on the external bus

is the value of the PC. In practical terms, this means

that addresses in the external memory device below

the top of on-chip memory are unavailable to the micro-

controller. To access these physical locations, the glue

logic between the microcontroller and the external

memory must somehow translate addresses.

To simplify the interface, the external bus offers an

extension of Extended Microcontroller mode that

automatically performs address shifting. This feature is

controlled by the EASHFT Configuration bit. Setting

this bit offsets addresses on the bus by the size of the

microcontroller’s on-chip program memory and sets

the bottom address at 0000h. This allows the device to

use the entire range of physical addresses of the

external memory.

8.2.2 21-BIT ADDRESSING

As an extension of 20-bit address width operation, the

external memory bus can also fully address a 2-Mbyte

memory space. This is done by using the Bus Address

bit 0 (BA0) control line as the Least Significant bit of the

address. The UB and LB control signals may also be

used with certain memory devices to select the upper

and lower bytes within a 16-bit wide data word.

This addressing mode is available in both 8-Bit and

certain 16-Bit Data Width modes. Additional details are

provided in Section 8.6.3 “16-Bit Byte Select Mode”

and Section 8.7 “8-Bit Mode”.

TABLE 8-2: ADDRESS AND DATA LINES FOR DIFFERENT ADDRESS AND DATA WIDTHS

Data Width Address Width

Multiplexed Data and

Address Lines (and

Corresponding Ports)

Address Only Lines (and

Corresponding Ports)

Ports Available

for I/O

8-Bit

12-Bit

AD<7:0>

(PORTD<7:0>)

AD<11:8>

(PORTE<3:0>)

PORTE<7:4>,

All of PORTH

16-Bit AD<15:8>

(PORTE<7:0>) All of PORTH

20-Bit

A<19:16>, AD<15:8>

(PORTH<3:0>,

PORTE<7:0>)

—

16-Bit

16-Bit AD<15:0>

(PORTD<7:0>,

PORTE<7:0>)

— All of PORTH

20-Bit A<19:16>

(PORTH<3:0>) —

, RE WRH WRL E LB

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.3 Wait States

While it may be assumed that external memory devices

will operate at the microcontroller clock rate, this is

often not the case. In fact, many devices require longer

times to write or retrieve data than the time allowed by

the execution of table read or table write operations.

To compensate for this, the external memory bus can

be configured to add a fixed delay to each table opera-

tion using the bus. Wait states are enabled by setting

the WAIT Configuration bit. When enabled, the amount

of delay is set by the WAIT<1:0> bits (MEMCON<5:4>).

The delay is based on multiples of microcontroller

instruction cycle time and are added following the

instruction cycle when the table operation is executed.

The range is from no delay to 3 TCY (default value).

8.4 Port Pin Weak Pull-ups

With the exception of the upper address lines,

A<19:16>, the pins associated with the external

memory bus are equipped with weak pull-ups. The

pull-ups are controlled by the upper three bits of the

PORTG register. They are named RDPU, REPU and

RJPU and control pull-ups on PORTD, PORTE and

PORTJ, respectively. Clearing one of these bits

enables the corresponding pull-ups for that port. All

pull-ups are disabled by default on all device Resets.

8.5 Program Memory Modes and the

External Memory Bus

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices is capable of

operating in one of two program memory modes, using

combinations of on-chip and external program memory.

The functions of the multiplexed port pins depend on

the program memory mode selected, as well as the

setting of the EBDIS bit.

In Microcontroller Mode, the bus is not active and the

pins have their port functions only. Writes to the

MEMCOM register are not permitted. The Reset value

of EBDIS (‘0’) is ignored and EMB pins behave as I/O

ports.

In Extended Microcontroller Mode, the external

program memory bus shares I/O port functions on the

pins. When the device is fetching or doing table

read/table write operations on the external program

memory space, the pins will have the external bus

function.

If the device is fetching and accessing internal program

memory locations only, the EBDIS control bit will

change the pins from external memory to I/O port

functions. When EBDIS = 0, the pins function as the

external bus. When EBDIS = 1, the pins function as I/O

ports.

If the device fetches or accesses external memory

while EBDIS = 1, the pins will switch to external bus. If

the EBDIS bit is set by a program executing from exter-

nal memory, the action of setting the bit will be delayed

until the program branches into the internal memory. At

that time, the pins will change from external bus to I/O

ports.

If the device is executing out of internal memory when

EBDIS = 0, the memory bus address/data and control

pins will not be active. They will go to a state where the

active address/data pins are tri-state; the CE, OE,

WRH, WRL, UB and LB signals are ‘1’ and ALE and

BA0 are ‘0’. Note that only those pins associated with

the current address width are forced to tri-state; the

other pins continue to function as I/O. In the case of

16-bit address width, for example, only AD<15:0>

(PORTD and PORTE) are affected; A<19:16>

(PORTH<3:0>) continue to function as I/O.

In all external memory modes, the bus takes priority

over any other peripherals that may share pins with it.

This includes the Parallel Slave Port and serial commu-

nications modules which would otherwise take priority

over the I/O port.

8.6 16-Bit Data Width Modes

In 16-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory

interface can be connected to external memories in

three different configurations:

• 16-Bit Byte Write

• 16-Bit Word Write

• 16-Bit Byte Select

The configuration to be used is determined by the

WM<1:0> bits in the MEMCON register

(MEMCON<1:0>). These three different configurations

allow the designer maximum flexibility in using both

8-bit and 16-bit devices with 16-bit data.

For all 16-bit modes, the Address Latch Enable (ALE)

pin indicates that the address bits, AD<15:0>, are avail-

able on the external memory interface bus. Following

the address latch, the Output Enable signal (OE) will

enable both bytes of program memory at once to form

a 16-bit instruction word. The Chip Enable signal (CE)

is active at any time that the microcontroller accesses

external memory, whether reading or writing; it is

inactive (asserted high) whenever the device is in

Sleep mode.

In Byte Select mode, JEDEC standard Flash memories

will require BA0 for the byte address line and one I/O

line to select between Byte and Word mode. The other

16-bit modes do not need BA0. JEDEC standard static

RAM memories will use the UB or LB signals for byte

selection.

WRH WRL V Iv

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.6.1 16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE

Figure 8-1 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Write

mode for PIC18F87J10 family devices. This mode is

used for two separate 8-bit memories connected for

16-bit operation. This generally includes basic EPROM

and Flash devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide

external memories.

During a TBLWT instruction cycle, the TABLAT data is

presented on the upper and lower bytes of the

AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate WRH or WRL control

line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.

FIGURE 8-1: 16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE EXAMPLE

AD<7:0>

A<19:16>(1)

ALE

D<15:8>

373 A<x:0>

D<7:0>

A<19:0> A<x:0>

D<7:0>

373

WRH

OE OE

WR(2) WR(2)

CE CE

Note 1: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.

2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.

WRL

D<7:0>

(LSB)

(MSB)

PIC18F8XJ10

D<7:0>

AD<15:8>

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Lines

WRH

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.6.2 16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE

Figure 8-2 shows an example of 16-Bit Word Write

mode for PIC18F65J10 devices. This mode is used for

word-wide memories which include some of the

EPROM and Flash type memories. This mode allows

opcode fetches and table reads from all forms of 16-bit

memory and table writes to any type of word-wide

external memories. This method makes a distinction

between TBLWT cycles to even or odd addresses.

During a TBLWT cycle to an even address

(TBLPTR<0> = 0), the TABLAT data is transferred to a

holding latch and the external address data bus is

tri-stated for the data portion of the bus cycle. No write

signals are activated.

During a TBLWT cycle to an odd address

(TBLPTR<0> = 1), the TABLAT data is presented on

the upper byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The contents of

the holding latch are presented on the lower byte of the

AD<15:0> bus.

The WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the

WRL pin is unused. The signal on the BA0 pin indicates

the LSb of the TBLPTR, but it is left unconnected.

Instead, the UB and LB signals are active to select both

bytes. The obvious limitation to this method is that the

table write must be done in pairs on a specific word

boundary to correctly write a word location.

FIGURE 8-2: 16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE EXAMPLE

AD<7:0>

PIC18F8XJ10

AD<15:8>

ALE

373 A<20:1>

373

WRH

A<19:16>(1)

A<x:0>

D<15:0>

OE WR(2)

D<15:0>

JEDEC Word

EPROM Memory

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Lines

Note 1: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.

2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.

WRH WRL WORD > a —’ 7 -> + 7 7—» i > 9*

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.6.3 16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE

Figure 8-3 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Select

mode. This mode allows table write operations to

word-wide external memories with byte selection

capability. This generally includes both word-wide

Flash and SRAM devices.

During a TBLWT cycle, the TABLAT data is presented

on the upper and lower byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The

WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the WRL

pin is not used. The BA0 or UB/LB signals are used to

select the byte to be written, based on the Least

Significant bit of the TBLPTR register.

Flash and SRAM devices use different control signal

combinations to implement Byte Select mode. JEDEC

standard Flash memories require that a controller I/O

port pin be connected to the memory’s BYTE/WORD

pin to provide the select signal. They also use the BA0

signal from the controller as a byte address. JEDEC

standard static RAM memories, on the other hand, use

the UB or LB signals to select the byte.

FIGURE 8-3: 16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE EXAMPLE

AD<7:0>

PIC18F8XJ10

AD<15:8>

ALE

373 A<20:1>

373

WRH

A<19:16>(2)

WRL

BA0

JEDEC Word

A<x:1>

D<15:0>

A<20:1>

D<15:0>

I/O

OE WR(1)

BYTE/WORD

FLASH Memory

JEDEC Word

A<x:1>

D<15:0>

OE WR(1)

SRAM Memory

138(3)

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Lines

Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.

2: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address width.

3: Demultiplexing is only required when multiple memory devices are accessed.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.6.4 16-BIT MODE TIMING

The presentation of control signals on the external

memory bus is different for the various operating

modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in

Figure 8-4 and Figure 8-5.

FIGURE 8-4: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD (EXTENDED

MICROCONTROLLER MODE)

FIGURE 8-5: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP (EXTENDED

MICROCONTROLLER MODE)

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

A<19:16>

ALE

AD<15:0>

Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch

TBLRD *

TBLRD Cycle 1

ADDLW 55h

from 000100h

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

0Ch

CF33h

TBLRD 92h

from 199E67h

9256h

from 000104h

Memory

Cycle

Instruction

Execution INST(PC – 2) TBLRD Cycle 2

MOVLW 55h

from 000102h

MOVLW

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

A<19:16>

ALE

3AAAh

AD<15:0>

00h 00h

Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch

SLEEP

from 007554h

Bus Inactive

0003h

3AABh

0E55h

Memory

Cycle

Instruction

Execution INST(PC – 2)

Sleep Mode,

MOVLW 55h

from 007556h

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.7 8-Bit Mode

In 8-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory bus

operates only in Multiplexed mode; that is, data shares

the 8 Least Significant bits of the address bus.

Figure 8-6 shows an example of 8-Bit Multiplexed

mode for 80-pin devices. This mode is used for a single

8-bit memory connected for 16-bit operation. The

instructions will be fetched as two 8-bit bytes on a

shared data/address bus. The two bytes are sequen-

tially fetched within one instruction cycle (TCY).

Therefore, the designer must choose external memory

devices according to timing calculations based on

1/2 TCY (2 times the instruction rate). For proper mem-

ory speed selection, glue logic propagation delay times

must be considered, along with setup and hold times.

The Address Latch Enable (ALE) pin indicates that the

address bits, AD<15:0>, are available on the external

memory interface bus. The Output Enable signal (OE)

will enable one byte of program memory for a portion of

the instruction cycle, then BA0 will change and the

second byte will be enabled to form the 16-bit instruc-

tion word. The Least Significant bit of the address, BA0,

must be connected to the memory devices in this

mode. The Chip Enable signal (CE) is active at any

time that the microcontroller accesses external

memory, whether reading or writing. It is inactive

(asserted high) whenever the device is in Sleep mode.

This generally includes basic EPROM and Flash

devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide external

memories.

During a TBLWT instruction cycle, the TABLAT data is

presented on the upper and lower bytes of the

AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate level of the BA0 control

line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.

FIGURE 8-6: 8-BIT MULTIPLEXED MODE EXAMPLE

AD<7:0>

A<19:16>(1)

ALE D<15:8>

373 A<19:0> A<x:1>

D<7:0>

OE WR(2)

Note 1: Upper order address bits are only used for 20-bit address width. The upper AD byte is used for all

address widths except 8-bit.

2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.

WRL

D<7:0>

PIC18F8XJ10

AD<15:8>(1)

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Lines

BA0

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.7.1 8-BIT MODE TIMING

The presentation of control signals on the external

memory bus is different for the various operating

modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in

Figure 8-7 and Figure 8-8.

FIGURE 8-7: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD (EXTENDED

MICROCONTROLLER MODE)

FIGURE 8-8: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP (EXTENDED

MICROCONTROLLER MODE)

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

A<19:16>

ALE

AD<7:0>

Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch

TBLRD *

TBLRD Cycle 1

ADDLW 55h

from 000100h

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

0Ch

33h

TBLRD 92h

from 199E67h

92h

from 000104h

Memory

Cycle

Instruction

Execution INST(PC – 2) TBLRD Cycle 2

MOVLW 55h

from 000102h

MOVLW

AD<15:8> CFh

Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4

A<19:16>

ALE

AAh

AD<7:0>

00h 00h

Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch

SLEEP

from 007554h

Bus Inactive

00h ABh 55h

Memory

Cycle

Instruction

Execution INST(PC – 2)

Sleep Mode,

MOVLW 55h

from 007556h

AD<15:8> 3Ah 3Ah

03h 0Eh

BA0

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

8.8 Operation in Power-Managed

Modes

In alternate power-managed Run modes, the external

bus continues to operate normally. If a clock source

with a lower speed is selected, bus operations will run

at that speed. In these cases, excessive access times

for the external memory may result if wait states have

been enabled and added to external memory opera-

tions. If operations in a lower power Run mode are

anticipated, users should provide in their applications

for adjusting memory access times at the lower clock

speeds.

In Sleep and Idle modes, the microcontroller core does

not need to access data; bus operations are

suspended. The state of the external bus is frozen, with

the address/data pins and most of the control pins hold-

ing at the same state they were in when the mode was

invoked. The only potential changes are the CE, LB

and UB pins, which are held at logic high.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

9.0 8 x 8 HARDWARE MULTIPLIER

9.1 Introduction

All PIC18 devices include an 8 x 8 hardware multiplier

as part of the ALU. The multiplier performs an unsigned

operation and yields a 16-bit result that is stored in the

product register pair, PRODH:PRODL. The multiplier’s

operation does not affect any flags in the STATUS

Making multiplication a hardware operation allows it to

be completed in a single instruction cycle. This has the

advantages of higher computational throughput and

reduced code size for multiplication algorithms and

allows the PIC18 devices to be used in many applica-

tions previously reserved for digital signal processors.

A comparison of various hardware and software

multiply operations, along with the savings in memory

and execution time, is shown in Table 9-1.

9.2 Operation

Example 9-1 shows the instruction sequence for an 8 x 8

unsigned multiplication. Only one instruction is required

when one of the arguments is already loaded in the

WREG register.

Example 9-2 shows the sequence to do an 8 x 8 signed

multiplication. To account for the sign bits of the argu-

ments, each argument’s Most Significant bit (MSb) is

tested and the appropriate subtractions are done.

EXAMPLE 9-1: 8 x 8 UNSIGNED

MULTIPLY ROUTINE

EXAMPLE 9-2: 8 x 8 SIGNED MULTIPLY

ROUTINE

TABLE 9-1: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLY OPERATIONS

MOVF ARG1, W ;

MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 ->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVF ARG1, W

MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 ->

; PRODH:PRODL

BTFSC ARG2, SB ; Test Sign Bit

SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH

; - ARG1

MOVF ARG2, W

BTFSC ARG1, SB ; Test Sign Bit

SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH

; - ARG2

Routine Multiply Method

Program

Memory

(Words)

Cycles

(Max)

Time

@ 40 MHz @ 10 MHz @ 4 MHz

8 x 8 unsigned Without Hardware Multiply 13 69 6.9 μs27.6 μs69 μs

Hardware Multiply 1 1 100 ns 400 ns 1 μs

8 x 8 signed Without Hardware Multiply 33 91 9.1 μs36.4 μs91 μs

Hardware Multiply 6 6 600 ns 2.4 μs6 μs

16 x 16 unsigned Without Hardware Multiply 21 242 24.2 μs96.8 μs242 μs

Hardware Multiply 28 28 2.8 μs 11.2 μs28 μs

16 x 16 signed Without Hardware Multiply 52 254 25.4 μs 102.6 μs254 μs

Hardware Multiply 35 40 4.0 μs16.0 μs40 μs

ﬂT

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Example 9-3 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16

unsigned multiplication. Equation 9-1 shows the

algorithm that is used. The 32-bit result is stored in four

registers (RES3:RES0).

EQUATION 9-1: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED

MULTIPLICATION

ALGORITHM

EXAMPLE 9-3: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED

MULTIPLY ROUTINE

Example 9-4 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16

signed multiply. Equation 9-2 shows the algorithm

used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers

(RES3:RES0). To account for the sign bits of the

arguments, the MSb for each argument pair is tested

and the appropriate subtractions are done.

EQUATION 9-2: 16 x 16 SIGNED

MULTIPLICATION

ALGORITHM

EXAMPLE 9-4: 16 x 16 SIGNED

MULTIPLY ROUTINE

RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L • ARG2H:ARG2L

= (ARG1H • ARG2H • 216) +

(ARG1H • ARG2L • 28) +

(ARG1L • ARG2H • 28) +

(ARG1L • ARG2L)

MOVF ARG1L, W

MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ;

MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ;

;

MOVF ARG1H, W

MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ;

MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ;

;

MOVF ARG1L, W

MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVF PRODL, W ;

ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross

MOVF PRODH, W ; products

ADDWFC RES2, F ;

CLRF WREG ;

ADDWFC RES3, F ;

;

MOVF ARG1H, W ;

MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVF PRODL, W ;

ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross

MOVF PRODH, W ; products

ADDWFC RES2, F ;

CLRF WREG ;

ADDWFC RES3, F ;

RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L • ARG2H:ARG2L

= (ARG1H • ARG2H • 216) +

(ARG1H • ARG2L • 28) +

(ARG1L • ARG2H • 28) +

(ARG1L • ARG2L) +

(-1 • ARG2H<7> • ARG1H:ARG1L • 216) +

(-1 • ARG1H<7> • ARG2H:ARG2L • 216)

MOVF ARG1L, W

MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L ->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ;

MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ;

;

MOVF ARG1H, W

MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H ->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ;

MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ;

;

MOVF ARG1L, W

MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H ->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVF PRODL, W ;

ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross

MOVF PRODH, W ; products

ADDWFC RES2, F ;

CLRF WREG ;

ADDWFC RES3, F ;

;

MOVF ARG1H, W ;

MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L ->

; PRODH:PRODL

MOVF PRODL, W ;

ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross

MOVF PRODH, W ; products

ADDWFC RES2, F ;

CLRF WREG ;

ADDWFC RES3, F ;

;

BTFSS ARG2H, 7 ; ARG2H:ARG2L neg?

BRA SIGN_ARG1 ; no, check ARG1

MOVF ARG1L, W ;

SUBWF RES2 ;

MOVF ARG1H, W ;

SUBWFB RES3

;

SIGN_ARG1

BTFSS ARG1H, 7 ; ARG1H:ARG1L neg?

BRA CONT_CODE ; no, done

MOVF ARG2L, W ;

SUBWF RES2 ;

MOVF ARG2H, W ;

SUBWFB RES3

;

CONT_CODE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.0 INTERRUPTS

Members of the PIC18F87J10 family of devices have

multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority

feature that allows most interrupt sources to be

assigned a high-priority level or a low-priority level. The

high-priority interrupt vector is at 0008h and the

low-priority interrupt vector is at 0018h. High-priority

interrupt events will interrupt any low-priority interrupts

that may be in progress.

There are thirteen registers which are used to control

interrupt operation. These registers are:

• RCON

•INTCON

• INTCON2

• INTCON3

• PIR1, PIR2, PIR3

• PIE1, PIE2, PIE3

• IPR1, IPR2, IPR3

It is recommended that the Microchip header files

supplied with MPLAB® IDE be used for the symbolic bit

names in these registers. This allows the

assembler/compiler to automatically take care of the

placement of these bits within the specified register.

In general, interrupt sources have three bits to control

their operation. They are:

•Flag bit to indicate that an interrupt event

occurred

•Enable bit that allows program execution to

branch to the interrupt vector address when the

flag bit is set

•Priority bit to select high priority or low priority

The interrupt priority feature is enabled by setting the

IPEN bit (RCON<7>). When interrupt priority is

enabled, there are two bits which enable interrupts

globally. Setting the GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) enables all

interrupts that have the priority bit set (high priority).

Setting the GIEL bit (INTCON<6>) enables all

interrupts that have the priority bit cleared (low priority).

When the interrupt flag, enable bit and appropriate

global interrupt enable bit are set, the interrupt will

vector immediately to address 0008h or 0018h,

depending on the priority bit setting. Individual

interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding

enable bits.

When the IPEN bit is cleared (default state), the

interrupt priority feature is disabled and interrupts are

compatible with PIC® mid-range devices. In

Compatibility mode, the interrupt priority bits for each

source have no effect. INTCON<6> is the PEIE bit

which enables/disables all peripheral interrupt sources.

INTCON<7> is the GIE bit which enables/disables all

interrupt sources. All interrupts branch to address

0008h in Compatibility mode.

When an interrupt is responded to, the global interrupt

enable bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. If the

IPEN bit is cleared, this is the GIE bit. If interrupt priority

levels are used, this will be either the GIEH or GIEL bit.

High-priority interrupt sources can interrupt a

low-priority interrupt. Low-priority interrupts are not

processed while high-priority interrupts are in progress.

The return address is pushed onto the stack and the

PC is loaded with the interrupt vector address (0008h

or 0018h). Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the

source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling

the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bits must be

cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to

avoid recursive interrupts.

The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits

the interrupt routine and sets the GIE bit (GIEH or GIEL

if priority levels are used) which re-enables interrupts.

For external interrupt events, such as the INTx pins or

the PORTB input change interrupt, the interrupt latency

will be three to four instruction cycles. The exact

latency is the same for one or two-cycle instructions.

Individual interrupt flag bits are set regardless of the

status of their corresponding enable bit or the GIE bit.

Note: Do not use the MOVFF instruction to modify

any of the interrupt control registers while

any interrupt is enabled. Doing so may

cause erratic microcontroller behavior.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 10-1: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INTERRUPT LOGIC

TMR0IE

GIE/GIEH

PEIE/GIEL

Wake-up if in

Interrupt to CPU

Vector to Location

0008h

INT2IF

INT2IE

INT2IP

INT1IF

INT1IE

INT1IP

TMR0IF

TMR0IE

TMR0IP

RBIF

RBIE

RBIP

IPEN

TMR0IF

TMR0IP

INT1IF

INT1IE

INT1IP

INT2IF

INT2IE

INT2IP

RBIF

RBIE

RBIP

INT0IF

INT0IE

PEIE/GIEL

Interrupt to CPU

Vector to Location

IPEN

0018h

PIR1<7:0>

PIE1<7:0>

IPR1<7:0>

High-Priority Interrupt Generation

Low-Priority Interrupt Generation

Idle or Sleep modes

GIE/GIEH

INT3IF

INT3IE

INT3IP

INT3IF

INT3IE

INT3IP

PIR2<7:6, 3:0>

PIE2<7:6, 3:0>

IPR2<7:6, 3:0>

PIR3<7, 0>

PIE3<7, 0>

IPR3<7, 0>

PIR1<7:0>

PIE1<7:0>

IPR1<7:0>

PIR2<7:6, 3:0>

PIE2<7:6, 3:0>

IPR2<7:6, 3:0>

PIR3<7, 0>

PIE3<7, 0>

IPR3<7, 0>

IPEN

Fm W When IPEN : 1. When IPEN : 0. When IPEN : 1.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.1 INTCON Registers

The INTCON registers are readable and writable

registers which contain various enable, priority and flag

bits.

Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt

condition occurs regardless of the state of

its corresponding enable bit or the global

interrupt enable bit. User software should

ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits

are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.

This feature allows for software polling.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x

GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF(1)

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 GIE/GIEH: Global Interrupt Enable bit

When IPEN = 0:

1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts

0 = Disables all interrupts

When IPEN = 1:

1 = Enables all high-priority interrupts

0 = Disables all interrupts

bit 6 PEIE/GIEL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit

When IPEN = 0:

1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts

0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts

When IPEN = 1:

1 = Enables all low-priority peripheral interrupts

0 = Disables all low-priority peripheral interrupts

bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt

bit 4 INT0IE: INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the INT0 external interrupt

0 = Disables the INT0 external interrupt

bit 3 RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt

0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt

bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)

0 = TMR0 register did not overflow

bit 1 INT0IF: INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The INT0 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = The INT0 external interrupt did not occur

bit 0 RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit(1)

1 = At least one of the RB<7:4> pins changed state (must be cleared in software)

0 = None of the RB<7:4> pins have changed state

Note 1: A mismatch condition will continue to set this bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow

the bit to be cleared.

‘ RBPU

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit

1 = All PORTB pull-ups are disabled

0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values

bit 6 INTEDG0: External Interrupt 0 Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge

0 = Interrupt on falling edge

bit 5 INTEDG1: External Interrupt 1 Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge

0 = Interrupt on falling edge

bit 4 INTEDG2: External Interrupt 2 Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge

0 = Interrupt on falling edge

bit 3 INTEDG3: External Interrupt 3 Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge

0 = Interrupt on falling edge

bit 2 TMR0IP: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 1 INT3IP: INT3 External Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 0 RBIP: RB Port Change Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding

enable bit or the global interrupt enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits

are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 INT2IP: INT2 External Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 6 INT1IP: INT1 External Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 5 INT3IE: INT3 External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the INT3 external interrupt

0 = Disables the INT3 external interrupt

bit 4 INT2IE: INT2 External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the INT2 external interrupt

0 = Disables the INT2 external interrupt

bit 3 INT1IE: INT1 External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the INT1 external interrupt

0 = Disables the INT1 external interrupt

bit 2 INT3IF: INT3 External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The INT3 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = The INT3 external interrupt did not occur

bit 1 INT2IF: INT2 External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The INT2 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = The INT2 external interrupt did not occur

bit 0 INT1IF: INT1 External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The INT1 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = The INT1 external interrupt did not occur

Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding

enable bit or the global interrupt enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits

are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.

Capture mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.2 PIR Registers

The PIR registers contain the individual flag bits for the

peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral

interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral Interrupt

Request (Flag) registers (PIR1, PIR2, PIR3).

Note 1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt

condition occurs regardless of the state of

its corresponding enable bit or the Global

Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>).

2: User software should ensure the

appropriate interrupt flag bits are cleared

prior to enabling an interrupt and after

servicing that interrupt.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 PSPIF: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit

1 = A read or write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)

0 = No read or write has occurred

bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit

1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)

0 = The A/D conversion is not complete

bit 5 RC1IF: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The EUSART1 receive buffer, RCREGx, is full (cleared when RCREGx is read)

0 = The EUSART1 receive buffer is empty

bit 4 TX1IF: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer, TXREGx, is empty (cleared when TXREGx is written)

0 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer is full

bit 3 SSP1IF: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)

0 = Waiting to transmit/receive

bit 2 CCP1IF: ECCP1 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred

Compare mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred

PWM mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred

bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)

0 = TMR1 register did not overflow

Capture mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

OSCFIF CMIF ——BCL1IF — TMR3IF CCP2IF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 OSCFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit

1 = Device oscillator failed, clock input has changed to INTRC (must be cleared in software)

0 = Device clock operating

bit 6 CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit

1 = Comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)

0 = Comparator input has not changed

bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3 BCL1IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP1 module)

1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No bus collision occurred

bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 TMR3IF: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR3 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)

0 = TMR3 register did not overflow

bit 0 CCP2IF: ECCP2 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred

Compare mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1 or TMR3 register compare match occurred

PWM mode:

Unused in this mode.

Caglure mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode. Caglure mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode. Caglure mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SSP2IF: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)

0 = Waiting to transmit/receive

bit 6 BCL2IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP2 module)

1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No bus collision occurred

bit 5 RC2IF: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The EUSART2 Receive Buffer, RCREGx, is full (cleared when RCREGx is read)

0 = The EUSART2 Receive Buffer is empty

bit 4 TX2IF: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The EUSART2 Transmit Buffer, TXREGx, is empty (cleared when TXREGx is written)

0 = The EUSART2 Transmit Buffer is full

bit 3 TMR4IF: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR4 to PR4 match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR4 to PR4 match occurred

bit 2 CCP5IF: CCP5 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred

Compare mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred

PWM mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 1 CCP4IF: CCP4 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred

Compare mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred

PWM mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 0 CCP3IF: ECCP3 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred

Compare mode:

1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred

PWM mode:

Unused in this mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.3 PIE Registers

The PIE registers contain the individual enable bits for

the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of

peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral

Interrupt Enable registers (PIE1, PIE2, PIE3). When

IPEN = 0, the PEIE bit must be set to enable any of

these peripheral interrupts.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 PSPIE: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the PSP read/write interrupt

0 = Disables the PSP read/write interrupt

bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the A/D interrupt

0 = Disables the A/D interrupt

bit 5 RC1IE: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the EUSART1 receive interrupt

0 = Disables the EUSART1 receive interrupt

bit 4 TX1IE: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt

0 = Disables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt

bit 3 SSP1IE: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the MSSP1 interrupt

0 = Disables the MSSP1 interrupt

bit 2 CCP1IE: ECCP1 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the ECCP1 interrupt

0 = Disables the ECCP1 interrupt

bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt

bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

OSCFIE CMIE — —BCL1IE — TMR3IE CCP2IE

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 OSCFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 6 CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 = Disabled

bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3 BCL1IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP1 module)

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 TMR3IE: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 0 CCP2IE: ECCP2 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SSP2IE: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 6 BCL2IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP2 module)

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 5 RC2IE: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 4 TX2IE: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 3 TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 2 CCP5IE: CCP5 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 1 CCP4IE: CCP4 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

bit 0 CCP3IE: ECCP3 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enabled

0 =Disabled

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.4 IPR Registers

The IPR registers contain the individual priority bits for

the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of

peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral

Interrupt Priority registers (IPR1, IPR2, IPR3). Using

the priority bits requires that the Interrupt Priority

Enable (IPEN) bit be set.

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 PSPIP: Parallel Port Read/Write Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 6 ADIP: A/D Converter Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 5 RC1IP: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 4 TX1IP: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 3 SSP1IP: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 2 CCP1IP: ECCP1 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 1 TMR2IP: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 0 TMR1IP: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1

OSCFIP CMIP ——BCL1IP — TMR3IP CCP2IP

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 OSCFIP: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 6 CMIP: Comparator Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3 BCL1IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP1 module)

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 TMR3IP: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 0 CCP2IP: ECCP2 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SSP2IP: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 6 BCL2IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP2 module)

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 5 RC2IP: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 4 TX2IP: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 3 TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 2 CCP5IP: CCP5 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 1 CCP4IP: CCP4 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

bit 0 CCP3IP: ECCP3 Interrupt Priority bit

1 = High priority

0 = Low priority

POR BOR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.5 RCON Register

The RCON register contains bits used to determine the

cause of the last Reset or wake-up from Idle or Sleep

modes. RCON also contains the bit that enables

interrupt priorities (IPEN).

R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0

IPEN ——RITO PD POR BOR

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit

1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts

0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)

bit 6-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit

For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.

bit 3 TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit

For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.

bit 2 PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit

For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.

bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2)

For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.

bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit

For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

10.6 INTx Pin Interrupts

External interrupts on the RB0/INT0, RB1/INT1,

RB2/INT2 and RB3/INT3 pins are edge-triggered. If the

corresponding INTEDGx bit in the INTCON2 register is

set (= 1), the interrupt is triggered by a rising edge; if

the bit is clear, the trigger is on the falling edge. When

a valid edge appears on the RBx/INTx pin, the

corresponding flag bit, INTxIF, is set. This interrupt can

be disabled by clearing the corresponding enable bit,

INTxIE. Flag bit, INTxIF, must be cleared in software in

the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling the

interrupt.

All external interrupts (INT0, INT1, INT2 and INT3) can

wake-up the processor from the power-managed

modes if bit, INTxIE, was set prior to going into the

power-managed modes. If the Global Interrupt Enable

bit, GIE, is set, the processor will branch to the interrupt

vector following wake-up.

Interrupt priority for INT1, INT2 and INT3 is determined

by the value contained in the interrupt priority bits,

INT1IP (INTCON3<6>), INT2IP (INTCON3<7>) and

INT3IP (INTCON2<1>). There is no priority bit

associated with INT0. It is always a high-priority

interrupt source.

10.7 TMR0 Interrupt

In 8-bit mode (which is the default), an overflow in the

TMR0 register (FFh →00h) will set flag bit, TMR0IF. In

16-bit mode, an overflow in the TMR0H:TMR0L register

pair (FFFFh →0000h) will set TMR0IF. The interrupt

can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit,

TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). Interrupt priority for Timer0 is

determined by the value contained in the interrupt prior-

ity bit, TMR0IP (INTCON2<2>). See Section 12.0

“Timer0 Module” for further details on the Timer0

module.

10.8 PORTB Interrupt-on-Change

An input-on-change PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF

(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled

by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE (INTCON<3>).

Interrupt priority for PORTB interrupt-on-change is

determined by the value contained in the interrupt

priority bit, RBIP (INTCON2<0>).

10.9 Context Saving During Interrupts

During interrupts, the return PC address is saved on

the stack. Additionally, the WREG, STATUS and BSR

registers are saved on the fast return stack. If a fast

return from interrupt is not used (see Section 6.3

“Data Memory Organization”), the user may need to

save the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers on entry

to the Interrupt Service Routine. Depending on the

user’s application, other registers may also need to be

saved. Example 10-1 saves and restores the WREG,

STATUS and BSR registers during an Interrupt Service

Routine.

EXAMPLE 10-1: SAVING STATUS, WREG AND BSR REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF W_TEMP ; W_TEMP is in virtual bank

MOVFF STATUS, STATUS_TEMP ; STATUS_TEMP located anywhere

MOVFF BSR, BSR_TEMP ; BSR_TMEP located anywhere

;

; USER ISR CODE

;

MOVFF BSR_TEMP, BSR ; Restore BSR

MOVF W_TEMP, W ; Restore WREG

MOVFF STATUS_TEMP, STATUS ; Restore STATUS

RD TR‘S /\ J L L TRIS La‘ch

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.0 I/O PORTS

Depending on the device selected and features

enabled, there are up to nine ports available. Some

pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate

function from the peripheral features on the device. In

general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not

be used as a general purpose I/O pin.

Each port has three registers for its operation. These

registers are:

• TRIS register (Data Direction register)

• PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the

device)

• LAT register (Output Latch register)

The Output Latch (LAT register) is useful for

read-modify-write operations on the value that the I/O

pins are driving.

A simplified model of a generic I/O port, without the

interfaces to other peripherals, is shown in Figure 11-1.

FIGURE 11-1: GENERIC I/O PORT

OPERATION

11.1 I/O Port Pin Capabilities

When developing an application, the capabilities of the

port pins must be considered. Outputs on some pins

have higher output drive strength than others. Similarly,

some pins can tolerate higher than VDD input levels.

11.1.1 PIN OUTPUT DRIVE

The output pin drive strengths vary for groups of pins

intended to meet the needs for a variety of applications.

PORTB and PORTC are designed to drive higher

loads, such as LEDs. The external memory interface

ports (PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ) are designed to

drive medium loads. All other ports are designed for

small loads, typically indication only. Table 11-1 sum-

marizes the output capabilities. Refer to Section 27.0

“Electrical Characteristics” for more details.

TABLE 11-1: OUTPUT DRIVE LEVELS

Data

Bus

WR LAT

WR TRIS

RD Port

Data Latch

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS

Input

Buffer

I/O pin(1)

RD LAT

or Port

Port Drive Description

PORTA Minimum Intended for indication.

PORTF

PORTG

PORTH(1)

PORTD Medium Sufficient drive levels for

external memory interfacing

as well as indication.

PORTE

PORTJ(1)

PORTB High Suitable for direct LED drive

levels.

PORTC

Note 1: These ports are not available on 64-pin

devices.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.1.2 INPUT PINS AND VOLTAGE

CONSIDERATIONS

The voltage tolerance of pins used as device inputs is

dependent on the pin’s input function. Pins that are used

as digital only inputs are able to handle DC voltages up

to 5.5V, a level typical for digital logic circuits. In contrast,

pins that also have analog input functions of any kind

can only tolerate voltages up to VDD. Voltage excursions

beyond VDD on these pins should be avoided.

Table 11-2 summarizes the input capabilities. Refer to

Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for more

details.

TABLE 11-2: INPUT VOLTAGE LEVELS

11.2 PORTA, TRISA and

LATA Registers

PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISA. Setting a

TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin

an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a

high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will

make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put

the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the

pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the port latch.

The Output Latch register (LATA) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATA

PORTA.

The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module

clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The other

PORTA pins are multiplexed with the analog VREF+ and

VREF- inputs. The operation of pins RA<5:0> as A/D

Converter inputs is selected by clearing or setting the

PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.

The RA4/T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. All other

PORTA pins have TTL input levels and full CMOS

output drivers.

The TRISA register controls the direction of the PORTA

pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs.

The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are

maintained set when using them as analog inputs.

EXAMPLE 11-1: INITIALIZING PORTA

Port or Pin Tolerated

Input Description

PORTA<5:0> VDD Only VDD input levels

tolerated.

PORTC<1:0>

PORTF<6:1>

PORTH<7:4>(1)

PORTB<7:0> 5.5V Tolerates input levels

above VDD, useful for

most standard logic.

PORTC<7:2>

PORTD<7:0>

PORTE<7:0>

PORTF<7>

PORTG<4:0>

PORTH<3:0>(1)

PORTJ<7:0>(1)

Note 1: These ports are not available on 64-pin

devices.

Note: RA5 and RA<3:0> are configured as

analog inputs on any Reset and are read

as ‘0’. RA4 is configured as a digital input.

CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATA ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 07h ; Configure A/D

MOVWF ADCON1 ; for digital inputs

MOVWF 07h ; Configure comparators

MOVWF CMCON ; for digital input

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<3:0> as inputs

; RA<5:4> as outputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-3: PORTA FUNCTIONS

TABLE 11-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RA0/AN0 RA0 0O DIG LATA<0> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I TTL PORTA<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN0 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 0. Default input configuration on POR; does not

affect digital output.

RA1/AN1 RA1 0O DIG LATA<1> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I TTL PORTA<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN1 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 1. Default input configuration on POR; does not

affect digital output.

RA2/AN2/VREF-RA2 0O DIG LATA<2> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when

CVREF output enabled.

1I TTL PORTA<2> data input. Disabled when analog functions enabled;

disabled when CVREF output enabled.

AN2 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 2 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input

configuration on POR; not affected by analog output.

VREF-1I ANA A/D and Comparator low reference voltage input.

RA3/AN3/VREF+RA3 0O DIG LATA<3> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I TTL PORTA<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN3 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 3. Default input configuration on POR.

VREF+1I ANA A/D high reference voltage input.

RA4/T0CKI RA4 0O DIG LATA<4> data output.

1I ST PORTA<4> data input; default configuration on POR.

T0CKI xI ST Timer0 clock input.

RA5/AN4 RA5 0O DIG LATA<5> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I TTL PORTA<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN4 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 4. Default configuration on POR.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTA —— RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 56

LATA —— LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 56

TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 56

ADCON1 — — VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 54

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.

RBPU

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.3 PORTB, TRISB and

LATB Registers

PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISB. Setting a

TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

All pins on PORTB are digital only and tolerate voltages

up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATB) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATB

PORTB.

EXAMPLE 11-2: INITIALIZING PORTB

Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A

single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is

performed by clearing bit, RBPU (INTCON2<7>). The

weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port

pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are

disabled on a Power-on Reset.

Four of the PORTB pins (RB<7:4>) have an

interrupt-on-change feature. Only pins configured as

inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any

RB<7:4> pin configured as an output is excluded from

the interrupt-on-change comparison). The input pins (of

RB<7:4>) are compared with the old value latched on

the last read of PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of

RB<7:4> are ORed together to generate the RB Port

Change Interrupt with Flag bit, RBIF (INTCON<0>).

This interrupt can wake the device from

power-managed modes. The user, in the Interrupt

Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following

manner:

a) Any read or write of PORTB (except with the

MOVFF (ANY), PORTB instruction). This will

end the mismatch condition.

b) Clear flag bit, RBIF.

A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, RBIF.

Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and

allow flag bit, RBIF, to be cleared.

The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for

wake-up on key depression operation and operations

where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change

feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while

using the interrupt-on-change feature.

For 80-pin devices, RB3 can be configured as the

alternate peripheral pin for the ECCP2 module and

Enhanced PWM Output 2A by clearing the CCP2MX

Configuration bit. This applies only to 80-pin devices

operating in Extended Microcontroller mode. If the

device is in Microcontroller mode, the alternate

assignment for ECCP2 is RE7. As with other ECCP2

configurations, the user must ensure that the TRISB<3>

bit is set appropriately for the intended operation.

CLRF PORTB ; Initialize PORTB by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATB ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISB ; Set RB<3:0> as inputs

; RB<5:4> as outputs

; RB<7:6> as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-5: PORTB FUNCTIONS

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RB0/INT0/FLT0 RB0 0O DIG LATB<0> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<0> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

INT0 1I ST External Interrupt 0 input.

FLT0 1I ST Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP1 module); enabled in software.

RB1/INT1 RB1 0O DIG LATB<1> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<1> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

INT1 1I ST External Interrupt 1 input.

RB2/INT2 RB2 0O DIG LATB<2> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<2> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

INT2 1I ST External Interrupt 2 input.

RB3/INT3/

ECCP2/P2A

RB3 0O DIG LATB<3> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<3> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

INT3 1I ST External Interrupt 3 input.

ECCP2(1) 0O DIG CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over port data.

1I ST CCP2 capture input.

P2A(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for

tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port

data.

RB4/KBI0 RB4 0O DIG LATB<4> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<4> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

KBI0 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.

RB5/KBI1 RB5 0O DIG LATB<5> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<5> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

KBI1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.

RB6/KBI2/PGC RB6 0O DIG LATB<6> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<6> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

KBI2 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.

PGC xI ST Serial execution (ICSP™) clock input for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)

RB7/KBI3/PGD RB7 0O DIG LATB<7> data output.

1I TTL PORTB<7> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.

KBI3 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.

PGD xO DIG Serial execution data output for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)

xI ST Serial execution data input for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode,

80-pin devices only); default assignment is RC1.

2: All other pin functions are disabled when ICSP or ICD are enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 56

LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 56

TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 56

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

INTCON2 RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP 53

INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF 53

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.4 PORTC, TRISC and

LATC Registers

PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISC. Setting a

TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

Only PORTC pins, RC2 through RC7, are digital only

pins and can tolerate input voltages up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATC) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATC

PORTC.

PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions

(Table 11-7). The pins have Schmitt Trigger input

buffers. RC1 is normally configured by Configuration

bit, CCP2MX, as the default peripheral pin for the

ECCP2 module and enhanced PWM output, P2A

(default state, CCP2MX = 1).

When enabling peripheral functions, care should be

taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some

peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output,

while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a

pin an input. The user should refer to the corresponding

peripheral section for the correct TRIS bit settings.

The contents of the TRISC register are affected by

peripheral overrides. Reading TRISC always returns

the current contents, even though a peripheral device

may be overriding one or more of the pins.

EXAMPLE 11-3: INITIALIZING PORTC

Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs

on any device Reset.

CLRF PORTC ; Initialize PORTC by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATC ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISC ; Set RC<3:0> as inputs

; RC<5:4> as outputs

; RC<7:6> as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-7: PORTC FUNCTIONS

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O Type Description

RC0/T1OSO/

T13CKI

RC0 0O DIG LATC<0> data output.

1I ST PORTC<0> data input.

T1OSO xO ANA Timer1 oscillator output; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables

digital I/O.

T13CKI 1I ST Timer1/Timer3 counter input.

RC1/T1OSI/

ECCP2/P2A

RC1 0O DIG LATC<1> data output.

1I ST PORTC<1> data input.

T1OSI xI ANA Timer1 oscillator input; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables

digital I/O.

ECCP2(1) 0O DIG CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over port data.

1I ST CCP2 capture input.

P2A(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state

during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.

RC2/ECCP1/

P1A

RC2 0O DIG LATC<2> data output.

1I ST PORTC<2> data input.

ECCP1 0O DIG CCP1 compare output and CCP1 PWM output; takes priority over port data.

1I ST CCP1 capture input.

P1A 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state

during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.

RC3/SCK1/

SCL1

RC3 0O DIG LATC<3> data output.

1I ST PORTC<3> data input.

SCK1 0O DIG SPI clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.

1I ST SPI clock input (MSSP1 module).

SCL1 0ODIGI

2C™ clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.

1II

2C/SMB I2C clock input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.

RC4/SDI1/

SDA1

RC4 0O DIG LATC<4> data output.

1I ST PORTC<4> data input.

SDI1 1I ST SPI data input (MSSP1 module).

SDA1 1ODIGI

2C data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.

1II

2C/SMB I2C data input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.

RC5/SDO1 RC5 0O DIG LATC<5> data output.

1I ST PORTC<5> data input.

SDO1 0O DIG SPI data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.

RC6/TX1/CK1 RC6 0O DIG LATC<6> data output.

1I ST PORTC<6> data input.

TX1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over port data.

CK1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as

an input.

1I ST Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART1 module).

RC7/RX1/DT1 RC7 0O DIG LATC<7> data output.

1I ST PORTC<7> data input.

RX1 1I ST Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART1 module).

DT1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over port

data.

1I ST Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as

an input.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I2C™/SMB = I2C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Out-

put, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden

for this option).

Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 56

LATC LATC7 LATBC6 LATC5 LATCB4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 56

TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 56

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.5 PORTD, TRISD and

LATD Registers

PORTD is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISD. Setting a

TRISD bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTD

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISD bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTD pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

All pins on PORTD are digital only and tolerate voltages

up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATD) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATD

PORTD.

All pins on PORTD are implemented with Schmitt

Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output.

On 80-pin devices, PORTD is multiplexed with the

system bus as part of the external memory interface.

I/O port and other functions are only available when the

interface is disabled by setting the EBDIS bit

(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,

PORTD is the low-order byte of the multiplexed

address/data bus (AD<7:0>). The TRISD bits are also

overridden.

Each of the PORTD pins has a weak internal pull-up.

The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known

state for the external memory interface while powering

up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This

is performed by clearing bit, RDPU (PORTG<7>). The

weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port

pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are

disabled on all device Resets.

PORTD can also be configured to function as an 8-bit

wide, parallel microprocessor port by setting the

PSPMODE control bit (PSPCON<4>). In this mode,

parallel port data takes priority over other digital I/O (but

not the external memory interface). When the parallel

port is active, the input buffers are TTL. For more

information, refer to Section 11.11 “Parallel Slave

Port”.

EXAMPLE 11-4: INITIALIZING PORTD

Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs

on any device Reset.

CLRF PORTD ; Initialize PORTD by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATD ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISD ; Set RD<3:0> as inputs

; RD<5:4> as outputs

; RD<7:6> as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O Type Description

RD0/AD0/PSP0 RD0 0O DIG LATD<0> data output.

1I ST PORTD<0> data input.

AD0(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 0 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 0 input.(1)

PSP0 O DIG PSP read output data (LATD<0>); takes priority over port data.

I TTL PSP write data input.

RD1/AD1/PSP1 RD1 0O DIG LATD<1> data output.

1I ST PORTD<1> data input.

AD1(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 1 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 1 input.(1)

PSP1 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<1>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

RD2/AD2/PSP2 RD2 0O DIG LATD<2> data output.

1I ST PORTD<2> data input.

AD2(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 2 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 2 input.(1)

PSP2 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<2>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

RD3/AD3/PSP3 RD3 0O DIG LATD<3> data output.

1I ST PORTD<3> data input.

AD3(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 3 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 3 input.(1)

PSP3 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<3>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

RD4/AD4/

PSP4/SDO2

RD4 0O DIG LATD<4> data output.

1I ST PORTD<4> data input.

AD4(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 4 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 4 input.(1)

PSP4 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<4>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

SDO2 0O DIG SPI data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.

RD5/AD5/

PSP5/SDI2/

SDA2

RD5 0O DIG LATD<5> data output.

1I ST PORTD<5> data input.

AD5(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 5 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 5 input.(1)

PSP5 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<5>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

SDI2 1I ST SPI data input (MSSP2 module).

SDA2 1ODIGI

2C™ data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.

1II

2C/SMB I2C data input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module

setting.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I2C™/SMB = I2C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital

Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is

overridden for this option).

Note 1: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.

2: Available on 80-pin devices only.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD

RD6/AD6/

PSP6/SCK2/

SCL2

RD6 0O DIG LATD<6> data output.

1I ST PORTD<6> data input.

AD6(2) xO DIG-3 External memory interface, address/data bit 6 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 6 input.(1)

PSP6 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<6>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

SCK2 0O DIG SPI clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.

1I ST SPI clock input (MSSP2 module).

SCL2 0ODIGI

2C™ clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.

1II

2C/SMB I2C clock input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module

setting.

RD7/AD7/

PSP7/SS2

RD7 0O DIG LATD<7> data output.

1I ST PORTD<7> data input.

AD7(2) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 7 output.(1)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 7 input.(1)

PSP7 xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<7>); takes priority over port data.

xI TTL PSP write data input.

SS2 xI TTL Slave select input for MSSP (MSSP2 module).

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 56

LATD LATD7 LATD6 LATD5 LATD4 LATD3 LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 56

TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4TRISD3TRISD2TRISD1TRISD0 56

PORTG RDPU REPU RJPU(1) RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 56

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.

Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.

TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O Type Description

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I2C™/SMB = I2C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital

Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is

overridden for this option).

Note 1: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.

2: Available on 80-pin devices only.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.6 PORTE, TRISE and

LATE Registers

PORTE is a 7-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISE. Setting a

TRISE bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTE

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISE bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTE pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

All pins on PORTE are digital only and tolerate voltages

up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATE) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATE

PORTE.

All pins on PORTE are implemented with Schmitt

Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output.

On 80-pin devices, PORTE is multiplexed with the

system bus as part of the external memory interface.

I/O port and other functions are only available when the

interface is disabled, by setting the EBDIS bit

(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,

PORTE is the high-order byte of the multiplexed

address/data bus (AD<15:8>). The TRISE bits are also

overridden.

Each of the PORTE pins has a weak internal pull-up.

The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known

state for the external memory interface while powering

up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This

is performed by clearing bit, REPU (PORTG<6>). The

weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port

pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are

disabled on any device Reset.

PORTE is also multiplexed with Enhanced PWM

outputs B and C for ECCP1 and ECCP3 and outputs B,

C and D for ECCP2. For all devices, their default

assignments are on PORTE<6:3>. On 80-pin devices,

the multiplexing for the outputs of ECCP1 and ECCP3

is controlled by the ECCPMX Configuration bit.

Clearing this bit reassigns the P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C

outputs to PORTH.

For devices operating in Microcontroller mode, pin RE7

can be configured as the alternate peripheral pin for the

ECCP2 module and Enhanced PWM output 2A. This is

done by clearing the CCP2MX Configuration bit.

When the Parallel Slave Port is active on PORTD, three

of the PORTE pins (RE0, RE1 and RE2) are configured

as digital control inputs for the port. The control

functions are summarized in Table 11-11. The reconfig-

uration occurs automatically when the PSPMODE

control bit (PSPCON<4>) is set. Users must still make

certain the corresponding TRISE bits are set to

configure these pins as digital inputs.

EXAMPLE 11-5: INITIALIZING PORTE

Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs

on any device Reset.

CLRF PORTE ; Initialize PORTE by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATE ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 03h ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISE ; Set RE<1:0> as inputs

; RE<7:2> as outputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RE0/AD8/RD/

P2D

RE0 0O DIG LATE<0> data output.

1I ST PORTE<0> data input.

AD8(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 8 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 8 input.(2)

RD 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port read enable control input.

P2D 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE1/AD9/WR/

P2C

RE1 0O DIG LATE<1> data output.

1I ST PORTE<1> data input.

AD9(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 9 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 9 input.(2)

WR 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port write enable control input.

P2C 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE2/AD10/CS/

P2B

RE2 0O DIG LATE<2> data output.

1I ST PORTE<2> data input.

AD10(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 10 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 10 input.(2)

CS 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port chip select control input.

P2B 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE3/AD11/

P3C

RE3 0O DIG LATE<3> data output.

1I ST PORTE<3> data input.

AD11(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 11 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 11 input.(2)

P3C(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE4/AD12/

P3B

RE4 0O DIG LATE<4> data output.

1I ST PORTE<4> data input.

AD12(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 12 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 12 input.(2)

P3B(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE5/AD13/

P1C

RE5 0O DIG LATE<5> data output.

1I ST PORTE<5> data input.

AD13(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 13 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 13 input.(2)

P1C(1) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Note 1: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin devices only).

2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.

3: Available on 80-pin devices only.

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (all devices in Microcontroller mode).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-12: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE

RE6/AD14/

P1B

RE6 0O DIG LATE<6> data output.

1I ST PORTE<6> data input.

AD14(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 14 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 14 input.(2)

P1B(1) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RE7/AD15/

ECCP2/P2A

RE7 0O DIG LATE<7> data output.

1I ST PORTE<7> data input.

AD15(3) xO DIG External memory interface, address/data bit 15 output.(2)

xI TTL External memory interface, data bit 15 input.(2)

ECCP2(4) 0O DIG CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over

port data.

1I ST CCP2 capture input.

P2A(4) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port

and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTE RE7 RE6 RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 56

LATE LATE7 LATE6 LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 56

TRISE TRISE7 TRISE6 TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 56

PORTG RDPU REPU RJPU(1) RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 56

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.

Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.

TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Note 1: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin devices only).

2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.

3: Available on 80-pin devices only.

4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (all devices in Microcontroller mode).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.7 PORTF, LATF and TRISF Registers

PORTF is a 7-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISF. Setting a

TRISF bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTF pin

an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a

high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISF bit (= 0) will

make the corresponding PORTF pin an output (i.e., put

the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

Only pin 7 of PORTF has no analog input; it is the only

pin that can tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATF) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATF

PORTF.

All pins on PORTF are implemented with Schmitt

Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output.

PORTF is multiplexed with several analog peripheral

functions, including the A/D Converter and comparator

inputs, as well as the comparator outputs. Pins, RF2

through RF6, may be used as comparator inputs or

outputs by setting the appropriate bits in the CMCON

necessary to turn off the comparators.

EXAMPLE 11-6: INITIALIZING PORTF

Note 1: On device Resets, pins, RF<6:1>, are

configured as analog inputs and are read

as ‘0’.

2: To configure PORTF as digital I/O, turn off

comparators and set ADCON1 value.

CLRF PORTF ; Initialize PORTF by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATF ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 07h ;

MOVWF CMCON ; Turn off comparators

MOVLW 0Fh;

MOVWF ADCON1 ; Set PORTF as digital I/O

MOVLW 0CEh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISF ; Set RF3:RF1 as inputs

; RF5:RF4 as outputs

; RF7:RF6 as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-13: PORTF FUNCTIONS

TABLE 11-14: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTF

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RF1/AN6/

C2OUT

RF1 0O DIG LATF<1> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I ST PORTF<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN6 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 6. Default configuration on POR.

C2OUT 0O DIG Comparator 2 output; takes priority over port data.

RF2/AN7/

C1OUT

RF2 0O DIG LATF<2> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I ST PORTF<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN7 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 7. Default configuration on POR.

C1OUT 0O TTL Comparator 1 output; takes priority over port data.

RF3/AN8 RF3 0O DIG LATF<3> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I ST PORTF<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN8 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 8 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input

configuration on POR; not affected by analog output.

RF4/AN9 RF4 0O DIG LATF<4> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I ST PORTF<4> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN9 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 9 and Comparator C2- input. Default input

configuration on POR; does not affect digital output.

RF5/AN10/

CVREF

RF5 0O DIG LATF<5> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when

CVREF output enabled.

1I ST PORTF<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Disabled

when CVREF output enabled.

AN10 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 10 and Comparator C1+ input. Default input

configuration on POR.

CVREF xO ANA Comparator voltage reference output. Enabling this feature disables

digital I/O.

RF6/AN11 RF6 0O DIG LATF<6> data output; not affected by analog input.

1I ST PORTF<6> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.

AN11 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 11 and Comparator C1- input. Default input

configuration on POR; does not affect digital output.

RF7/SS1 RF7 0O DIG LATF<7> data output.

1I ST PORTF<7> data input.

SS11I TTL Slave select input for MSSP (MSSP1 module).

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Name Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 —56

LATF LATF7 LATF6 LATF5 LATF4 LATF3 LATF2 LATF1 —56

TRISF TRISF7TRISF6TRISF5TRISF4TRISF3TRISF2TRISF1 —56

ADCON1 — — VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 54

CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 55

CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 55

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTF.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.8 PORTG, TRISG and

LATG Registers

PORTG is a 5-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISG. Setting a

TRISG bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTG

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISG bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTG pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

All pins on PORTG are digital only and tolerate

voltages up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATG) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATG

PORTG.

PORTG is multiplexed with EUSART2 functions

(Table 11-15). PORTG pins have Schmitt Trigger input

buffers.

When enabling peripheral functions, care should be

taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTG pin. Some

peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an

output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to

make a pin an input. The user should refer to the

corresponding peripheral section for the correct TRIS

bit settings. The pin override value is not loaded into

the TRIS register. This allows read-modify-write of the

TRIS register without concern due to peripheral

overrides.

Although the port is only five bits wide, PORTG<7:5>

bits are still implemented. These are used to control the

weak pull-ups on the I/O ports associated with the

external memory bus (PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ).

Setting these bits enables the pull-ups. Since these are

control bits and are not associated with port I/O, the

corresponding TRISG and LATG bits are not

implemented.

EXAMPLE 11-7: INITIALIZING PORTG

CLRF PORTG ; Initialize PORTG by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATG ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 04h ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISG ; Set RG1:RG0 as outputs

; RG2 as input

; RG4:RG3 as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-15: PORTG FUNCTIONS

TABLE 11-16: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTG

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RG0/ECCP3/

P3A

RG0 0O DIG LATG<0> data output.

1I ST PORTG<0> data input.

ECCP3 O DIG CCP3 compare and PWM output; takes priority over port data.

I ST CCP3 capture input.

P3A 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port and

PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RG1/TX2/CK2 R21 0O DIG LATG<1> data output.

1I ST PORTG<1> data input.

TX2 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over

port data.

CK2 1O DIG Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure

as an input.

1I ST Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART2 module).

RG2/RX2/DT2 RG2 0O DIG LATG<2> data output.

1I ST PORTG<2> data input.

RX2 1I ST Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART2 module).

DT2 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over

port data.

1I ST Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure

as an input.

RG3/CCP4/

P3D

RG3 0O DIG LATG<3> data output.

1I ST PORTG<3> data input.

CCP4 0O DIG CCP4 compare output and CCP4 PWM output; takes priority over port data.

1I ST CCP4 capture input.

P3D 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and

PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

RG4/CCP5/

P1D

RG4 0O DIG LATG<4> data output.

1I ST PORTG<4> data input.

CCP5 0O DIG CCP5 compare output and CCP5 PWM output; takes priority over port data.

1I ST CCP5 capture input.

P1D 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and

PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM

shutdown events.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values on

page

PORTG RDPU REPU RJPU(1) RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 56

LATG — — — LATG4 LATG3 LATG2 LATG1 LATG0 56

TRISG — — — TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTG.

Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.9 PORTH, LATH and

TRISH Registers

PORTH is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional I/O port. The cor-

responding Data Direction register is TRISH. Setting a

TRISH bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTH

pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in

a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISH bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTH pin an output (i.e.,

put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

PORTH<3:0> pins are digital only and tolerate voltages

up to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATH) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATH

PORTH.

All pins on PORTH are implemented with Schmitt

Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output.

When the external memory interface is enabled, four of

the PORTH pins function as the high-order address

lines for the interface. The address output from the

interface takes priority over other digital I/O. The

corresponding TRISH bits are also overridden.

PORTH pins, RH4 through RH7, are multiplexed with

analog converter inputs. The operation of these pins as

analog inputs is selected by clearing or setting the

PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.

PORTH can also be configured as the alternate

Enhanced PWM output Channels B and C for the

ECCP1 and ECCP3 modules. This is done by clearing

the ECCPMX Configuration bit.

EXAMPLE 11-8: INITIALIZING PORTH

Note: PORTH is available only on 80-pin

devices.

CLRF PORTH ; Initialize PORTH by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATH ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 0Fh ; Configure PORTH as

MOVWF ADCON1 ; digital I/O

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISH ; Set RH3:RH0 as inputs

; RH5:RH4 as outputs

; RH7:RH6 as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-17: PORTH FUNCTIONS

TABLE 11-18: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTH

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RH0/A16 RH0 0O DIG LATH<0> data output.

1I ST PORTH<0> data input.

A16 xO DIG External memory interface, address line 16. Takes priority over port data.

RH1/A17 RH1 0O DIG LATH<1> data output.

1I ST PORTH<1> data input.

A17 xO DIG External memory interface, address line 17. Takes priority over port data.

RH2/A18 RH2 0O DIG LATH<2> data output.

1I ST PORTH<2> data input.

A18 xO DIG External memory interface, address line 18. Takes priority over port data.

RH3/A19 RH3 0O DIG LATH<3> data output.

1I ST PORTH<3> data input.

A19 xO DIG External memory interface, address line 19. Takes priority over port data.

RH4/AN12/P3C RH4 0O DIG LATH<4> data output.

1I ST PORTH<4> data input.

AN12 I ANA A/D input channel 12. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect

digital output.

P3C(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP

data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.

RH5/AN13/P3B RH5 0O DIG LATH<5> data output.

1I ST PORTH<5> data input.

AN13 I ANA A/D input channel 13. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect

digital output.

P3B(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP

data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.

RH6/AN14/P1C RH6 0O DIG LATH<6> data output.

1I ST PORTH<6> data input.

AN14 I ANA A/D input channel 14. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect

digital output.

P1C(1) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP

data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.

RH7/AN15/P1B RH7 0O DIG LATH<7> data output.

1I ST PORTH<7> data input.

AN15 I ANA A/D input channel 15. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect

digital output.

P1B(1) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP

data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Note 1: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when the ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared. Default assignments

are PORTE<6:3>.

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTH RH7 RH6 RH5 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH1 RH0 56

LATH LATH7 LATH6 LATH5 LATH4 LATH3 LATH2 LATH1 LATH0 56

TRISH TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 56

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.10 PORTJ, TRISJ and

LATJ Registers

PORTJ is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISJ. Setting a

TRISJ bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTJ pin

an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a

high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISJ bit (= 0) will

make the corresponding PORTJ pin an output (i.e., put

the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). All

pins on PORTJ are digital only and tolerate voltages up

to 5.5V.

The Output Latch register (LATJ) is also memory

mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATJ

PORTJ.

All pins on PORTJ are implemented with Schmitt

Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output.

When the external memory interface is enabled, all of

the PORTJ pins function as control outputs for the

interface. This occurs automatically when the interface

is enabled by clearing the EBDIS control bit

(MEMCON<7>). The TRISJ bits are also overridden.

Each of the PORTJ pins has a weak internal pull-up.

The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known

state for the external memory interface while powering

up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This

is performed by clearing bit, RJPU (PORTG<5>). The

weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port

pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are

disabled on any device Reset.

EXAMPLE 11-9: INITIALIZING PORTJ

Note: PORTJ is available only on 80-pin devices.

Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs

on any device Reset.

CLRF PORTJ ; Initialize PORTG by

; clearing output

; data latches

CLRF LATJ ; Alternate method

; to clear output

; data latches

MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISJ ; Set RJ3:RJ0 as inputs

; RJ5:RJ4 as output

; RJ7:RJ6 as inputs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 11-19: PORTJ FUNCTIONS

TABLE 11-20: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTJ

Pin Name Function TRIS

Setting I/O I/O

Type Description

RJ0/ALE RJ0 0O DIG LATJ<0> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<0> data input.

ALE xO DIG External memory interface address latch enable control output; takes

priority over digital I/O.

RJ1/OE RJ1 0O DIG LATJ<1> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<1> data input.

OE xO DIG External memory interface output enable control output; takes priority

over digital I/O.

RJ2/WRL RJ2 0O DIG LATJ<2> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<2> data input.

WRL xO DIG External memory bus write low byte control; takes priority over

digital I/O.

RJ3/WRH RJ3 0O DIG LATJ<3> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<3> data input.

WRH xO DIG External memory interface write high byte control output; takes priority

over digital I/O.

RJ4/BA0 RJ4 0O DIG LATJ<4> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<4> data input.

BA0 xO DIG External memory interface byte address 0 control output; takes priority

over digital I/O.

RJ5/CE RJ5 0O DIG LATJ<5> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<5> data input.

CE xO DIG External memory interface chip enable control output; takes priority

over digital I/O.

RJ6/LB RJ6 0O DIG LATJ<6> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<6> data input.

LB xO DIG External memory interface lower byte enable control output; takes

priority over digital I/O.

RJ7/UB RJ7 0O DIG LATJ<7> data output.

1I ST PORTJ<7> data input.

UB xO DIG External memory interface upper byte enable control output; takes

priority over digital I/O.

Legend: PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,

TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTJ RJ7 RJ6 RJ5 RJ4 RJ3 RJ2 RJ1 RJ0 56

LATJ LATJ7 LATJ6 LATJ5 LATJ4 LATJ3 LATJ2 LATJ1 LATJ0 56

TRISJ TRISJ7 TRISJ6 TRISJ5 TRISJ4 TRISJ3 TRISJ2 TRISJ1 TRISJ0 56

PORTG RDPU REPU RJPU RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 56

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTJ.

e‘ect (e

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

11.11 Parallel Slave Port

PORTD can also function as an 8-bit wide Parallel

Slave Port, or microprocessor port, when control bit,

PSPMODE (PSPCON<4>), is set. It is asynchronously

readable and writable by the external world through RD

control input pin (RE0/RD) and WR control input pin

(RE1/WR).

The PSP can directly interface to an 8-bit micro-

processor data bus. The external microprocessor can

read or write the PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch. Setting

the PSPMODE bit enables port pin, RE0/RD, to be the

RD input, RE1/WR to be the WR input and RE2/CS to

be the CS (Chip Select) input. For this functionality, the

corresponding data direction bits of the TRISE register

(TRISE<2:0>) must be configured as inputs (set).

A write to the PSP occurs when both the CS and WR

lines are first detected low and ends when either are

detected high. The PSPIF and IBF flag bits are both set

when the write ends.

A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD

lines are first detected low. The data in PORTD is read

out and the OBF bit is set. If the user writes new data

to PORTD to set OBF, the data is immediately read out;

however, the OBF bit is not set.

When either the CS or RD lines are detected high, the

PORTD pins return to the input state and the PSPIF bit

is set. User applications should wait for PSPIF to be set

before servicing the PSP. When this happens, the IBF

and OBF bits can be polled and the appropriate action

taken.

The timing for the control signals in Write and Read

modes is shown in Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4,

respectively.

FIGURE 11-2: PORTD AND PORTE

BLOCK DIAGRAM

(PARALLEL SLAVE PORT)

Note: For 80-pin devices, the Parallel Slave Port

is available only in Microcontroller mode.

Data Bus

WR LATD

RDx

RD PORTD

One bit of PORTD

Set Interrupt Flag

PSPIF (PIR1<7>)

Read

Chip Select

Write

Note: I/O pin has protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

TTL

PORTD

RD LATD

Data Latch

TRIS Latch

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 11-3: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS

R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0

IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — — — —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit

1 = A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU

0 = No word has been received

bit 6 OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit

1 = The output buffer still holds a previously written word

0 = The output buffer has been read

bit 5 IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit

1 = A write occurred when a previously input word had not been read

(must be cleared in software)

0 = No overflow occurred

bit 4 PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit

1 = Parallel Slave Port mode

0 = General Purpose I/O mode

bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

IBF

OBF

PSPIF

PORTD<7:0>

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 11-4: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS

TABLE 11-21: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 56

LATD LATD7 LATD6 LATD5 LATD4 LATD3 LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 56

TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 56

PORTE RE7 RE6 RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 56

LATE LATE7 LATE6 LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 56

TRISE TRISE7 TRISE6 TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 56

PSPCON IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE ————55

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

IBF

PSPIF

OBF

PORTD<7:0>

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

12.0 TIMER0 MODULE

The Timer0 module incorporates the following features:

• Software-selectable operation as a timer or counter

in both 8-bit or 16-bit modes

• Readable and writable registers

• Dedicated 8-bit, software programmable

prescaler

• Selectable clock source (internal or external)

• Edge select for external clock

• Interrupt-on-overflow

The T0CON register (Register 12-1) controls all

aspects of the module’s operation, including the

prescale selection. It is both readable and writable.

A simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 8-bit

mode is shown in Figure 12-1. Figure 12-2 shows a

simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 16-bit

mode.

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 TMR0ON: Timer0 On/Off Control bit

1 = Enables Timer0

0 = Stops Timer0

bit 6 T08BIT: Timer0 8-Bit/16-Bit Control bit

1 = Timer0 is configured as an 8-bit timer/counter

0 = Timer0 is configured as a 16-bit timer/counter

bit 5 T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit

1 = Transition on T0CKI pin

0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)

bit 4 T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit

1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin

0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin

bit 3 PSA: Timer0 Prescaler Assignment bit

1 = TImer0 prescaler is NOT assigned. Timer0 clock input bypasses prescaler.

0 = Timer0 prescaler is assigned. Timer0 clock input comes from prescaler output.

bit 2-0 T0PS<2:0>: Timer0 Prescaler Select bits

111 = 1:256 Prescale value

110 = 1:128 Prescale value

101 = 1:64 Prescale value

100 = 1:32 Prescale value

011 = 1:16 Prescale value

010 = 1:8 Prescale value

001 = 1:4 Prescale value

000 = 1:2 Prescale value

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

12.1 Timer0 Operation

Timer0 can operate as either a timer or a counter. The

mode is selected with the T0CS bit (T0CON<5>). In

Timer mode (T0CS = 0), the module increments on

every clock by default unless a different prescaler value

is selected (see Section 12.3 “Prescaler”). If the

TMR0 register is written to, the increment is inhibited

for the following two instruction cycles. The user can

work around this by writing an adjusted value to the

TMR0 register.

The Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit

(= 1). In this mode, Timer0 increments either on every

rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI. The increment-

ing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge

Select bit, T0SE (T0CON<4>); clearing this bit selects

the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input

are discussed below.

An external clock source can be used to drive Timer0;

however, it must meet certain requirements to ensure

that the external clock can be synchronized with the

internal phase clock (T

OSC). There is a delay between

synchronization and the onset of incrementing the

timer/counter.

12.2 Timer0 Reads and Writes in

16-Bit Mode

TMR0H is not the actual high byte of Timer0 in 16-bit

mode. It is actually a buffered version of the real high

byte of Timer0 which is not directly readable nor writ-

able (refer to Figure 12-2). TMR0H is updated with the

contents of the high byte of Timer0 during a read of

TMR0L. This provides the ability to read all 16 bits of

Timer0 without having to verify that the read of the high

and low byte were valid, due to a rollover between

successive reads of the high and low byte.

Similarly, a write to the high byte of Timer0 must also

take place through the TMR0H Buffer register. The high

byte is updated with the contents of TMR0H when a

write occurs to TMR0L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer0

to be updated at once.

FIGURE 12-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (8-BIT MODE)

FIGURE 12-2: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT MODE)

Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.

T0CKI Pin

T0SE

T0CS

FOSC/4

Programmable

Prescaler

Sync with

Internal

Clocks

TMR0L

(2 TCY Delay)

Internal Data Bus

PSA

T0PS<2:0>

Set

TMR0IF

on Overflow

Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.

T0CKI Pin

T0SE

T0CS

FOSC/4

Sync with

Internal

Clocks

TMR0L

(2 TCY Delay)

Internal Data Bus

PSA

T0PS<2:0>

Set

TMR0IF

on Overflow

TMR0

TMR0H

High Byte

Read TMR0L

Write TMR0L

Programmable

Prescaler

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

12.3 Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0

module. The prescaler is not directly readable or writable.

Its value is set by the PSA and T0PS<2:0> bits

(T0CON<3:0>) which determine the prescaler

assignment and prescale ratio.

Clearing the PSA bit assigns the prescaler to the

Timer0 module. When it is assigned, prescale values

from 1:2 through 1:256 in power-of-2 increments are

selectable.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions

writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF TMR0, MOVWF

TMR0, BSF TMR0, etc.) clear the prescaler count.

12.3.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER

ASSIGNMENT

The prescaler assignment is fully under software

control and can be changed “on-the-fly” during program

execution.

12.4 Timer0 Interrupt

The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0

from FFFFh to 0000h in 16-bit mode. This overflow sets

the TMR0IF flag bit. The interrupt can be masked by

clearing the TMR0IE bit (INTCON<5>). Before

re-enabling the interrupt, the TMR0IF bit must be

cleared in software by the Interrupt Service Routine.

Since Timer0 is shut down in Sleep mode, the TMR0

interrupt cannot awaken the processor from Sleep.

TABLE 12-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is

assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler

count but will not change the prescaler

assignment.

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

TMR0L Timer0 Register Low Byte 54

TMR0H Timer0 Register High Byte 54

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 54

TRISA — — TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

T1 SYNC When TMRWCS : 1. When TMRWCS : U.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

13.0 TIMER1 MODULE

The Timer1 timer/counter module incorporates these

features:

• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or

counter

• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR1H

and TMR1L)

• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with

device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options

• Interrupt-on-overflow

• Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger

• Device clock status flag (T1RUN)

A simplified block diagram of the Timer1 module is

shown in Figure 13-1. A block diagram of the module’s

operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 13-2.

The module incorporates its own low-power oscillator

to provide an additional clocking option. The Timer1

oscillator can also be used as a low-power clock source

for the microcontroller in power-managed operation.

Timer1 can also be used to provide Real-Time Clock

(RTC) functionality to applications with only a minimal

addition of external components and code overhead.

Timer1 is controlled through the T1CON Control

Oscillator Enable bit (T1OSCEN). Timer1 can be

enabled or disabled by setting or clearing control bit,

TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).

R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit

1 = Enables register read/write of Timer1 in one 16-bit operation

0 = Enables register read/write of Timer1 in two 8-bit operations

bit 6 T1RUN: Timer1 System Clock Status bit

1 = Device clock is derived from Timer1 oscillator

0 = Device clock is derived from another source

bit 5-4 T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits

11 = 1:8 Prescale value

10 = 1:4 Prescale value

01 = 1:2 Prescale value

00 = 1:1 Prescale value

bit 3 T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit

1 = Timer1 oscillator is enabled

0 = Timer1 oscillator is shut off

The oscillator inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.

bit 2 T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Select bit

When TMR1CS = 1:

1 = Do not synchronize external clock input

0 = Synchronize external clock input

When TMR1CS = 0:

This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.

bit 1 TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit

1 = External clock from the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pin (on the rising edge)

0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)

bit 0 TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit

1 = Enables Timer1

0 = Stops Timer1

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

13.1 Timer1 Operation

Timer1 can operate in one of these modes:

•Timer

• Synchronous Counter

• Asynchronous Counter

The operating mode is determined by the clock select

bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>). When TMR1CS is cleared

(= 0), Timer1 increments on every internal instruction

cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer1 increments

on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input

or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.

When Timer1 is enabled, the RC1/T1OSI and

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs. This means

the values of TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are

read as ‘0’.

FIGURE 13-1: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIGURE 13-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)

T1SYNC

TMR1CS

T1CKPS<1:0>

Sleep Input

T1OSCEN(1)

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

On/Off

Prescaler

1, 2, 4, 8

Synchronize

Detect

T1OSO/T13CKI

T1OSI

TMR1ON

TMR1L

Set

TMR1IF

on Overflow

TMR1

High Byte

Clear TMR1

(CCP Special Event Trigger)

Timer1 Oscillator

Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.

On/Off

Timer1

Timer1 Clock Input

T1SYNC

TMR1CS

T1CKPS<1:0>

Sleep Input

T1OSCEN(1)

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

Prescaler

1, 2, 4, 8

Synchronize

Detect

T1OSO/T13CKI

T1OSI

Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.

TMR1L

Internal Data Bus

Set

TMR1IF

on Overflow

TMR1

TMR1H

High Byte

Read TMR1L

Write TMR1L

TMR1ON

Clear TMR1

(CCP Special Event Trigger)

Timer1 Oscillator

On/Off

Timer1

Timer1 Clock Input

[1) [1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

13.2 Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode

Timer1 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes

(see Figure 13-2). When the RD16 control bit

(T1CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR1H is mapped

to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer1. A read

from TMR1L will load the contents of the high byte of

Timer1 into the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register. This

provides the user with the ability to accurately read all

16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether

a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low

byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between

reads.

A write to the high byte of Timer1 must also take place

through the TMR1H Buffer register. The Timer1 high

byte is updated with the contents of TMR1H when a

write occurs to TMR1L. This allows a user to write all

16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer1 at once.

The high byte of Timer1 is not directly readable or

writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take

place through the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register.

Writes to TMR1H do not clear the Timer1 prescaler.

The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR1L.

13.3 Timer1 Oscillator

An on-chip crystal oscillator circuit is incorporated

between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier

output). It is enabled by setting the Timer1 Oscillator

Enable bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a

low-power circuit rated for 32 kHz crystals. It will

continue to run during all power-managed modes. The

circuit for a typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 13-3.

Table 13-1 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1

oscillator.

The user must provide a software time delay to ensure

proper start-up of the Timer1 oscillator.

FIGURE 13-3: EXTERNAL

COMPONENTS FOR THE

TIMER1 LP OSCILLATOR

TABLE 13-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

THE TIMER OSCILLATOR(2,3,4)

13.3.1 USING TIMER1 AS A

CLOCK SOURCE

The Timer1 oscillator is also available as a clock source

in power-managed modes. By setting the clock select

bits, SCS<1:0> (OSCCON<1:0>), to ‘01’, the device

switches to SEC_RUN mode; both the CPU and

peripherals are clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. If the

IDLEN bit (OSCCON<7>) is cleared and a SLEEP

instruction is executed, the device enters SEC_IDLE

mode. Additional details are available in Section 4.0

“Power-Managed Modes”.

Whenever the Timer1 oscillator is providing the clock

source, the Timer1 System Clock Status Flag, T1RUN

(T1CON<6>), is set. This can be used to determine the

controller’s current clocking mode. It can also indicate

the clock source being currently used by the Fail-Safe

Clock Monitor. If the Clock Monitor is enabled and the

Timer1 oscillator fails while providing the clock, polling

the T1RUN bit will indicate whether the clock is being

provided by the Timer1 oscillator or another source.

13.3.2 LOW-POWER TIMER1 OPTION

The Timer1 oscillator can operate at two distinct levels

of power consumption based on device configuration.

When the LPT1OSC Configuration bit is set, the Timer1

oscillator operates in a low-power mode. When

LPT1OSC is not set, Timer1 operates at a higher power

level. Power consumption for a particular mode is rela-

tively constant regardless of the device’s operating

mode. The default Timer1 configuration is the higher

power mode.

As the low-power Timer1 mode tends to be more

sensitive to interference, high noise environments may

cause some oscillator instability. The low-power option is,

therefore, best suited for low noise applications where

power conservation is an important design consideration.

Note: See the Notes with Table 13-1 for additional

information about capacitor selection.

XTAL

PIC18F87J10

T1OSI

T1OSO

32.768 kHz

27 pF

Oscillator

Type Freq. C1 C2

LP 32 kHz 27 pF(1) 27 pF(1)

Note 1: Microchip suggests these values as a

starting point in validating the oscillator

circuit.

2: Higher capacitance increases the stability

of the oscillator but also increases the

start-up time.

3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult

the resonator/crystal manufacturer for

appropriate values of external

components.

4: Capacitor values are for design guidance

only.

ooﬁao

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

13.3.3 TIMER1 OSCILLATOR LAYOUT

CONSIDERATIONS

The Timer1 oscillator circuit draws very little power

during operation. Due to the low-power nature of the

oscillator, it may also be sensitive to rapidly changing

signals in close proximity.

The oscillator circuit, shown in Figure 13-3, should be

located as close as possible to the microcontroller.

There should be no circuits passing within the oscillator

circuit boundaries other than VSS or VDD.

If a high-speed circuit must be located near the oscilla-

tor (such as the ECCP1 pin in Output Compare or PWM

mode, or the primary oscillator using the OSC2 pin), a

grounded guard ring around the oscillator circuit, as

shown in Figure 13-4, may be helpful when used on a

single-sided PCB or in addition to a ground plane.

FIGURE 13-4: OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

WITH GROUNDED

GUARD RING

13.4 Timer1 Interrupt

The TMR1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments

from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The

Timer1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow

which is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR1IF

(PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be enabled or disabled

by setting or clearing the Timer1 Interrupt Enable bit,

TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).

13.5 Resetting Timer1 Using the ECCP

Special Event Trigger

If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer1 and to

generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode

(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.

The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-

sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1

“Special Event Trigger” for more information).

The module must be configured as either a timer or a

synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.

When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register

pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer1.

If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,

this Reset operation may not work.

In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a

Special Event Trigger, the write operation will take

precedence.

13.6 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock

Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the

one described in Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”

above) gives users the option to include RTC function-

ality to their applications. This is accomplished with an

inexpensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time

base and several lines of application code to calculate

the time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a

battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can

completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC

device and battery backup.

The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in

Example 13-1, demonstrates a simple method to

increment a counter at one-second intervals using an

Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1

the routine which increments the seconds counter by

one. Additional counters for minutes and hours are

incremented as the previous counter overflows.

Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to

overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock

would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the

required one-second intervals, it is necessary to pre-

load it. The simplest method is to set the MSb of

TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L

introduce cumulative error over many cycles.

For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in

Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt

must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1) as shown in the

routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be

enabled and running at all times.

VDD

OSC1

VSS

OSC2

RC0

RC1

RC2

Note: Not drawn to scale.

Note: The Special Event Triggers from the

ECCPx module will not set the TMR1IF

interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>).

T1SVNC

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

EXAMPLE 13-1: IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE

TABLE 13-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

RTCinit

MOVLW 80h ; Preload TMR1 register pair

MOVWF TMR1H ; for 1 second overflow

CLRF TMR1L

MOVLW b’00001111’ ; Configure for external clock,

MOVWF T1CON ; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator

CLRF secs ; Initialize timekeeping registers

CLRF mins ;

MOVLW .12

MOVWF hours

BSF PIE1, TMR1IE ; Enable Timer1 interrupt

RETURN

RTCisr

BSF TMR1H, 7 ; Preload for 1 sec overflow

BCF PIR1, TMR1IF ; Clear interrupt flag

INCF secs, F ; Increment seconds

MOVLW .59 ; 60 seconds elapsed?

CPFSGT secs

RETURN ; No, done

CLRF secs ; Clear seconds

INCF mins, F ; Increment minutes

MOVLW .59 ; 60 minutes elapsed?

CPFSGT mins

RETURN ; No, done

CLRF mins ; clear minutes

INCF hours, F ; Increment hours

MOVLW .23 ; 24 hours elapsed?

CPFSGT hours

RETURN ; No, done

CLRF hours ; Reset hours

RETURN ; Done

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 54

TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 54

T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 54

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

14.0 TIMER2 MODULE

The Timer2 module incorporates the following features:

• 8-Bit Timer and Period registers (TMR2 and PR2,

respectively)

• Readable and writable (both registers)

• Software programmable prescaler

(1:1, 1:4 and 1:16)

• Software programmable postscaler

(1:1 through 1:16)

• Interrupt on TMR2 to PR2 match

• Optional use as the shift clock for the

MSSP module

The module is controlled through the T2CON register

(Register 14-1) which enables or disables the timer and

configures the prescaler and postscaler. Timer2 can be

shut off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON (T2CON<2>),

to minimize power consumption.

A simplified block diagram of the module is shown in

Figure 14-1.

14.1 Timer2 Operation

In normal operation, TMR2 is incremented from 00h on

each clock (FOSC/4). A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the

clock input gives direct input, divide-by-4 and

divide-by-16 prescale options. These are selected by

the prescaler control bits, T2CKPS<1:0>

(T2CON<1:0>). The value of TMR2 is compared to that

of the Period register, PR2, on each clock cycle. When

the two values match, the comparator generates a

match signal as the timer output. This signal also resets

the value of TMR2 to 00h on the next cycle and drives

the output counter/postscaler (see Section 14.2

“Timer2 Interrupt”).

The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both directly readable

and writable. The TMR2 register is cleared on any

device Reset, while the PR2 register initializes at FFh.

Both the prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared

on the following events:

• a write to the TMR2 register

• a write to the T2CON register

• any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,

Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)

TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.

U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6-3 T2OUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits

0000 = 1:1 Postscale

0001 = 1:2 Postscale

•

1111 = 1:16 Postscale

bit 2 TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit

1 = Timer2 is on

0 = Timer2 is off

bit 1-0 T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits

00 = Prescaler is 1

01 = Prescaler is 4

1x = Prescaler is 16

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

14.2 Timer2 Interrupt

Timer2 can also generate an optional device interrupt.

The Timer2 output signal (TMR2 to PR2 match) pro-

vides the input for the 4-bit output counter/postscaler.

This counter generates the TMR2 match interrupt flag

which is latched in TMR2IF (PIR1<1>). The interrupt is

enabled by setting the TMR2 Match Interrupt Enable

bit, TMR2IE (PIE1<1>).

A range of 16 postscale options (from 1:1 through 1:16

inclusive) can be selected with the postscaler control

bits, T2OUTPS<3:0> (T2CON<6:3>).

14.3 Timer2 Output

The unscaled output of TMR2 is available primarily to

the CCP modules, where it is used as a time base for

operations in PWM mode.

Timer2 can be optionally used as the shift clock source

for the MSSP module operating in SPI mode.

Additional information is provided in Section 19.0

“Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module”.

FIGURE 14-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 14-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

TMR2 Timer2 Register 54

T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 54

PR2 Timer2 Period Register 54

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.

Comparator

TMR2 Output

TMR2

Postscaler

Prescaler PR2

FOSC/4

1:1 to 1:16

1:1, 1:4, 1:16

T2OUTPS<3:0>

T2CKPS<1:0>

Set TMR2IF

Internal Data Bus

Reset

TMR2/PR2

(to PWM or MSSP)

Match

TBSYNC When TMRSCS : 1. When TMRSCS : U.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

15.0 TIMER3 MODULE

The Timer3 timer/counter module incorporates these

features:

• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or

counter

• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR3H

and TMR3L)

• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with

device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options

• Interrupt-on-overflow

• Module Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger

A simplified block diagram of the Timer3 module is

shown in Figure 15-1. A block diagram of the module’s

operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 15-2.

The Timer3 module is controlled through the T3CON

options for the CCP and ECCP modules; see

Section 17.1.1 “CCP Modules and Timer

Resources” for more information.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit

1 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in one 16-bit operation

0 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in two 8-bit operations

bit 6,3 T3CCP<2:1>: Timer3 and Timer1 to CCPx Enable bits

11 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for all CCP/ECCP modules

10 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;

Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1 and ECCP2

01 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;

Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1

00 = Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for all CCP/ECCP modules

bit 5-4 T3CKPS<1:0>: Timer3 Input Clock Prescale Select bits

11 = 1:8 Prescale value

10 = 1:4 Prescale value

01 = 1:2 Prescale value

00 = 1:1 Prescale value

bit 2 T3SYNC: Timer3 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit

(Not usable if the device clock comes from Timer1/Timer3.)

When TMR3CS = 1:

1 = Do not synchronize external clock input

0 = Synchronize external clock input

When TMR3CS = 0:

This bit is ignored. Timer3 uses the internal clock when TMR3CS = 0.

bit 1 TMR3CS: Timer3 Clock Source Select bit

1 = External clock input from Timer1 oscillator or T13CKI (on the rising edge after the first falling edge)

0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)

bit 0 TMR3ON: Timer3 On bit

1 = Enables Timer3

0 = Stops Timer3

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

15.1 Timer3 Operation

Timer3 can operate in one of three modes:

•Timer

• Synchronous Counter

• Asynchronous Counter

The operating mode is determined by the clock select

bit, TMR3CS (T3CON<1>). When TMR3CS is cleared

(= 0), Timer3 increments on every internal instruction

cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer3 increments

on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input

or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.

As with Timer1, the RC1/T1OSI and

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs when the

Timer1 oscillator is enabled. This means the values of

TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are read as ‘0’.

FIGURE 15-1: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIGURE 15-2: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)

T3SYNC

TMR3CS

T3CKPS<1:0>

Sleep Input

T1OSCEN(1)

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

Prescaler

1, 2, 4, 8

Synchronize

Detect

T1OSO/T13CKI

T1OSI

TMR3ON

TMR3L Set

TMR3IF

on Overflow

TMR3

High Byte

Timer1 Oscillator

Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.

On/Off

Timer3

CCPx Special Event Trigger

CCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>

Clear TMR3

Timer1 Clock Input

T3SYNC

TMR3CS

T3CKPS<1:0>

Sleep Input

T1OSCEN(1)

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

Prescaler

1, 2, 4, 8

Synchronize

Detect

T13CKI/T1OSO

T1OSI

Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.

TMR3L

Internal Data Bus

Set

TMR3IF

on Overflow

TMR3

TMR3H

High Byte

Read TMR1L

Write TMR1L

TMR3ON

CCPx Special Event Trigger

Timer1 Oscillator

On/Off

Timer3

Timer1 Clock Input

CCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>

Clear TMR3

T1 SYNC TBSYNC

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

15.2 Timer3 16-Bit Read/Write Mode

Timer3 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes

(see Figure 15-2). When the RD16 control bit

(T3CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR3H is mapped

to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer3. A read

from TMR3L will load the contents of the high byte of

Timer3 into the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register. This

provides the user with the ability to accurately read all

16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether

a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low

byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between

reads.

A write to the high byte of Timer3 must also take place

through the TMR3H Buffer register. The Timer3 high

byte is updated with the contents of TMR3H when a

write occurs to TMR3L. This allows a user to write all

16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer3 at once.

The high byte of Timer3 is not directly readable or

writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take

place through the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register.

Writes to TMR3H do not clear the Timer3 prescaler.

The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR3L.

15.3 Using the Timer1 Oscillator as the

Timer3 Clock Source

The Timer1 internal oscillator may be used as the clock

source for Timer3. The Timer1 oscillator is enabled by

setting the T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>) bit. To use it as the

Timer3 clock source, the TMR3CS bit must also be set.

As previously noted, this also configures Timer3 to

increment on every rising edge of the oscillator source.

The Timer1 oscillator is described in Section 13.0

“Timer1 Module”.

15.4 Timer3 Interrupt

The TMR3 register pair (TMR3H:TMR3L) increments

from 0000h to FFFFh and overflows to 0000h. The

Timer3 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow

and is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR3IF (PIR2<1>).

This interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting or

clearing the Timer3 Interrupt Enable bit, TMR3IE

(PIE2<1>).

15.5 Resetting Timer3 Using the ECCP

Special Event Trigger

If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer3 and to

generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode

(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.

The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-

sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1

“Special Event Trigger” for more information).

The module must be configured as either a timer or

synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.

When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register

pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer3.

If Timer3 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,

the Reset operation may not work.

In the event that a write to Timer3 coincides with a

Special Event Trigger from an ECCP module, the write

will take precedence.

TABLE 15-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER3 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Note: The Special Event Triggers from the

ECCPx module will not set the TMR3IF

interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>).

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF — — BCL1IF —TMR3IFCCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE — — BCL1IE —TMR3IECCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP — — BCL1IP —TMR3IPCCP2IP 55

TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 55

TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 55

T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 54

T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 55

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer3 module.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

16.0 TIMER4 MODULE

The Timer4 timer module has the following features:

• 8-Bit Timer register (TMR4)

• 8-Bit Period register (PR4)

• Readable and writable (both registers)

• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)

• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)

• Interrupt on TMR4 match of PR4

Timer4 has a control register shown in Register 16-1.

Timer4 can be shut off by clearing control bit, TMR4ON

(T4CON<2>), to minimize power consumption. The

prescaler and postscaler selection of Timer4 are also

controlled by this register. Figure 16-1 is a simplified

block diagram of the Timer4 module.

16.1 Timer4 Operation

Timer4 can be used as the PWM time base for the

PWM mode of the CCP module. The TMR4 register is

readable and writable and is cleared on any device

Reset. The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option

of 1:1, 1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits

T4CKPS<1:0> (T4CON<1:0>). The match output of

TMR4 goes through a 4-bit postscaler (which gives a

1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive) to generate a TMR4

interrupt, latched in flag bit, TMR4IF (PIR3<3>).

The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared

when any of the following occurs:

• a write to the TMR4 register

• a write to the T4CON register

• any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,

Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)

TMR4 is not cleared when T4CON is written.

U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6-3 T4OUTPS<3:0>: Timer4 Output Postscale Select bits

0000 = 1:1 Postscale

0001 = 1:2 Postscale

•

1111 = 1:16 Postscale

bit 2 TMR4ON: Timer4 On bit

1 = Timer4 is on

0 = Timer4 is off

bit 1-0 T4CKPS<1:0>: Timer4 Clock Prescale Select bits

00 = Prescaler is 1

01 = Prescaler is 4

1x = Prescaler is 16

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

16.2 Timer4 Interrupt

The Timer4 module has an 8-Bit Period register, PR4,

which is both readable and writable. Timer4 increments

from 00h until it matches PR4 and then resets to 00h on

the next increment cycle. The PR4 register is initialized

to FFh upon Reset.

16.3 Output of TMR4

The output of TMR4 (before the postscaler) is used

only as a PWM time base for the CCP modules. It is not

used as a baud rate clock for the MSSP as is the

Timer2 output.

FIGURE 16-1: TIMER4 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 16-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER4 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Comparator

TMR4 Output

TMR4

Postscaler

Prescaler PR4

FOSC/4

1:1 to 1:16

1:1, 1:4, 1:16

T4OUTPS<3:0>

T4CKPS<1:0>

Set TMR4IF

Internal Data Bus

Reset

TMR4/PR4

(to PWM)

Match

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

TMR4 Timer4 Register 57

T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 57

PR4 Timer4 Period Register 57

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer4 module.

Caglure mode. Comgare mode. PWM mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

17.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM

(CCP) MODULES

Members of the PIC18F87J10 family of devices all have

a total of five CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) modules.

Two of these (CCP4 and CCP5) implement standard

Capture, Compare and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)

modes and are discussed in this section. The other three

modules (ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3) implement

standard Capture and Compare modes, as well as

Enhanced PWM modes. These are discussed in

Section 18.0 “Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM

(ECCP) Module”.

Each CCP/ECCP module contains a 16-bit register

which can operate as a 16-Bit Capture register, a 16-Bit

Compare register or a PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle

tion in the following sections is described with respect

to CCP4, but is equally applicable to CCP5.

Capture and compare operations described in this

chapter apply to all standard and Enhanced CCP

modules. The operations of PWM mode, described in

Section 17.4 “PWM Mode”, apply to CCP4 and CCP5

only.

Note: Throughout this section and Section 18.0

“Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)

Module”, references to register and bit names

that may be associated with a specific CCP

module are referred to generically by the use of

‘x’ or ‘y’ in place of the specific module number.

Thus, “CCPxCON” might refer to the control

CCP5.

U0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—— DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4 DCxB<1:0>: CCP Module x PWM Duty Cycle bit 1 and bit 0

Capture mode:

Unused.

Compare mode:

Unused.

PWM mode:

These bits are the two Least Significant bits (bit 1 and bit 0) of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The eight

Most Significant bits (DCxB<9:2>) of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.

bit 3-0 CCPxM<3:0>: CCP Module x Mode Select bits

0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)

0001 = Reserved

0010 = Compare mode, toggle output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)

0011 = Reserved

0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge

0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge

0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge

0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge

1000 = Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin low; on compare match, force CCPx pin high (CCPxIF bit

is set)

1001 = Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin high; on compare match, force CCPx pin low (CCPxIF bit

is set)

1010 = Compare mode; generate software interrupt on compare match (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin

reflects I/O state)

1011 =Reserved

11xx =PWM mode

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

17.1 CCP Module Configuration

Each Capture/Compare/PWM module is associated

with a control register (generically, CCPxCON) and a

data register (CCPRx). The data register, in turn, is

comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPRxL (low byte)

and CCPRxH (high byte). All registers are both

readable and writable.

17.1.1 CCP MODULES AND TIMER

RESOURCES

The CCP/ECCP modules utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4,

depending on the mode selected. Timer1 and Timer3

are available to modules in Capture or Compare

modes, while Timer2 and Timer4 are available for

modules in PWM mode.

TABLE 17-1: CCP MODE – TIMER

RESOURCE

The assignment of a particular timer to a module is

determined by the Timer to CCP enable bits in the

T3CON register (Register 15-1, page 163). Depending

on the configuration selected, up to four timers may be

active at once, with modules in the same configuration

(capture/compare or PWM) sharing timer resources.

The possible configurations are shown in Figure 17-1.

17.1.2 ECCP2 PIN ASSIGNMENT

The pin assignment for ECCP2 (capture input,

compare and PWM output) can change, based on

device configuration. The CCP2MX Configuration bit

determines which pin ECCP2 is multiplexed to. By

default, it is assigned to RC1 (CCP2MX = 1). If the

Configuration bit is cleared, ECCP2 is multiplexed with

RE7 on 64-pin devices and RB3 or RE7 on 80-pin

devices depending on mode setting.

Changing the pin assignment of ECCP2 does not auto-

matically change any requirements for configuring the

port pin. Users must always verify that the appropriate

TRIS register is configured correctly for ECCP2

operation regardless of where it is located.

FIGURE 17-1: CCP/ECCP AND TIMER INTERCONNECT CONFIGURATIONS

CCP Mode Timer Resource

Capture

Compare

PWM

Timer1 or Timer3

Timer2 or Timer4

TMR1

CCP5

TMR2

TMR3

TMR4

CCP4

ECCP3

ECCP2

ECCP1

TMR1

TMR2

TMR3

CCP5

TMR4

CCP4

ECCP3

ECCP2

ECCP1

TMR1

TMR2

TMR3

CCP5

TMR4

CCP4

ECCP3

ECCP2

ECCP1

TMR1

TMR2

TMR3

CCP5

TMR4

CCP4

ECCP3

ECCP2

ECCP1

T3CCP<2:1> = 00 T3CCP<2:1> = 01 T3CCP<2:1> = 10 T3CCP<2:1> = 11

Timer1 is used for all capture

and compare operations for

all CCP modules. Timer2 is

used for PWM operations for

all CCP modules. Modules

may share either timer

resource as a common time

base.

Timer3 and Timer4 are not

available.

Timer1 and Timer2 are used

for capture and compare or

PWM operations for ECCP1

only (depending on selected

mode).

All other modules use either

Timer3 or Timer4. Modules

may share either timer

resource as a common time

base if they are in

capture/compare or PWM

modes.

Timer1 and Timer2 are used

for capture and compare or

PWM operations for ECCP1

and ECCP2 only (depending

on the mode selected for each

module). Both modules may

use a timer as a common time

base if they are both in

capture/compare or PWM

modes.

The other modules use either

Timer3 or Timer4. Modules

may share either timer

resource as a common time

base if they are in

capture/compare or PWM

modes.

Timer3 is used for all capture

and compare operations for

all CCP modules. Timer4 is

used for PWM operations for

all CCP modules. Modules

may share either timer

resource as a common time

base.

Timer1 and Timer2 are not

available.

Tscch TMRs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

17.2 Capture Mode

In Capture mode, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair

captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 or TMR3

registers when an event occurs on the corresponding

CCPx pin. An event is defined as one of the following:

• every falling edge

• every rising edge

• every 4th rising edge

• every 16th rising edge

The event is selected by the mode select bits,

CCPxM<3:0> (CCPxCON<3:0>). When a capture is

made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCPxIF, is set; it

must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs

before the value in register CCPRx is read, the old

captured value is overwritten by the new captured value.

17.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

In Capture mode, the appropriate CCPx pin should be

configured as an input by setting the corresponding

TRIS direction bit.

17.2.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION

The timers that are to be used with the capture feature

(Timer1 and/or Timer3) must be running in Timer mode or

Synchronized Counter mode. In Asynchronous Counter

mode, the capture operation will not work. The timer to be

used with each CCP module is selected in the T3CON

Resources”).

17.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT

When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture

interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the

CCPxIE interrupt enable bit clear to avoid false

interrupts. The interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, should also be

cleared following any such change in operating mode.

17.2.4 CCP PRESCALER

There are four prescaler settings in Capture mode.

They are specified as part of the operating mode

selected by the mode select bits (CCPxM<3:0>).

Whenever the CCP module is turned off or Capture

mode is disabled, the prescaler counter is cleared. This

means that any Reset will clear the prescaler counter.

Switching from one capture prescaler to another may

generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will

not be cleared; therefore, the first capture may be from

a non-zero prescaler. Example 17-1 shows the

recommended method for switching between capture

prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler

counter and will not generate the “false” interrupt.

EXAMPLE 17-1: CHANGING BETWEEN

CAPTURE PRESCALERS

(CCP5 SHOWN)

FIGURE 17-2: CAPTURE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note: If RG4/CCP5 is configured as an output, a

write to the port can cause a capture

condition.

CLRF CCP5CON ; Turn CCP module off

MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load WREG with the

; new prescaler mode

; value and CCP ON

MOVWF CCP5CON ; Load CCP5CON with

; this value

CCPR4H CCPR4L

TMR1H TMR1L

Set CCP4IF

TMR3

Enable

Q1:Q4

CCP4CON<3:0>

CCP4 pin

Prescaler

÷ 1, 4, 16

and

Edge Detect

TMR1

Enable

T3CCP2

CCPR5H CCPR5L

TMR1H TMR1L

Set CCP5IF

TMR3

Enable

CCP5CON<3:0>

CCP5 pin

Prescaler

÷ 1, 4, 16

TMR3H TMR3L

TMR1

Enable

T3CCP2

T3CCP1

T3CCP2

T3CCP1

TMR3H TMR3L

and

Edge Detect

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

17.3 Compare Mode

In Compare mode, the 16-Bit CCPRx register value is

constantly compared against either the TMR1 or TMR3

can be:

• driven high

• driven low

• toggled (high-to-low or low-to-high)

• remains unchanged (that is, reflects the state of

the I/O latch)

The action on the pin is based on the value of the mode

select bits (CCPxM<3:0>). At the same time, the

interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, is set.

17.3.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

The user must configure the CCPx pin as an output by

clearing the appropriate TRIS bit.

17.3.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION

Timer1 and/or Timer3 must be running in Timer mode

or Synchronized Counter mode if the CCP module is

using the compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter

mode, the compare operation may not work.

17.3.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE

When the Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen

(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010), the corresponding CCPx pin is

not affected. Only a CCP interrupt is generated, if

enabled and the CCPxIE bit is set.

FIGURE 17-3: COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note: Clearing the CCP5CON register will force

the RG4 compare output latch (depend-

ing on device configuration) to the default

low level. This is not the PORTB or

PORTC I/O data latch.

CCPR4H CCPR4L

TMR1H TMR1L

Comparator QS

Output

Logic

Set CCP4IF

CCP4 Pin

TRIS

CCP4CON<3:0>

Output Enable

TMR3H TMR3L

CCPR5H CCPR5L

Comparator

T3CCP2

T3CCP1

Set CCP5IF

Compare

Output

Logic

CCP5 Pin

TRIS

CCP5CON<3:0>

Output Enable

Match

Compare

Match

T1SVNC TSSVNC

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 17-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, TIMER1 AND TIMER3

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

RCON IPEN — — RI TO PD POR BOR 54

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF — — BCL1IF —TMR3IFCCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE — — BCL1IE —TMR3IECCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP — — BCL1IP —TMR3IPCCP2IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

TRISG — — — TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 56

TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 54

TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 54

T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 54

TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 55

TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 55

T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 55

CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte 57

CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte 57

CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte 57

CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte 57

CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 57

CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 57

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by capture/compare, Timer1 or Timer3.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

17.4 PWM Mode

In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCPx pin

produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since

the CCP4 and CCP5 pins are multiplexed with a

PORTG data latch, the appropriate TRISG bit must be

cleared to make the CCP4 or CCP5 pin an output.

Figure 17-4 shows a simplified block diagram of the

CCP module in PWM mode.

For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up a CCP

module for PWM operation, see Section 17.4.3

“Setup for PWM Operation”.

FIGURE 17-4: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK

DIAGRAM

A PWM output (Figure 17-5) has a time base (period)

and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle).

The frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the

period (1/period).

FIGURE 17-5: PWM OUTPUT

17.4.1 PWM PERIOD

The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2

(PR4) register. The PWM period can be calculated

using Equation 17-1:

EQUATION 17-1:

PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].

When TMR2 (TMR4) is equal to PR2 (PR4), the

following three events occur on the next increment

cycle:

• TMR2 (TMR4) is cleared

• The CCPx pin is set (exception: if PWM duty

cycle = 0%, the CCPx pin will not be set)

• The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into

CCPRxH

17.4.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE

The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the

CCPRxL register and to the CCPxCON<5:4> bits. Up

to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPRxL contains

the eight MSbs and the CCPxCON<5:4> contains the

two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by

CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>. Equation 17-2 is used to

calculate the PWM duty cycle in time.

EQUATION 17-2:

CCPRxL and CCPxCON<5:4> can be written to at any

time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into

CCPRxH until after a match between PR2 (PR4) and

TMR2 (TMR4) occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In

PWM mode, CCPRxH is a read-only register.

Note: Clearing the CCP4CON or CCP5CON

latch (depending on device configuration)

to the default low level. This is not the

PORTG I/O data latch.

CCPR1L

Comparator

PR2

CCP1CON<5:4>

RECCP1

TRIS

Output Enable

CCPR1H

TMR2

2 LSbs Latched

from Q Clocks

Reset

Match

TMR2 = PR2

Latch

(1)

Note 1: The two LSbs of the Duty Cycle register are held by a

2-bit latch that is part of the module’s hardware. It is

physically separate from the CCPR registers.

Duty Cycle Register

Set CCPx pin

Duty Cycle

Period

Duty Cycle

TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (TMR4)

TMR2 (TMR4) = Duty Cycle

TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (PR4)

Note: The Timer2 and Timer 4 postscalers (see

Section 14.0 “Timer2 Module” and

Section 16.0 “Timer4 Module”) are not

used in the determination of the PWM

frequency. The postscaler could be used

to have a servo update rate at a different

frequency than the PWM output.

PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •

(TMR2 Prescale Value)

PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPRXL:CCPXCON<5:4>) •

TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

The CCPRxH register and a 2-bit internal latch are

used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This

double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM

operation.

When the CCPRxH and 2-bit latch match TMR2

(TMR4), concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or

2 bits of the TMR2 (TMR4) prescaler, the CCPx pin is

cleared.

The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM

frequency is given by Equation 17-3:

EQUATION 17-3:

17.4.3 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION

The following steps should be taken when configuring

the CCP module for PWM operation:

1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 (PR4)

2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the

CCPRxL register and CCPxCON<5:4> bits.

3. Make the CCPx pin an output by clearing the

appropriate TRIS bit.

4. Set the TMR2 (TMR4) prescale value, then

enable Timer2 (Timer4) by writing to T2CON

(T4CON).

5. Configure the CCPx module for PWM operation.

TABLE 17-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz

Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than

the PWM period, the CCPx pin will not be

cleared.

log(FPWM

log(2)

FOSC )bitsPWM Resolution (max) =

PWM Frequency 2.44 kHz 9.77 kHz 39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz

Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)1641111

PR2 Value FFh FFh FFh 3Fh 1Fh 17h

Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 6.58

POR BOR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 17-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM, TIMER2 AND TIMER4

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

RCON IPEN — — RI TO PD POR BOR 54

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

TRISG — — — TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 56

TMR2 Timer2 Register 54

PR2 Timer2 Period Register 54

T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 54

TMR4 Timer4 Register 57

PR4 Timer4 Period Register 57

T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 57

CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte 57

CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte 57

CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte 57

CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte 57

CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 57

CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 57

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM, Timer2 or Timer4.

IfCCPxM<3.2>:oD Ell 10. If CCPXM<32> : 11. Caglure mode. Comgare mode PWM mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.0 ENHANCED CAPTURE/

COMPARE/PWM (ECCP)

MODULE

In the PIC18F87J10 family of devices, three of the CCP

modules are implemented as standard CCP modules

with Enhanced PWM capabilities. These include the

provision for 2 or 4 output channels, user-selectable

polarity, dead-band control and automatic shutdown

and restart. The Enhanced features are discussed in

detail in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.

Capture, Compare and single-output PWM functions of

the ECCP module are the same as described for the

standard CCP module.

The control register for the Enhanced CCP module is

shown in Register 18-1. It differs from the CCP4CON/

CCP5CON registers in that the two Most Significant

bits are implemented to control PWM functionality.

In addition to the expanded range of modes available

through the Enhanced CCPxCON register, the ECCP

modules each have two additional registers associated

with Enhanced PWM operation and auto-shutdown

features. They are:

• ECCPxDEL (Dead-Band Delay)

• ECCPxAS (Auto-Shutdown Configuration)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-6 PxM<1:0>: Enhanced PWM Output Configuration bits

If CCPxM<3:2> = 00, 01, 10:

xx = PxA assigned as capture/compare input/output; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins

If CCPxM<3:2> = 11:

00 = Single output: PxA modulated; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins

01 = Full-bridge output forward: P1D modulated; P1A active; P1B, P1C inactive

10 = Half-bridge output: P1A, P1B modulated with dead-band control; P1C, P1D assigned as port pins

11 = Full-bridge output reverse: P1B modulated; P1C active; P1A, P1D inactive

bit 5-4 DCxB<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Bit 1 and Bit 0

Capture mode:

Unused.

Compare mode:

Unused.

PWM mode:

These bits are the 2 LSbs of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The 8 MSbs of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.

bit 3-0 CCPxM<3:0>: Enhanced CCP Module x Mode Select bits

0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets ECCPx module)

0001 = Reserved

0010 = Compare mode, toggle output on match

0011 = Capture mode

0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge

0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge

0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge

0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge

1000 = Compare mode, initialize ECCPx pin low, set output on compare match (set CCPxIF)

1001 = Compare mode, initialize ECCPx pin high, clear output on compare match (set CCPxIF)

1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt only, ECCPx pin reverts to I/O state

1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (ECCPx resets TMR1 or TMR3, sets CCPxIF bit, ECCP2

trigger also starts A/D conversion if A/D module is enabled)(1)

1100 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-high

1101 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-low

1110 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-high

1111 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-low

Note 1: Implemented only for ECCP1 and ECCP2; same as ‘1010’ for ECCP3.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.1 ECCP Outputs and Configuration

Each of the Enhanced CCP modules may have up to

four PWM outputs, depending on the selected

operating mode. These outputs, designated PxA

through PxD, are multiplexed with various I/O pins.

Some ECCP pin assignments are constant, while

others change based on device configuration. For

those pins that do change, the controlling bits are:

• CCP2MX Configuration bit

• ECCPMX Configuration bit (80-pin devices only)

• Program Memory Operating mode, set by the

EMB Configuration bits (80-pin devices only)

The pin assignments for the Enhanced CCP modules

are summarized in Table 18-1, Table 18-2 and

Table 18-3. To configure the I/O pins as PWM outputs,

the proper PWM mode must be selected by setting the

PxMx and CCPxMx bits (CCPxCON<7:6> and <3:0>,

respectively). The appropriate TRIS direction bits for

the corresponding port pins must also be set as

outputs.

18.1.1 ECCP1/ECCP3 OUTPUTS AND

PROGRAM MEMORY MODE

In 80-pin devices, the use of Extended Microcontroller

mode has an indirect effect on the use of ECCP1 and

ECCP3 in Enhanced PWM modes. By default, PWM

outputs, P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C, are multiplexed to

PORTE pins, along with the high-order byte of the

external memory bus. When the bus is active in

Extended Microcontroller mode, it overrides the

Enhanced CCP outputs and makes them unavailable.

Because of this, ECCP1 and ECCP3 can only be used

in compatible (single-output) PWM modes when the

device is in Extended Microcontroller mode and default

pin configuration.

An exception to this configuration is when a 12-bit

address width is selected for the external bus

(EMB<1:0> Configuration bits = 01). In this case, the

upper pins of PORTE continue to operate as digital I/O,

even when the external bus is active. P1B/P1C and

P3B/P3C remain available for use as Enhanced PWM

outputs.

If an application requires the use of additional PWM

outputs during Enhanced microcontroller operation, the

P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C outputs can be reassigned to

the upper bits of PORTH. This is done by clearing the

ECCPMX Configuration bit.

18.1.2 ECCP2 OUTPUTS AND PROGRAM

MEMORY MODES

For 80-pin devices, the program memory mode of the

device (Section 6.1.3 “PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Program

Memory Modes”) also impacts pin multiplexing for the

module.

The ECCP2 input/output (ECCP2/P2A) can be multi-

plexed to one of three pins. The default assignment

(CCP2MX Configuration bit is set) for all devices is

RC1. Clearing CCP2MX reassigns ECCP2/P2A to

RE7.

An additional option exists for 80-pin devices. When

these devices are operating in Microcontroller mode,

the multiplexing options described above still apply. In

Extended Microcontroller mode, clearing CCP2MX

reassigns ECCP2/P2A to RB3.

18.1.3 USE OF CCP4 AND CCP5 WITH

ECCP1 AND ECCP3

Only the ECCP2 module has four dedicated output pins

that are available for use. Assuming that the I/O ports

or other multiplexed functions on those pins are not

needed, they may be used whenever needed without

interfering with any other CCP module.

ECCP1 and ECCP3, on the other hand, only have

three dedicated output pins: ECCPx/PxA, PxB and

PxC. Whenever these modules are configured for

Quad PWM mode, the pin normally used for CCP4 or

CCP5 becomes the PxD output pins for ECCP3 and

ECCP1, respectively. The CCP4 and CCP5 modules

remain functional but their outputs are overridden.

18.1.4 ECCP MODULES AND TIMER

RESOURCES

Like the standard CCP modules, the ECCP modules

can utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4, depending on the mode

selected. Timer1 and Timer3 are available for modules

in Capture or Compare modes, while Timer2 and

Timer4 are available for modules in PWM mode.

Additional details on timer resources are provided in

Section 17.1.1 “CCP Modules and Timer

Resources”.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 18-1: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP1

TABLE 18-2: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP2

ECCP Mode CCP1CON

Configuration RC2 RE6 RE5 RG4 RH7 RH6

All PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 Devices:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RE6 RE5 RG4/CCP5 N/A N/A

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P1A P1B RE5 RG4/CCP5 N/A N/A

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P1A P1B P1C P1D N/A N/A

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 0, Microcontroller mode:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P1A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 P1B RH6/AN14

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P1A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 P1D P1B P1C

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1,

Microcontroller mode or Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-Bit Address Width:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P1A P1B RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P1A P1B P1C P1D RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

Legend: x = Don’t care, N/A = Not available. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP1 in a given mode.

Note 1: With ECCP1 in Quad PWM mode, CCP5’s output is overridden by P1D; otherwise, CCP5 is fully operational.

ECCP Mode CCP2CON

Configuration RB3 RC1 RE7 RE2 RE1 RE0

All Devices, CCP2MX = 1, Either Operating mode:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx RB3/INT3 ECCP2 RE7 RE2 RE1 RE0

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx RB3/INT3 P2A RE7 P2B RE1 RE0

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx RB3/INT3 P2A RE7 P2B P2C P2D

All Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Microcontroller mode:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 ECCP2 RE2 RE1 RE0

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 P2A P2B RE1 RE0

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 P2A P2B P2C P2D

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Extended Microcontroller mode:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP2 RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 RE2/CS RE1/WR RE0/RD

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P2A RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 P2B RE1/WR RE0/RD

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P2A RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 P2B P2C P2D

Legend: x = Don’t care. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP2 in a given mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 18-3: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP3

18.2 Capture and Compare Modes

Except for the operation of the Special Event Trigger

discussed below, the Capture and Compare modes of

the ECCP module are identical in operation to that of

CCP4. These are discussed in detail in Section 17.2

“Capture Mode” and Section 17.3 “Compare

Mode”.

18.2.1 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER

ECCP1 and ECCP2 incorporate an internal hardware

trigger that is generated in Compare mode on a match

between the CCPRx register pair and the selected

timer. This can be used in turn to initiate an action. This

mode is selected by setting CCPxCON<3:0> to ‘1011’.

The Special Event Trigger output of either ECCP1 or

ECCP2 resets the TMR1 or TMR3 register pair, depend-

ing on which timer resource is currently selected. This

allows the CCPRx register pair to effectively be a 16-bit

programmable period register for Timer1 or Timer3. In

addition, the ECCP2 Special Event Trigger will also start

an A/D conversion if the A/D module is enabled.

Special Event Triggers are not implemented for

ECCP3, CCP4 or CCP5. Selecting the Special Event

Trigger mode for these modules has the same effect as

selecting the Compare with Software Interrupt mode

(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010).

18.3 Standard PWM Mode

When configured in Single Output mode, the ECCP

module functions identically to the standard CCP

module in PWM mode, as described in Section 17.4

“PWM Mode”. This is also sometimes referred to as

“Compatible CCP” mode as in Tables 18-1

through 18-3.

ECCP Mode CCP3CON

Configuration RG0 RE4 RE3 RG3 RH5 RH4

All PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 Devices:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE4 RE3 RG3/CCP4 N/A N/A

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A P3B RE3 RG3/CCP4 N/A N/A

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P3A P3B P3C P3D N/A N/A

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 0, Microcontroller mode:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4 P3B RH6/AN14

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P3A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 P3D P3B P3C

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1,

Microcontroller mode or Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-Bit Address Width:

Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE4/AD12 RE3/AD11 RG3/CCP4 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12

Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A P3B RE3/AD11 RG3/CCP4 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12

Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P3A P3B P3C P3D RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12

Legend: x = Don’t care, N/A = Not available. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP3 in a given mode.

Note 1: With ECCP3 in Quad PWM mode, CCP4’s output is overridden by P1D; otherwise, CCP4 is fully operational.

Note: The Special Event Trigger from ECCP2

will not set the Timer1 or Timer3 interrupt

flag bits.

Note: When setting up single-output PWM

operations, users are free to use either of

the processes described in Section 17.4.3

“Setup for PWM Operation” or

Section 18.4.9 “Setup for PWM Opera-

tion”. The latter is more generic but will

work for either single or multi-output PWM.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4 Enhanced PWM Mode

The Enhanced PWM mode provides additional PWM

output options for a broader range of control applica-

tions. The module is a backward compatible version of

the standard CCP module and offers up to four outputs,

designated PxA through PxD. Users are also able to

select the polarity of the signal (either active-high or

active-low). The module’s output mode and polarity

are configured by setting the PxM<1:0> and

CCPxM<3:0> bits of the CCPxCON register

(CCPxCON<7:6> and CCPxCON<3:0>, respectively).

For the sake of clarity, Enhanced PWM mode operation

is described generically throughout this section with

respect to ECCP1 and TMR2 modules. Control register

names are presented in terms of ECCP1. All three

Enhanced modules, as well as the two timer resources,

can be used interchangeably and function identically.

TMR2 or TMR4 can be selected for PWM operation by

selecting the proper bits in T3CON.

Figure 18-1 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM

operation. All control registers are double-buffered and

are loaded at the beginning of a new PWM cycle (the

period boundary when Timer2 resets) in order to pre-

vent glitches on any of the outputs. The exception is the

PWM Delay register, ECCP1DEL, which is loaded at

either the duty cycle boundary or the boundary period

(whichever comes first). Because of the buffering, the

module waits until the assigned timer resets instead of

starting immediately. This means that Enhanced PWM

waveforms do not exactly match the standard PWM

waveforms, but are instead offset by one full instruction

cycle (4 TOSC).

As before, the user must manually configure the

appropriate TRIS bits for output.

18.4.1 PWM PERIOD

The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2

equation:

EQUATION 18-1:

PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period]. When

TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events occur

on the next increment cycle:

•TMR2 is cleared

• The ECCP1 pin is set (if PWM duty cycle = 0%,

the ECCP1 pin will not be set)

• The PWM duty cycle is copied from CCPR1L into

CCPR1H

FIGURE 18-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE ENHANCED PWM MODULE

Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 14.0

“Timer2 Module”) is not used in the

determination of the PWM frequency. The

postscaler could be used to have a servo

update rate at a different frequency than

the PWM output.

PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •

(TMR2 Prescale Value)

CCPR1L

CCPR1H (Slave)

Comparator

TMR2

Comparator

PR2

(Note 1)

Duty Cycle Registers CCP1CON<5:4>

Clear Timer,

set ECCP1 pin and

latch D.C.

Note: The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit

time base.

TRISx<x>

ECCP1/P1A

TRISx<x>

P1B

TRISx<x>

P1D

Output

Controller

P1M1<1:0>

CCP1M<3:0>

ECCP1DEL

ECCP1/P1A

P1B

P1C

P1D

P1C

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE

The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the

CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up

to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains

the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the

two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by

CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The PWM duty cycle is

calculated by the equation:

EQUATION 18-2:

CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any

time but the duty cycle value is not copied into

CCPR1H until a match between PR2 and TMR2 occurs

(i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode, CCPR1H

is a read-only register.

The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are

used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This

double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM opera-

tion. When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2,

concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or two bits

of the TMR2 prescaler, the ECCP1 pin is cleared. The

maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM

frequency is given by the equation:

EQUATION 18-3:

18.4.3 PWM OUTPUT CONFIGURATIONS

The P1M<1:0> bits in the CCP1CON register allow one

of four configurations:

• Single Output

• Half-Bridge Output

• Full-Bridge Output, Forward mode

• Full-Bridge Output, Reverse mode

The Single Output mode is the standard PWM mode

discussed in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.

The Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output modes are

covered in detail in the sections that follow.

The general relationship of the outputs in all

configurations is summarized in Figure 18-2.

TABLE 18-4: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz

PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •

TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)

( )

PWM Resolution (max) =

FOSC

FPWM

log

log(2) bits

Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than

the PWM period, the ECCP1 pin will not

be cleared.

PWM Frequency 2.44 kHz 9.77 kHz 39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz

Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)1641111

PR2 Value FFh FFh FFh 3Fh 1Fh 17h

Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 6.58

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 18-2: PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-HIGH STATE)

FIGURE 18-3: PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE)

Period

SIGNAL

PR2 + 1

CCP1CON<7:6>

P1A Modulated

P1B Modulated

P1A Active

P1B Inactive

P1C Inactive

P1D Modulated

P1A Inactive

P1B Modulated

P1C Active

P1D Inactive

Duty

Cycle

(Single Output)

(Half-Bridge)

(Full-Bridge,

Forward)

(Full-Bridge,

Reverse)

Delay(1) Delay(1)

Period

SIGNAL PR2 + 1

CCP1CON<7:6> Duty

Cycle

(Single Output)

(Half-Bridge)

(Full-Bridge,

Forward)

(Full-Bridge,

Reverse)

Delay(1) Delay(1)

Relationships:

• Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)

• Duty Cycle = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)

• Delay = 4 * TOSC * (ECCP1DEL<6:0>)

Note 1: The dead-band delay is programmed using the ECCP1DEL register (Section 18.4.6 “Programmable

Dead-Band Delay”).

P1A Modulated

P1B Modulated

P1A Active

P1B Inactive

P1C Inactive

P1D Modulated

P1A Inactive

P1B Modulated

P1C Active

P1D Inactive

V V

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.4 HALF-BRIDGE MODE

In the Half-Bridge Output mode, two pins are used as

outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output

signal is output on the P1A pin, while the complemen-

tary PWM output signal is output on the P1B pin

(Figure 18-4). This mode can be used for half-bridge

applications, as shown in Figure 18-5, or for full-bridge

applications, where four power switches are being

modulated with two PWM signals.

In Half-Bridge Output mode, the programmable

dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through

current in half-bridge power devices. The value of bits,

P1DC<6:0>, sets the number of instruction cycles

before the output is driven active. If the value is greater

than the duty cycle, the corresponding output remains

inactive during the entire cycle. See Section 18.4.6

“Programmable Dead-Band Delay” for more details

on dead-band delay operations.

Since the P1A and P1B outputs are multiplexed with

the PORTC<2> and PORTE<6> data latches, the

TRISC<2> and TRISE<6> bits must be cleared to

configure P1A and P1B as outputs.

FIGURE 18-4: HALF-BRIDGE PWM

OUTPUT

FIGURE 18-5: EXAMPLES OF HALF-BRIDGE OUTPUT MODE APPLICATIONS

Period

Duty Cycle

(1)

P1A(2)

P1B(2)

td = Dead Band Delay

Period

(1) (1)

Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the

PR2 register.

2: The output signals are shown as active-high.

PIC18F87J10

P1A

P1B

FET

Driver

FET

Driver

V+

V-

Load

FET

Driver

FET

Driver

V+

V-

Load

FET

Driver

FET

Driver

PIC18F87J10

P1A

P1B

Standard Half-Bridge Circuit (“Push-Pull”)

Half-Bridge Output Driving a Full-Bridge Circuit

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.5 FULL-BRIDGE MODE

In Full-Bridge Output mode, four pins are used as

outputs; however, only two outputs are active at a time.

In the Forward mode, pin P1A is continuously active

and pin P1D is modulated. In the Reverse mode, pin

P1C is continuously active and pin P1B is modulated.

These are illustrated in Figure 18-6.

P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D outputs are multiplexed with

the port pins as described in Table 18-1, Table 18-2

and Table 18-3. The corresponding TRIS bits must be

cleared to make the P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D pins

outputs.

FIGURE 18-6: FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT

Period

Duty Cycle

P1A(2)

P1B(2)

P1C(2)

P1D(2)

Forward Mode

(1)

Period

Duty Cycle

P1A(2)

P1C(2)

P1D(2)

P1B(2)

Reverse Mode

(1)

Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register.

Note 2: The output signal is shown as active-high.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 18-7: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE APPLICATION

18.4.5.1 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode

In the Full-Bridge Output mode, the P1M1 bit in the

CCP1CON register allows users to control the forward/

reverse direction. When the application firmware

changes this direction control bit, the module will

assume the new direction on the next PWM cycle.

Just before the end of the current PWM period, the

modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) are placed in their

inactive state, while the unmodulated outputs (P1A and

P1C) are switched to drive in the opposite direction.

This occurs in a time interval of (4 TOSC * (Timer2

Prescale Value) before the next PWM period begins.

The Timer2 prescaler will be either 1, 4 or 16, depend-

ing on the value of the T2CKPS bits (T2CON<1:0>).

During the interval from the switch of the unmodulated

outputs to the beginning of the next period, the

modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) remain inactive.

This relationship is shown in Figure 18-8.

Note that in the Full-Bridge Output mode, the ECCP1

module does not provide any dead-band delay. In

general, since only one output is modulated at all times,

dead-band delay is not required. However, there is a

situation where a dead-band delay might be required.

This situation occurs when both of the following

conditions are true:

1. The direction of the PWM output changes when

the duty cycle of the output is at or near 100%.

2. The turn-off time of the power switch, including

the power device and driver circuit, is greater

than the turn-on time.

Figure 18-9 shows an example where the PWM direc-

tion changes from forward to reverse at a near 100%

duty cycle. At time t1, the outputs P1A and P1D

become inactive, while output P1C becomes active. In

this example, since the turn-off time of the power

devices is longer than the turn-on time, a shoot-through

current may flow through power devices QC and QD

(see Figure 18-7) for the duration of ‘t’. The same

phenomenon will occur to power devices QA and QB

for PWM direction change from reverse to forward.

If changing PWM direction at high duty cycle is required

for an application, one of the following requirements

must be met:

1. Reduce PWM for a PWM period before

changing directions.

2. Use switch drivers that can drive the switches off

faster than they can drive them on.

Other options to prevent shoot-through current may

exist.

PIC18F87J10

P1A

P1C

FET

Driver

FET

Driver

V+

V-

Load

FET

Driver

FET

Driver

P1B

P1D

QB QD

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 18-8: PWM DIRECTION CHANGE

FIGURE 18-9: PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE

Period(1)

SIGNAL

Note 1: The direction bit in the ECCP1 Control register (CCP1CON<7>) is written at any time during the PWM cycle.

2: When changing directions, the P1A and P1C signals switch before the end of the current PWM cycle at intervals

of 4 TOSC, 16 TOSC or 64 TOSC, depending on the Timer2 prescaler value. The modulated P1B and P1D signals

are inactive at this time.

Period

(Note 2)

P1A (Active-High)

P1B (Active-High)

P1C (Active-High)

P1D (Active-High)

Forward Period Reverse Period

P1A(1)

tON(2)

tOFF(3)

t = tOFF – tON(2,3)

P1B(1)

P1C(1)

P1D(1)

External Switch D(1)

Potential

Shoot-Through

Current(1)

Note 1: All signals are shown as active-high.

2: tON is the turn-on delay of power switch, QC, and its driver.

3: tOFF is the turn-off delay of power switch, QD, and its driver.

External Switch C(1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.6 PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND

DELAY

In half-bridge applications, where all power switches

are modulated at the PWM frequency at all times, the

power switches normally require more time to turn off

than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power

switches are switched at the same time (one turned on

and the other turned off), both switches may be on for

a short period of time until one switch completely turns

off. During this brief interval, a very high current

(shoot-through current) may flow through both power

switches, shorting the bridge supply. To avoid this

potentially destructive shoot-through current from flow-

ing during switching, turning on either of the power

switches is normally delayed to allow the other switch

to completely turn off.

In the Half-Bridge Output mode, a digitally program-

mable dead-band delay is available to avoid

shoot-through current from destroying the bridge

power switches. The delay occurs at the signal

transition from the non-active state to the active state.

See Figure 18-4 for illustration. The lower seven bits of

the ECCP1DEL register (Register 18-2) set the delay

period in terms of microcontroller instruction cycles

CY or 4 TOSC).

18.4.7 ENHANCED PWM

AUTO-SHUTDOWN

When the ECCP1 is programmed for any of the

Enhanced PWM modes, the active output pins may be

configured for auto-shutdown. Auto-shutdown immedi-

ately places the Enhanced PWM output pins into a

defined shutdown state when a shutdown event

occurs.

A shutdown event can be caused by either of the two

comparator modules or the FLT0 pin (or any combination

of these three sources). The comparators may be used

to monitor a voltage input proportional to a current being

monitored in the bridge circuit. If the voltage exceeds a

threshold, the comparator switches state and triggers a

shutdown. Alternatively, a low-level digital signal on the

FLT0 pin can also trigger a shutdown. The

auto-shutdown feature can be disabled by not selecting

any auto-shutdown sources. The auto-shutdown sources

to be used are selected using the ECCP1AS<2:0> bits

(bits<6:4> of the ECCP1AS register).

When a shutdown occurs, the output pins are

asynchronously placed in their shutdown states,

specified by the PSS1AC<1:0> and PSS1BD<1:0> bits

(ECCP1AS<3:0>). Each pin pair (P1A/P1C and P1B/

P1D) may be set to drive high, drive low or be tri-stated

(not driving). The ECCP1ASE bit (ECCP1AS<7>) is

also set to hold the Enhanced PWM outputs in their

shutdown states.

The ECCP1ASE bit is set by hardware when a

shutdown event occurs. If automatic restarts are not

enabled, the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared by firmware

when the cause of the shutdown clears. If automatic

restarts are enabled, the ECCP1ASE bit is automati-

cally cleared when the cause of the auto-shutdown has

cleared.

If the ECCP1ASE bit is set when a PWM period begins,

the PWM outputs remain in their shutdown state for that

entire PWM period. When the ECCP1ASE bit is

cleared, the PWM outputs will return to normal

operation at the beginning of the next PWM period.

Note: Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled

while a shutdown condition is active.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

PxRSEN PxDC6 PxDC5 PxDC4 PxDC3 PxDC2 PxDC1 PxDC0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 PxRSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit

1 = Upon auto-shutdown, the ECCPxASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown event goes

away; the PWM restarts automatically

0 = Upon auto-shutdown, ECCPxASE must be cleared in software to restart the PWM

bit 6-0 PxDC<6:0>: PWM Delay Count bits

Delay time, in number of FOSC/4 (4 * TOSC) cycles, between the scheduled and actual time for a PWM

signal to transition to active.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.7.1 Auto-Shutdown and Automatic

Restart

The auto-shutdown feature can be configured to allow

automatic restarts of the module following a shutdown

event. This is enabled by setting the P1RSEN bit of the

ECCP1DEL register (ECCP1DEL<7>).

In Shutdown mode with P1RSEN = 1 (Figure 18-10),

the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set for as long as the

cause of the shutdown continues. When the shutdown

condition clears, the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared. If

P1RSEN = 0 (Figure 18-11), once a shutdown condi-

tion occurs, the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set until it is

cleared by firmware. Once ECCP1ASE is cleared, the

Enhanced PWM will resume at the beginning of the

next PWM period.

Independent of the P1RSEN bit setting, if the

auto-shutdown source is one of the comparators, the

shutdown condition is a level. The ECCP1ASE bit

cannot be cleared as long as the cause of the shutdown

persists.

The Auto-Shutdown mode can be forced by writing a ‘1’

to the ECCP1ASE bit.

18.4.8 START-UP CONSIDERATIONS

When the ECCP1 module is used in the PWM mode,

the application hardware must use the proper external

pull-up and/or pull-down resistors on the PWM output

pins. When the microcontroller is released from Reset,

all of the I/O pins are in the high-impedance state. The

external circuits must keep the power switch devices in

the OFF state until the microcontroller drives the I/O

pins with the proper signal levels, or activates the PWM

output(s).

The CCP1M<1:0> bits (CCP1CON<1:0>) allow the

user to choose whether the PWM output signals are

active-high or active-low for each pair of PWM output

pins (P1A/P1C and P1B/P1D). The PWM output

polarities must be selected before the PWM pins are

configured as outputs. Changing the polarity configura-

tion while the PWM pins are configured as outputs is

not recommended since it may result in damage to the

application circuits.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ECCPxASE ECCPxAS2 ECCPxAS1 ECCPxAS0 PSSxAC1 PSSxAC0 PSSxBD1 PSSxBD0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 ECCPxASE: ECCPx Auto-Shutdown Event Status bit

1 = A shutdown event has occurred; ECCPx outputs are in a shutdown state

0 = ECCPx outputs are operating

bit 6-4 ECCPxAS<2:0>: ECCPx Auto-Shutdown Source Select bits

111 = FLT0 or Comparator 1 or Comparator 2

110 = FLT0 or Comparator 2

101 = FLT0 or Comparator 1

100 = FLT0

011 = Either Comparator 1 or 2

010 = Comparator 2 output

001 = Comparator 1 output

000 = Auto-shutdown is disabled

bit 3-2 PSSxAC<1:0>: Pins A and C Shutdown State Control bits

1x = Pins A and C tri-state

01 = Drive Pins A and C to ‘1’

00 = Drive Pins A and C to ‘0’

bit 1-0 PSSxBD<1:0>: Pins B and D Shutdown State Control bits(1)

1x = Pins B and D tri-state

01 = Drive Pins B and D to ‘1’

00 = Drive Pins B and D to ‘0’

Note: Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled

while a shutdown condition is active.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

The P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D output latches may not be

in the proper states when the PWM module is initialized.

Enabling the PWM pins for output at the same time as

the ECCP1 module may cause damage to the applica-

tion circuit. The ECCP1 module must be enabled in the

proper output mode and complete a full PWM cycle

before configuring the PWM pins as outputs. The com-

pletion of a full PWM cycle is indicated by the TMR2IF

bit being set as the second PWM period begins.

FIGURE 18-10: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 1, AUTO-RESTART ENABLED)

FIGURE 18-11: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 0, AUTO-RESTART DISABLED)

Shutdown

PWM

ECCP1ASE bit

Activity

Event

Shutdown

Event Occurs

Shutdown

Event Clears

PWM

Resumes

Normal PWM

Start of

PWM Period

Shutdown

PWM

ECCP1ASE bit

Activity

Event

Shutdown

Event Occurs

Shutdown

Event Clears

PWM

Resumes

Normal PWM

Start of

PWM Period

ECCP1ASE

Cleared by

Firmware

PWM Period

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

18.4.9 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION

The following steps should be taken when configuring

the ECCPx module for PWM operation:

1. Configure the PWM pins, PxA and PxB (and

PxC and PxD, if used), as inputs by setting the

corresponding TRIS bits.

2. Set the PWM period by loading the PR2 (PR4)

3. Configure the ECCPx module for the desired

PWM mode and configuration by loading the

CCPxCON register with the appropriate values:

• Select one of the available output

configurations and direction with the

PxM<1:0> bits.

• Select the polarities of the PWM output

signals with the CCPxM<3:0> bits.

4. Set the PWM duty cycle by loading the CCPRxL

5. For auto-shutdown:

• Disable auto-shutdown; ECCP1ASE = 0.

• Configure auto-shutdown source.

• Wait for Run condition.

6. For Half-Bridge Output mode, set the

dead-band delay by loading ECCPxDEL<6:0>

with the appropriate value.

7. If auto-shutdown operation is required, load the

ECCPxAS register:

• Select the auto-shutdown sources using the

ECCPxAS<2:0> bits.

• Select the shutdown states of the PWM

output pins using the PSSxAC<1:0> and

PSSxBD<1:0> bits.

• Set the ECCPxASE bit (ECCPxAS<7>).

8. If auto-restart operation is required, set the

PxRSEN bit (ECCPxDEL<7>).

9. Configure and start TMRx (TMR2 or TMR4):

• Clear the TMRx interrupt flag bit by clearing

the TMRxIF bit (PIR1<1> for Timer2 or

PIR3<3> for Timer4).

• Set the TMRx prescale value by loading the

TxCKPS bits (TxCON<1:0>).

• Enable Timer2 (or Timer4) by setting the

TMRxON bit (TxCON<2>).

10. Enable PWM outputs after a new PWM cycle

has started:

• Wait until TMRx overflows (TMRxIF bit is set).

• Enable the ECCPx/PxA, PxB, PxC and/or

PxD pin outputs by clearing the respective

TRIS bits.

• Clear the ECCPxASE bit (ECCPxAS<7>).

18.4.10 EFFECTS OF A RESET

Both Power-on Reset and subsequent Resets will force

all ports to Input mode and the ECCP registers to their

Reset states.

This forces the Enhanced CCP module to reset to a

state compatible with the standard CCP module.

POR BOR T1 SYNC TSSYNC CCPXC ECCPXDEL

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 18-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ECCP MODULES AND TIMER1 TO TIMER4

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

RCON IPEN — — RI TO PD POR BOR 54

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF — — BCL1IF — TMR3IF CCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE — — BCL1IE — TMR3IE CCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP — — BCL1IP — TMR3IP CCP2IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 56

TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 56

TRISE TRISE7 TRISE6 TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 56

TRISG — — — TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 56

TRISH TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 56

TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 54

TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 54

T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 54

TMR2 Timer2 Register 54

T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 54

PR2 Timer2 Period Register 54

TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 55

TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 55

T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 55

TMR4 Timer4 Register 57

T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 57

PR4 Timer4 Period Register 57

CCPRxL(1) Capture/Compare/PWM Register x Low Byte 55

CCPRxH(1) Capture/Compare/PWM Register x High Byte 55,

CCPxCON(1) PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0 55

ECCPxAS(1) ECCPxASE ECCPxAS2 ECCPxAS1 ECCPxAS0 PSSxAC1 PSSxAC0 PSSxBD1 PSSxBD0 55, 57

ECCPxDEL(1) PxRSEN PxDC6 PxDC5 PxDC4 PxDC3 PxDC2 PxDC1 PxDC0 57

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during ECCP operation.

Note 1: Generic term for all of the identical registers of this name for all Enhanced CCP modules, where ‘x’ identifies the

individual module (ECCP1, ECCP2 or ECCP3). Bit assignments and Reset values for all registers of the same

generic name are identical.

E Q RD7/ﬁ \ K4 ; u: Sx i TMR2 0mm 52% i

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS

SERIAL PORT (MSSP)

MODULE

19.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module

Overview

The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is

a serial interface, useful for communicating with other

peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral

devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers,

display drivers, A/D Converters, etc. The MSSP

module can operate in one of two modes:

• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C™)

- Full Master mode

- Slave mode (with general address call)

The I2C interface supports the following modes in

hardware:

•Master mode

• Multi-Master mode

• Slave mode (with address masking for both 10-bit

and 7-bit addressing)

All members of the PIC18F87J10 family have two

MSSP modules, designated as MSSP1 and MSSP2.

Each module operates independently of the other.

19.2 Control Registers

Each MSSP module has three associated control regis-

ters. These include a status register (SSPxSTAT) and

two control registers (SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2). The

use of these registers and their individual Configuration

bits differ significantly depending on whether the MSSP

module is operated in SPI or I2C mode.

Additional details are provided under the individual

sections.

19.3 SPI Mode

The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously

transmitted and received simultaneously. All four

modes of SPI are supported. To accomplish

communication, typically three pins are used:

• Serial Data Out (SDOx) – RC5/SDO1 or

RD4/SDO2

• Serial Data In (SDIx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1 or

RD5/SDI2/SDA2

• Serial Clock (SCKx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1 or

RD6/SCK2/SCL2

Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave

mode of operation:

• Slave Select (SSx) – RF7/SS1 or RD7/SS2

Figure 19-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP

module when operating in SPI mode.

FIGURE 19-1: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM

(SPI MODE)

Note: Throughout this section, generic refer-

ences to an MSSP module in any of its

operating modes may be interpreted as

being equally applicable to MSSP1 or

MSSP2. Register names and module I/O

signals use the generic designator ‘x’ to

indicate the use of a numeral to distinguish

a particular module when required. Control

bit names are not individuated.

Note: In devices with more than one MSSP

module, it is very important to pay close

attention to SSPCON register names.

SSP1CON1 and SSP1CON2 control

different operational aspects of the same

module, while SSP1CON1 and

SSP2CON1 control the same features for

two different modules.

( )

Read Write

Internal

Data Bus

SSPxSR reg

SSPM<3:0>

bit 0 Shift

Clock

SSx Control

Enable

Edge

Select

Clock Select

TMR2 Output

TOSC

Prescaler

4, 16, 64

Edge

Select

Data to TXx/RXx in SSPxSR

TRIS bit

SMP:CKE

SDOx

SSPxBUF reg

SDIx

SSx

SCKx

Note: Only port I/O names are used in this diagram for

the sake of brevity. Refer to the text for a full list of

multiplexed functions.

)>\ E‘ SPI Master mode. SPI save mode. La/Address Write

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.1 REGISTERS

Each MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode

operation. These are:

• MSSP Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)

• MSSP Status Register (SSPxSTAT)

• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register

(SSPxBUF)

• MSSP Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly

accessible

SSPxCON1 and SSPxSTAT are the control and status

registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPxCON1

the SSPxSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the

SSPxSTAT are read/write.

SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or

out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data

bytes are written to or read from.

In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF

together create a double-buffered receiver. When

SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to

SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.

During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not

double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both

SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0

SMP CKE(1) D/A PSR/WUA BF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SMP: Sample bit

SPI Master mode:

1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time

0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time

SPI Slave mode:

SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode.

bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Select bit(1)

1 = Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state

0 = Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state

bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit

Used in I2C mode only.

bit 4 P: Stop bit

Used in I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared.

bit 3 S: Start bit

Used in I2C mode only.

bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit

Used in I2C mode only.

bit 1 UA: Update Address bit

Used in I2C mode only.

bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only)

1 = Receive complete, SSPxBUF is full

0 = Receive not complete, SSPxBUF is empty

Note 1: The polarity of the clock state is set by the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>).

[1) SPI save mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

WCOL SSPOV(1) SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit

1 = The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word

(must be cleared in software)

0 = No collision

bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit(1)

SPI Slave mode:

1 = A new byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of over-

flow, the data in SSPxSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user must read the

SSPxBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow (must be cleared in software).

0 = No overflow

bit 5 SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit

1 = Enables serial port and configures SCKx, SDOx, SDIx and SSx as serial port pins(2)

0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins(2)

bit 4 CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit

1 = Idle state for clock is a high level

0 = Idle state for clock is a low level

bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits

0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control disabled, SSx can be used as I/O pin(3)

0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control enabled(3)

0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2(3)

0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64(3)

0001 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16(3)

0000 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4(3)

Note 1: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by

writing to the SSPxBUF register.

2: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.

3: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in I2C mode only.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.2 OPERATION

When initializing the SPI, several options need to be

specified. This is done by programming the appropriate

control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>).

These control bits allow the following to be specified:

• Master mode (SCKx is the clock output)

• Slave mode (SCKx is the clock input)

• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCKx)

• Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data

output time)

• Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of

SCKx)

• Clock Rate (Master mode only)

• Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)

Each MSSP module consists of a transmit/receive shift

The SSPxSR shifts the data in and out of the device,

MSb first. The SSPxBUF holds the data that was written

to the SSPxSR until the received data is ready. Once the

8 bits of data have been received, that byte is moved to

the SSPxBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full detect bit,

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), and the interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF,

are set. This double-buffering of the received data

(SSPxBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before

reading the data that was just received. Any write to the

SSPxBUF register during transmission/reception of data

will be ignored and the Write Collision Detect bit, WCOL

(SSPxCON1<7>), will be set. User software must clear

the WCOL bit so that it can be determined if the following

write(s) to the SSPxBUF register completed

successfully.

When the application software is expecting to receive

valid data, the SSPxBUF should be read before the next

byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPxBUF. The

Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), indicates when

SSPxBUF has been loaded with the received data

(transmission is complete). When the SSPxBUF is read,

the BF bit is cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the

SPI is only a transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt

is used to determine when the transmission/reception

has completed. If the interrupt method is not going to be

used, then software polling can be done to ensure that a

write collision does not occur. Example 19-1 shows the

loading of the SSPxBUF (SSPxSR) for data

transmission.

The SSPxSR is not directly readable or writable and

can only be accessed by addressing the SSPxBUF

the various status conditions.

EXAMPLE 19-1: LOADING THE SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) REGISTER

LOOP BTFSS SSP1STAT, BF ;Has data been received (transmit complete)?

BRA LOOP ;No

MOVF SSP1BUF, W ;WREG reg = contents of SSP1BUF

MOVWF RXDATA ;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful

MOVF TXDATA, W ;W reg = contents of TXDATA

MOVWF SSP1BUF ;New data to xmit

SSX SSX

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.3 ENABLING SPI I/O

To enable the serial port, MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN

(SSPxCON1<5>), must be set. To reset or reconfigure

SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, reinitialize the

SSPxCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This

configures the SDIx, SDOx, SCKx and SSx pins as

serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port

function, some must have their data direction bits (in

the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as

follows:

• SDIx is automatically controlled by the

SPI module

• SDOx must have the TRISC<5> or TRISD<4> bit

cleared

• SCKx (Master mode) must have the TRISC<3> or

TRISD<6>bit cleared

• SCKx (Slave mode) must have the TRISC<3> or

TRISD<6> bit set

• SSx must have the TRISF<7> or TRISD<7> bit

set

Any serial port function that is not desired may be

overridden by programming the corresponding Data

Direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.

19.3.4 TYPICAL CONNECTION

Figure 19-2 shows a typical connection between two

microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1)

initiates the data transfer by sending the SCKx signal.

Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their pro-

grammed clock edge and latched on the opposite edge

of the clock. Both processors should be programmed to

the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then both controllers

would send and receive data at the same time.

Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy data)

depends on the application software. This leads to

three scenarios for data transmission:

• Master sends data – Slave sends dummy data

• Master sends data – Slave sends data

• Master sends dummy data – Slave sends data

FIGURE 19-2: SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION

Serial Input Buffer

(SSPxBUF)

Shift Register

(SSPxSR)

MSb LSb

SDOx

SDIx

PROCESSOR 1

SCKx

SPI Master SSPM<3:0> = 00xxb

Serial Input Buffer

(SSPxBUF)

Shift Register

(SSPxSR)

LSb

MSb

SDIx

SDOx

PROCESSOR 2

SCKx

SPI Slave SSPM<3:0> = 010xb

Serial Clock

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.5 MASTER MODE

The master can initiate the data transfer at any time

because it controls the SCKx. The master determines

when the slave (Processor 1, Figure 19-2) is to

broadcast data by the software protocol.

In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as

soon as the SSPxBUF register is written to. If the SPI

is only going to receive, the SDOx output could be dis-

abled (programmed as an input). The SSPxSR register

will continue to shift in the signal present on the SDIx

pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is

received, it will be loaded into the SSPxBUF register as

if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits

appropriately set). This could be useful in receiver

applications as a “Line Activity Monitor” mode.

The clock polarity is selected by appropriately

programming the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>). This then,

would give waveforms for SPI communication as

shown in Figure 19-3, Figure 19-5 and Figure 19-6,

where the MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the

SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user programmable to be one

of the following:

•F

OSC/4 (or TCY)

•FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY)

•F

OSC/64 (or 16 • TCY)

• Timer2 output/2

This allows a maximum data rate (at 40 MHz) of

10.00 Mbps.

Figure 19-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.

When the CKE bit is set, the SDOx data is valid before

there is a clock edge on SCKx. The change of the input

sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The

time when the SSPxBUF is loaded with the received

data is shown.

FIGURE 19-3: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE)

SCKx

(CKP = 0

SCKx

(CKP = 1

SCKx

(CKP = 0

SCKx

(CKP = 1

4 Clock

Modes

Input

Sample

Input

Sample

SDIx

bit 7 bit 0

SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

bit 7

SDIx

SSPxIF

(SMP = 1)

(SMP = 0)

(SMP = 1)

CKE = 1)

CKE = 0)

CKE = 1)

CKE = 0)

(SMP = 0)

Write to

SSPxBUF

SSPxSR to

SSPxBUF

SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

(CKE = 0)

(CKE = 1)

Next Q4 Cycle

after Q2↓

bit 0

SSX 010 module wiH resel il :he SSx E 2% E E 4}

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.6 SLAVE MODE

In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as

the external clock pulses appear on SCKx. When the

last bit is latched, the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.

While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by

the external clock source on the SCKx pin. This

external clock must meet the minimum high and low

times as specified in the electrical specifications.

While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive

data. When a byte is received, the device can be

configured to wake-up from Sleep.

19.3.7 SLAVE SELECT

SYNCHRONIZATION

The SSx pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The

SPI must be in Slave mode with the SSx pin control

enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> = 04h). When the SSx pin

is low, transmission and reception are enabled and the

SDOx pin is driven. When the SSx pin goes high, the

SDOx pin is no longer driven, even if in the middle of a

transmitted byte and becomes a floating output.

External pull-up/pull-down resistors may be desirable

depending on the application.

When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced

to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SSx pin to

a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit.

To emulate two-wire communication, the SDOx pin can

be connected to the SDIx pin. When the SPI needs to

operate as a receiver, the SDOx pin can be configured

as an input. This disables transmissions from the

SDOx. The SDIx can always be left as an input (SDI

function) since it cannot create a bus conflict.

FIGURE 19-4: SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM

Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode

with SSx pin control enabled

(SSPxCON1<3:0> = 0100), the SPI

module will reset if the SSx pin is set to VDD.

2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE

set, then the SSx pin control must be

enabled.

SCKx

(CKP = 1

SCKx

(CKP = 0

Input

Sample

SDIx

bit 7

SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 7

SSPxIF

Interrupt

(SMP = 0)

CKE = 0)

(SMP = 0)

Write to

SSPxBUF

SSPxSR to

SSPxBUF

SSx

Flag

bit 0

bit 7

bit 0

Next Q4 Cycle

after Q2

↓

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-5: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)

FIGURE 19-6: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)

SCKx

(CKP = 1

SCKx

(CKP = 0

Input

Sample

SDIx

bit 7

SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

SSPxIF

Interrupt

(SMP = 0)

CKE = 0)

(SMP = 0)

Write to

SSPxBUF

SSPxSR to

SSPxBUF

SSx

Flag

Optional

Next Q4 Cycle

after Q2↓

bit 0

SCKx

(CKP = 1

SCKx

(CKP = 0

Input

Sample

SDIx

bit 7 bit 0

SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

SSPxIF

Interrupt

(SMP = 0)

CKE = 1)

(SMP = 0)

Write to

SSPxBUF

SSPxSR to

SSPxBUF

SSx

Flag

Not Optional

Next Q4 Cycle

after Q2↓

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.3.8 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED

MODES

In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating

at a different speed than when in Full-Power mode; in

the case of the Sleep mode, all clocks are halted.

In Idle modes, a clock is provided to the peripherals.

That clock can be from the primary clock source, the

secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) or the INTOSC

source. See Section 3.6 “Clock Sources and

Oscillator Switching” for additional information.

In most cases, the speed that the master clocks SPI

data is not important; however, this should be

evaluated for each system.

If MSSP interrupts are enabled, they can wake the con-

troller from Sleep mode, or one of the Idle modes, when

the master completes sending data. If an exit from

Sleep or Idle mode is not desired, MSSP interrupts

should be disabled.

If the Sleep mode is selected, all module clocks are

halted and the transmission/reception will remain in

that state until the devices wakes. After the device

returns to Run mode, the module will resume

transmitting and receiving data.

In SPI Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift

allows the device to be placed in any power-managed

mode and data to be shifted into the SPI

Transmit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have

been received, the MSSP interrupt flag bit will be set

and if enabled, will wake the device.

19.3.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET

A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the

current transfer.

19.3.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY

Table 19-1 shows the compatibility between the

standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and

CKE control bits.

TABLE 19-1: SPI BUS MODES

There is also an SMP bit which controls when the data

is sampled.

19.3.11 SPI CLOCK SPEED AND MODULE

INTERACTIONS

Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent

modules, they can operate simultaneously at different

data rates. Setting the SSPM<3:0> bits of the

SSPxCON1 register determines the rate for the

corresponding module.

An exception is when both modules use Timer2 as a

time base in Master mode. In this instance, any

changes to the Timer2 module’s operation will affect

both MSSP modules equally. If different bit rates are

required for each module, the user should select one of

the other three time base options for one of the

modules.

Standard SPI Mode

Terminology

Control Bits State

CKP CKE

0, 0 0 1

0, 1 0 0

1, 0 1 1

1, 1 1 0

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 19-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 56

TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 56

TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 —56

SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 54

SSPxCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 54, 57

SSPxSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 54, 57

SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 57

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in SPI mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4 I2C Mode

The MSSP module in I2C mode fully implements all

master and slave functions (including general call

support) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits

in hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master

function). The MSSP module implements the standard

mode specifications, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit

addressing.

Two pins are used for data transfer:

• Serial clock (SCLx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1 or

RD6/SCK2/SCL2

• Serial data (SDAx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1 or

RD5/SDI2/SDA2

The user must configure these pins as inputs by setting

the associated TRIS bits.

FIGURE 19-7: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM

(I2C™ MODE)

19.4.1 REGISTERS

The MSSP module has six registers for I2C operation.

These are:

• MSSP Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)

• MSSP Control Register 2 (SSPxCON2)

• MSSP Status Register (SSPxSTAT)

• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register

(SSPxBUF)

• MSSP Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly

accessible

• MSSP Address Register (SSPxADD)

SSPxCON1, SSPxCON2 and SSPxSTAT are the

control and status registers in I2C mode operation. The

SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2 registers are readable and

writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPxSTAT are

read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPxSTAT are

read/write.

SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or

out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data

bytes are written to or read from.

SSPxADD register holds the slave device address

when the MSSP is configured in I2C Slave mode.

When the MSSP is configured in Master mode, the

lower seven bits of SSPxADD act as the Baud Rate

Generator reload value.

In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF

together create a double-buffered receiver. When

SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to

SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.

During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not

double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both

SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.

Read Write

SSPxSR reg

Match Detect

SSPxADD reg

SSPxBUF reg

Internal

Data Bus

Addr Match

Set, Reset

S, P bits

(SSPxSTAT reg)

Shift

Clock

MSb LSb

Note: Only port I/O names are used in this diagram for

the sake of brevity. Refer to the text for a full list of

multiplexed functions.

SCLx

SDAx

Start and

Stop bit Detect

Address Mask

D/K El In Master or Slave mode. In Master or Slave mode. ta/Address In Master mode. In Slave mode. _ Write In Slave mode. In Master mode. In Transmit mode. In Receive mode. e ACK ACK El ACK

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0

SMP CKE D/A P(1) S(1) R/W(2,3) UA BF

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SMP: Slew Rate Control bit

In Master or Slave mode:

1 = Slew rate control disabled for Standard Speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz)

0 = Slew rate control enabled for High-Speed mode (400 kHz)

bit 6 CKE: SMBus Select bit

In Master or Slave mode:

1 = Enable SMBus specific inputs

0 = Disable SMBus specific inputs

bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit

In Master mode:

Reserved.

In Slave mode:

1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data

0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address

bit 4 P: Stop bit(1)

1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last

0 = Stop bit was not detected last

bit 3 S: Start bit(1)

1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last

0 = Start bit was not detected last

bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit(2,3)

In Slave mode:

1 = Read

0 = Write

In Master mode:

1 = Transmit is in progress

0 = Transmit is not in progress

bit 1 UA: Update Address bit (10-Bit Slave mode only)

1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPxADD register

0 = Address does not need to be updated

bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit

In Transmit mode:

1 = SSPxBUF is full

0 = SSPxBUF is empty

In Receive mode:

1 = SSPxBUF is full (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)

0 = SSPxBUF is empty (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)

Note 1: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.

2: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the

address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit.

3: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSPx is in Active mode.

In Master Transmit mode. In Slave TransmiI mode In Rece e mode MasIerorSIave modes In Rece' e mode. In Transmit mode. In Slave mode. In Master mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit

In Master Transmit mode:

1 = A write to the SSPxBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for a

transmission to be started (must be cleared in software)

0 = No collision

In Slave Transmit mode:

1 = The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in

software)

0 = No collision

In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes):

This is a “don’t care” bit.

bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit

In Receive mode:

1 = A byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous byte (must be cleared

in software)

0 = No overflow

In Transmit mode:

This is a “don’t care” bit in Transmit mode.

bit 5 SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit

1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDAx and SCLx pins as the serial port pins(1)

0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins(1)

bit 4 CKP: SCKx Release Control bit

In Slave mode:

1 = Release clock

0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch); used to ensure data setup time

In Master mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits

1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)

1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)

1011 = I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (slave Idle)(2)

1000 = I2C Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1))(2)

0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address(2)

0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address(2)

Note 1: When enabled, the SDAx and SCLx pins must be properly configured as input or output.

2: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in SPI mode only.

SENIZI In Master Recewe mode. In Slave mode. In Master Recewe mode. In Slave mode. In Master Recewe mode. In Slave mode. In Master mode. In Slave mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT/

ADMSK5(1)

ACKEN/

ADMSK4

RCEN/

ADMSK3

PEN/

ADMSK2

RSEN/

ADMSK1

SEN(2)

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)

1 = Enable interrupt when a general call address (0000h) is received in the SSPxSR

0 = General call address disabled

bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only)

1 = Acknowledge was not received from slave

0 = Acknowledge was received from slave

bit 5 ACKDT/ADMSK5: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)(1)

In Master Receive mode:

1 = Not Acknowledge

0 = Acknowledge

In Slave mode:

1 = Address masking of ADD5 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD5 disabled

bit 4 ACKEN/ADMSK4: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit

In Master Receive mode:(2)

1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDAx and SCLx pins and transmit ACKDT data bit.

Automatically cleared by hardware.

0 = Acknowledge sequence Idle

In Slave mode:

1 = Address masking of ADD4 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD4 disabled

bit 3 RCEN/ADMSK3: Receive Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)

In Master Receive mode:(2)

1 = Enables Receive mode for I2C

0 = Receive Idle

In Slave mode:

1 = Address masking of ADD3 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD3 disabled

bit 2 PEN/ADMSK2: Stop Condition Enable bit

In Master mode:(2)

1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.

0 = Stop condition Idle

In Slave mode:

1 = Address masking of ADD2 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD2 disabled

Note 1: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive.

2: For bits, ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is active, these bits may not be set (no

spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).

In Master mode. In Slave mode 7rBiI Addressing mode . In Slave mode IOVBII Addressmg mode . In Master mode. In Slave mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

bit 1 RSEN/ADMSK1: Repeated Start Condition Enable bit

In Master mode:(2)

1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.

0 = Repeated Start condition Idle

In Slave mode (7-Bit Addressing mode):

1 = Address masking of ADD1 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD1 disabled

In Slave mode (10-Bit Addressing mode):

1 = Address masking of ADD1 and ADD0 enabled

0 = Address masking of ADD1 and ADD0 disabled

bit 0 SEN: Start Condition Enable/Stretch Enable bit(2)

In Master mode:

1 = Initiate Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.

0 = Start condition Idle

In Slave mode:

1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled)

0 = Clock stretching is disabled

Note 1: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive.

2: For bits, ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is active, these bits may not be set (no

spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ADD7 ADD6 ADD5 ADD4 ADD3 ADD2 ADD1 ADD0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-0 ADD<7:0>: MSSP Address bits

Note 1: MSSP1 and MSSP2 Address register in I2C Slave mode. MSSP1 and MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload register

in I2C Master mode.

ACK ACK ACK S

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.2 OPERATION

The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting

MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN (SSPxCON1<5>).

The SSPxCON1 register allows control of the I2C

operation. Four mode selection bits (SSPxCON1<3:0>)

allow one of the following I2C modes to be selected:

•I

2C Master mode, clock

•I

2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing)

•I

2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing)

•I

2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing) with Start and

Stop bit interrupts enabled

•I

2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing) with Start and

Stop bit interrupts enabled

•I

2C Firmware Controlled Master mode, slave is

Idle

Selection of any I2C mode with the SSPEN bit set

forces the SCLx and SDAx pins to be open-drain,

provided these pins are programmed as inputs by

setting the appropriate TRISC or TRISD bits. To ensure

proper operation of the module, pull-up resistors must

be provided externally to the SCLx and SDAx pins.

19.4.3 SLAVE MODE

In Slave mode, the SCLx and SDAx pins must be

configured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The MSSP

module will override the input state with the output data

when required (slave-transmitter).

The I2C Slave mode hardware will always generate an

interrupt on an address match. Address masking will

allow the hardware to generate an interrupt for more

than one address (up to 31 in 7-bit addressing and up

to 63 in 10-bit addressing). Through the mode select

bits, the user can also choose to interrupt on Start and

Stop bits.

When an address is matched, or the data transfer after

an address match is received, the hardware auto-

matically will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse

and load the SSPxBUF register with the received value

currently in the SSPxSR register.

Any combination of the following conditions will cause

the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse:

• The Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), was set

before the transfer was received.

• The overflow bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>), was

set before the transfer was received.

In this case, the SSPxSR register value is not loaded

into the SSPxBUF, but bit, SSPxIF, is set. The BF bit is

cleared by reading the SSPxBUF register, while bit,

SSPOV, is cleared through software.

The SCLx clock input must have a minimum high and

low for proper operation. The high and low times of the

I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the

MSSP module, are shown in timing parameter 100 and

parameter 101.

19.4.3.1 Addressing

Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for

a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,

the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPxSR register. All

incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the

clock (SCLx) line. The value of register, SSPxSR<7:1>,

is compared to the value of the SSPxADD register. The

address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth

clock (SCLx) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF

and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:

1. The SSPxSR register value is loaded into the

SSPxBUF register.

2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set.

3. An ACK pulse is generated.

4. The MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPxIF, is set (and

interrupt is generated, if enabled) on the falling

edge of the ninth SCLx pulse.

In 10-Bit Addressing mode, two address bytes need to

be received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits

(MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit

address. Bit, R/W (SSPxSTAT<2>), must specify a

write so the slave device will receive the second

address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would

equal ‘11110 A9 A8 0’, where ‘A9’ and ‘A8’ are the

two MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for

10-bit addressing is as follows, with steps 7 through 9

for the slave-transmitter:

1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,

SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set on address match).

2. Update the SSPxADD register with second (low)

byte of address (clears bit, UA, and releases the

SCLx line).

3. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and

clear flag bit, SSPxIF.

4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits,

SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set).

5. Update the SSPxADD register with the first

(high) byte of address. If match releases the

SCLx line, this will clear bit, UA.

6. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and

clear flag bit, SSPxIF.

7. Receive Repeated Start condition.

8. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,

SSPxIF and BF, are set).

9. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and

clear flag bit, SSPxIF.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.3.2 Address Masking

Masking an address bit causes that bit to become a

“don’t care”. When one address bit is masked, two

addresses will be Acknowledged and cause an

interrupt. It is possible to mask more than one address

bit at a time, which makes it possible to Acknowledge

up to 31 addresses in 7-bit mode and up to

63 addresses in 10-bit mode (see Example 19-2).

The I2C slave behaves the same way whether address

masking is used or not. However, when address

masking is used, the I2C slave can Acknowledge

multiple addresses and cause interrupts. When this

occurs, it is necessary to determine which address

caused the interrupt by checking SSPxBUF.

• 7-Bit Addressing mode

Address Mask bits, ADMSK<5:1>, mask the

corresponding address bits in the SSPxADD

(ADMSK<x> = 1), the corresponding address bit is

ignored (ADD<x> = x). For the module to issue an

address Acknowledge, it is sufficient to match only

on addresses that do not have an active address

mask.

• 10-Bit Addressing mode

Address Mask bits, ADMSK<5:2>, mask the

corresponding address bits in the SSPxADD

masks the two LSBs of the address, ADD<1:0>.

For any ADMSK bits that are active

(ADMSK<x> = 1), the corresponding address bit is

ignored (ADD<x> = x). Also note, that although in

10-Bit Addressing mode, the upper address bits

reuse part of the SSPxADD register bits; the

address mask bits do not interact with those bits.

They only affect the lower address bits.

EXAMPLE 19-2: ADDRESS MASKING

Note 1: ADMSK<1> masks the two Least

Significant bits of the address.

2: The two Most Significant bits of the

address are not affected by address

masking.

7-Bit Addressing:

SSPxADD<7:1> = 1010 0000

ADMSK<5:1> = 00 111

Addresses Acknowledged = 0xA0, 0xA2, 0xA4, 0xA6

0xA8, 0xAA, 0xAC, 0xAE

10-Bit Addressing:

SSPxADD<7:0> = 1010 0000 (The two MSbs are ignored in this example since they are not affected.)

ADMSK<5:1> = 00 111

Addresses Acknowledged = 0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3

0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7

0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA 0xAB

0xAC, 0xAD, 0xAE, 0xAF

The upper two bits are not affected by the address masking.

E‘ (ACK E‘ s 3‘ (ACK

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.3.3 Reception

When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an

address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT

the SSPxBUF register and the SDAx line is held low

(ACK).

When the address byte overflow condition exists, then

the no Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow

condition is defined as either bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>),

is set, or bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>), is set.

An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer

byte. The interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF, must be cleared in

software. The SSPxSTAT register is used to determine

the status of the byte.

If SEN is enabled (SSPxCON2<0> = 1), SCLx will be

held low (clock stretch) following each data transfer. The

clock must be released by setting bit, CKP

(SSPxCON1<4>). See Section 19.4.4 “Clock

Stretching” for more detail.

19.4.3.4 Transmission

When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set

and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the

SSPxSTAT register is set. The received address is

loaded into the SSPxBUF register. The ACK pulse will

be sent on the ninth bit and the SCLx pin is held low

regardless of SEN (see Section 19.4.4 “Clock

Stretching” for more detail). By stretching the clock,

the master will be unable to assert another clock pulse

until the slave is done preparing the transmit data. The

transmit data must be loaded into the SSPxBUF regis-

ter which also loads the SSPxSR register. Then pin,

SCLx, should be enabled by setting bit, CKP

(SSPxCON1<4>). The eight data bits are shifted out on

the falling edge of the SCLx input. This ensures that the

SDAx signal is valid during the SCLx high time

(Figure 19-10).

The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on

the rising edge of the ninth SCLx input pulse. If the

SDAx line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is

complete. In this case, when the ACK is latched by the

slave, the slave logic is reset and the slave monitors for

another occurrence of the Start bit. If the SDAx line was

low (ACK), the next transmit data must be loaded into

the SSPxBUF register. Again, pin, SCLx, must be

enabled by setting bit, CKP.

An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer

byte. The SSPxIF bit must be cleared in software and

the SSPxSTAT register is used to determine the status

of the byte. The SSPxIF bit is set on the falling edge of

the ninth clock pulse.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-8: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

S1 234 567 89 1 2 345 67 89 1 2345 7 89 P

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

ACK

Receiving Data

ACK

Receiving Data

R/W = 0

ACK

Receiving Address

Cleared in software

SSPxBUF is read

Bus master

terminates

transfer

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

CKP

(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-9: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01011

(RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

S12345678912345678912345 789 P

A7 A6 A5 X A3 X X D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 D0 D7D6D5D4D3 D1D0

ACK

Receiving Data

ACK

Receiving Data

R/W = 0

ACK

Receiving Address

Cleared in software

SSPxBUF is read

Bus master

terminates

transfer

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

CKP

(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

Note 1: x = Don’t care (i.e., address bit can be either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’).

2: In this example, an address equal to A7.A6.A5.X.A3.X.X will be Acknowledged and cause an interrupt.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-10: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SSPxBUF is written in software

Cleared in software

Data in

sampled

ACK

Transmitting Data

R/W = 0

ACK

Receiving Address

A7 D7

9 1

D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SSPxBUF is written in software

Cleared in software

From SSPxIF ISR

Transmitting Data

CKP (SSPxCON<4>)

ACK

CKP is set in software CKP is set in software

SCLx held low

while CPU

responds to SSPxIF

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

From SSPxIF ISR

Clear by reading

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-11: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01001

(RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

S123456789 123456789 12345 789 P

1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 X A3 A2 X X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

Receive Data Byte

ACK

R/W = 0

ACK

Receive First Byte of Address

Cleared in software

Receive Second Byte of Address

Cleared by hardware

when SSPxADD is updated

with low byte of address

UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

UA is set indicating that

the SSPxADD needs to be

updated

UA is set indicating that

SSPxADD needs to be

updated

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with high

byte of address

SSPxBUF is written with

contents of SSPxSR

Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

ACK

CKP

12345 789

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

Receive Data Byte

Bus master

terminates

transfer

ACK

Cleared in software Cleared in software

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

Note 1: x = Don’t care (i.e., address bit can be either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’).

2: In this example, an address equal to A9.A8.A7.A6.A5.X.A3.A2.X.X will be Acknowledged and cause an interrupt.

3: Note that the Most Significant bits of the address are not affected by the bit masking.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-12: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

S123456789 123456789 12345 789 P

1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5 A4A3A2A1 A0 D7 D6D5D4D3 D1D0

Receive Data Byte

ACK

R/W = 0

ACK

Receive First Byte of Address

Cleared in software

Receive Second Byte of Address

Cleared by hardware

when SSPxADD is updated

with low byte of address

UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

UA is set indicating that

the SSPxADD needs to be

updated

UA is set indicating that

SSPxADD needs to be

updated

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with high

byte of address

SSPxBUF is written with

contents of SSPxSR

Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

ACK

CKP

12345 789

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

Receive Data Byte

Bus master

terminates

transfer

ACK

Cleared in software Cleared in software

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-13: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

S1234 5 6789 1 23 45 678 9 12345 7 89 P

1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5A4A3A2A1 A0 1 1 1 1 0 A8

R/W = 1

ACK

R/W = 0

ACK

Receive First Byte of Address

Cleared in software

Bus master

terminates

transfer

Receive Second Byte of Address

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with low

byte of address

UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

UA is set indicating that

the SSPxADD needs to be

updated

UA is set indicating that

SSPxADD needs to be

updated

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with high

byte of address.

SSPxBUF is written with

contents of SSPxSR

Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

Receive First Byte of Address

12345 789

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1

ACK

Transmitting Data Byte

Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

Cleared in software

Write of SSPxBUF

initiates transmit

Cleared in software

Completion of

clears BF flag

CKP (SSPxCON1<4>)

CKP is set in software

CKP is automatically cleared in hardware, holding SCLx low

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

data transmission

Clock is held low until

CKP is set to ‘1’

third address sequence

BF flag is clear

at the end of the

H W

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.4 CLOCK STRETCHING

Both 7-Bit and 10-Bit Slave modes implement

automatic clock stretching during a transmit sequence.

The SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) allows clock stretching

to be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause

the SCLx pin to be held low at the end of each data

receive sequence.

19.4.4.1 Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave

Receive Mode (SEN = 1)

In 7-Bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the

ninth clock at the end of the ACK sequence, if the BF

bit is set, the CKP bit in the SSPxCON1 register is

automatically cleared, forcing the SCLx output to be

held low. The CKP being cleared to ‘0’ will assert the

SCLx line low. The CKP bit must be set in the user’s

ISR before reception is allowed to continue. By holding

the SCLx line low, the user has time to service the ISR

and read the contents of the SSPxBUF before the

master device can initiate another receive sequence.

This will prevent buffer overruns from occurring (see

Figure 19-15).

19.4.4.2 Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave

Receive Mode (SEN = 1)

In 10-Bit Slave Receive mode during the address

sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place

but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is

set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated.

The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the

10-bit address and following the receive of the second

byte of the 10-bit address with the R/W bit cleared to

‘0’. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating

SSPxADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data

receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode.

19.4.4.3 Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave

Transmit Mode

The 7-Bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock

stretching by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge

of the ninth clock if the BF bit is clear. This occurs

regardless of the state of the SEN bit.

The user’s ISR must set the CKP bit before transmis-

sion is allowed to continue. By holding the SCLx line

low, the user has time to service the ISR and load the

contents of the SSPxBUF before the master device

can initiate another transmit sequence (see

Figure 19-10).

19.4.4.4 Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave

Transmit Mode

In 10-Bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is

controlled during the first two address sequences by

the state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-Bit Slave

Receive mode. The first two addresses are followed

by a third address sequence which contains the

high-order bits of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit

set to ‘1’. After the third address sequence is

performed, the UA bit is not set, the module is now

configured in Transmit mode and clock stretching is

controlled by the BF flag as in 7-Bit Slave Transmit

mode (see Figure 19-13).

Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the

SSPxBUF before the falling edge of the

ninth clock, the BF bit will be cleared. The

CKP bit will not be cleared and clock

stretching will not occur.

2: The CKP bit can be set in software

regardless of the state of the BF bit. The

user should be careful to clear the BF bit

in the ISR before the next receive

sequence in order to prevent an overflow

condition.

Note: If the user polls the UA bit and clears it by

updating the SSPxADD register before the

falling edge of the ninth clock occurs, and

if the user hasn’t cleared the BF bit by

reading the SSPxBUF register before that

time, then the CKP bit will still NOT be

asserted low. Clock stretching on the basis

of the state of the BF bit only occurs during

a data sequence, not an address

sequence.

Note 1: If the user loads the contents of

SSPxBUF, setting the BF bit before the

falling edge of the ninth clock, the CKP bit

will not be cleared and clock stretching

will not occur.

2: The CKP bit can be set in software

regardless of the state of the BF bit.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.4.5 Clock Synchronization and

the CKP Bit

When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCLx output is forced

to ‘0’. However, clearing the CKP bit will not assert the

SCLx output low until the SCLx output is already

sampled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the

SCLx line until an external I2C master device has

already asserted the SCLx line. The SCLx output will

remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other

devices on the I2C bus have deasserted SCLx. This

ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the

minimum high time requirement for SCLx (see

Figure 19-14).

FIGURE 19-14: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING

SDAx

SCLx

DX – 1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

SSPxCON1

CKP

Master device

deasserts clock

Master device

asserts clock

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-15: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

S1 234 56 789 1 234 5 67 89 1 2345 7 89 P

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

ACK

Receiving Data

ACK

Receiving Data

R/W = 0

ACK

Receiving Address

Cleared in software

SSPxBUF is read

Bus master

terminates

transfer

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

CKP

written

to ‘1’ in

If BF is cleared

prior to the falling

edge of the 9th clock,

CKP will not be reset

to ‘0’ and no clock

stretching will occur

software

Clock is held low until

CKP is set to ‘1’

Clock is not held low

because buffer full bit is

clear prior to falling edge

of 9th clock

Clock is not held low

because ACK =

BF is set after falling

edge of the 9th clock,

CKP is reset to ‘0’ and

clock stretching occurs

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-16: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

S123456789 123456789 12345 789 P

1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5A4A3A2A1 A0 D7D6D5D4D3 D1D0

Receive Data Byte

ACK

R/W = 0

ACK

Receive First Byte of Address

Cleared in software

Receive Second Byte of Address

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with low

byte of address after falling edge

UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

UA is set indicating that

the SSPxADD needs to be

updated

UA is set indicating that

SSPxADD needs to be

updated

Cleared by hardware when

SSPxADD is updated with high

byte of address after falling edge

SSPxBUF is written with

contents of SSPxSR Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

ACK

CKP

12345 789

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0

Receive Data Byte

Bus master

terminates

transfer

ACK

Cleared in software Cleared in software

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

CKP written to

‘

’

Note: An update of the SSPxADD register before

the falling edge of the ninth clock will have no

effect on UA and UA will remain set.

Note: An update of the SSPxADD

edge of the ninth clock will

have no effect on UA and

UA will remain set.

in software

Clock is held low until

update of SSPxADD has

taken place

of ninth clock

SSPOV is set

because SSPxBUF is

still full. ACK is not sent.

Dummy read of SSPxBUF

to clear BF flag

Clock is held low until

CKP is set to

‘

’

Clock is not held low

because ACK =

ACK

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.5 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS

SUPPORT

The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that

the first byte after the Start condition usually

determines which device will be the slave addressed by

the master. The exception is the general call address

which can address all devices. When this address is

used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an

Acknowledge.

The general call address is one of eight addresses

reserved for specific purposes by the I2C protocol. It

consists of all ‘0’s with R/W = 0.

The general call address is recognized when the

General Call Enable bit, GCEN, is enabled

(SSPxCON2<7> set). Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits

are shifted into the SSPxSR and the address is

compared against the SSPxADD. It is also compared to

the general call address and fixed in hardware.

If the general call address matches, the SSPxSR is

transferred to the SSPxBUF, the BF flag bit is set

(eighth bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK

bit), the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.

When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the

interrupt can be checked by reading the contents of the

SSPxBUF. The value can be used to determine if the

address was device specific or a general call address.

In 10-bit mode, the SSPxADD is required to be updated

for the second half of the address to match and the UA

bit is set (SSPxSTAT<1>). If the general call address is

sampled when the GCEN bit is set, while the slave is

configured in 10-Bit Addressing mode, then the second

half of the address is not necessary, the UA bit will not

be set and the slave will begin receiving data after the

Acknowledge (Figure 19-17).

FIGURE 19-17: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE

(7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING MODE)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)

Cleared in software

SSPxBUF is read

R/W = 0

ACK

General Call Address

Address is compared to General Call Address

GCEN (SSPxCON2<7>)

Receiving Data ACK

123456789123456789

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

after ACK, set interrupt

‘0’

‘1’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.6 MASTER MODE

Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the

appropriate SSPM bits in SSPxCON1 and by setting

the SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCLx and SDAx

lines are manipulated by the MSSP hardware if the

TRIS bits are set.

Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt

generation on the detection of the Start and Stop con-

ditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from

a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control

of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the

bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear.

In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code

conducts all I2C bus operations based on Start and

Stop bit conditions.

Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six

options.

1. Assert a Start condition on SDAx and SCLx.

2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDAx and

SCLx.

3. Write to the SSPxBUF register initiating

transmission of data/address.

4. Configure the I2C port to receive data.

5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end

of a received byte of data.

6. Generate a Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx.

The following events will cause the MSSP Interrupt

Flag bit, SSPxIF, to be set (and MSSP interrupt, if

enabled):

• Start condition

• Stop condition

• Data transfer byte transmitted/received

• Acknowledge transmit

• Repeated Start

FIGURE 19-18: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C™ MASTER MODE)

Note: The MSSP module, when configured in

I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing

of events. For instance, the user is not

allowed to initiate a Start condition and

immediately write the SSPxBUF register to

initiate transmission before the Start condi-

tion is complete. In this case, the

SSPxBUF will not be written to and the

WCOL bit will be set, indicating that a write

to the SSPxBUF did not occur.

Read Write

SSPxSR

Start bit, Stop bit,

SSPxBUF

Internal

Data Bus

Set/Reset S, P (SSPxSTAT), WCOL (SSPxCON1)

Shift

Clock

MSb LSb

SDAx

Acknowledge

Generate

Stop bit Detect

Write Collision Detect

Clock Arbitration

State Counter for

end of XMIT/RCV

SCLx

SCLx In

Bus Collision

SDAx In

Receive Enable

Clock Cntl

Clock Arbitrate/WCOL Detect

(hold off clock source)

SSPxADD<6:0>

Baud

Set SSPxIF, BCLxIF

Reset ACKSTAT, PEN (SSPxCON2)

Rate

Generator

SSPM<3:0>

Start bit Detect

E‘ S Wri‘e 2‘ /W

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.6.1 I2C Master Mode Operation

The master device generates all of the serial clock

pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is

ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start

condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also

the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will

not be released.

In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output

through SDAx, while SCLx outputs the serial clock. The

first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the

receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit.

In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘0’. Serial data is

transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmit-

ted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop

conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the

end of a serial transfer.

In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted

contains the slave address of the transmitting device

(7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be

logic ‘1’. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave

address, followed by a ‘1’ to indicate the receive bit.

Serial data is received via SDAx, while SCLx outputs

the serial clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time.

After each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is

transmitted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the

beginning and end of transmission.

The Baud Rate Generator used for the SPI mode

operation is used to set the SCLx clock frequency for

either 100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz I2C operation. See

Section 19.4.7 “Baud Rate” for more detail.

A typical transmit sequence would go as follows:

1. The user generates a Start condition by setting

the Start Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>).

2. SSPxIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the

required start time before any other operation

takes place.

3. The user loads the SSPxBUF with the slave

address to transmit.

4. Address is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits

are transmitted.

5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the

slave device and writes its value into the

SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).

6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the

end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the

SSPxIF bit.

7. The user loads the SSPxBUF with eight bits of

data.

8. Data is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits

are transmitted.

9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the

slave device and writes its value into the

SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).

10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the

end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the

SSPxIF bit.

11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting

the Stop Enable bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>).

12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is

complete.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.7 BAUD RATE

In I2C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG)

reload value is placed in the lower 7 bits of the

SSPxADD register (Figure 19-19). When a write

occurs to SSPxBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will

automatically begin counting. The BRG counts down to

0 and stops until another reload has taken place. The

BRG count is decremented twice per instruction cycle

CY) on the Q2 and Q4 clocks. In I2C Master mode, the

BRG is reloaded automatically.

Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmis-

sion of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal

clock will automatically stop counting and the SCLx pin

will remain in its last state.

Table 19-3 demonstrates clock rates based on

instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into

SSPxADD.

19.4.7.1 Baud Rate and Module

Interdependence

Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent, they

can operate simultaneously in I2C Master mode at

different baud rates. This is done by using different

BRG reload values for each module.

Because this mode derives its basic clock source from

the system clock, any changes to the clock will affect

both modules in the same proportion. It may be

possible to change one or both baud rates back to a

previous value by changing the BRG reload value.

FIGURE 19-19: BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 19-3: I2C™ CLOCK RATE w/BRG

FOSC FCY FCY * 2 BRG Value FSCL

(2 Rollovers of BRG)

40 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 18h 400 kHz

40 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 1Fh 312.5 kHz

40 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 63h 100 kHz

16 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 09h 400 kHz

16 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 0Ch 308 kHz

16 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 27h 100 kHz

4 MHz 1 MHz 2 MHz 02h 333 kHz

4 MHz 1 MHz 2 MHz 09h 100 kHz

4 MHz 1 MHz 2 MHz 00h 1 MHz

SSPM<3:0>

BRG Down Counter

CLKO FOSC/4

SSPxADD<6:0>

SSPM<3:0>

SCLx

Reload

Control

Reload

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.7.2 Clock Arbitration

Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any

receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition,

deasserts the SCLx pin (SCLx allowed to float high).

When the SCLx pin is allowed to float high, the Baud

Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting

until the SCLx pin is actually sampled high. When the

SCLx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is

reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and

begins counting. This ensures that the SCLx high time

will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the

event that the clock is held low by an external device

(Figure 19-20).

FIGURE 19-20: BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION

SDAx

SCLx

SCLx deasserted but slave holds

DX – 1DX

BRG

SCLx is sampled high, reload takes

place and BRG starts its count

03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h

Reload

BRG

Value

SCLx low (clock arbitration)

SCLx allowed to transition high

BRG decrements on

Q2 and Q4 cycles

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.8 I2C MASTER MODE START

CONDITION TIMING

To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start

Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>). If the SDAx and

SCLx pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator

is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and

starts its count. If SCLx and SDAx are both sampled

high when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG),

the SDAx pin is driven low. The action of the SDAx

being driven low while SCLx is high is the Start condi-

tion and causes the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) to be set.

Following this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded

with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and resumes its

count. When the Baud Rate Generator times out

(TBRG), the SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) will be auto-

matically cleared by hardware; the Baud Rate Generator

is suspended, leaving the SDAx line held low and the

Start condition is complete.

19.4.8.1 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Start sequence

is in progress, the WCOL bit is set and the contents of

the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).

FIGURE 19-21: FIRST START BIT TIMING

Note: If at the beginning of the Start condition, the

SDAx and SCLx pins are already sampled

low, or if during the Start condition, the

SCLx line is sampled low before the SDAx

line is driven low, a bus collision occurs, the

Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF, is set,

the Start condition is aborted and the I2C

module is reset into its Idle state.

Note: Because queueing of events is not

allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of

SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Start

condition is complete.

SDAx

SCLx

TBRG

1st bit 2nd bit

TBRG

SDAx = 1, At completion of Start bit,

SCLx = 1

Write to SSPxBUF occurs here

TBRG

hardware clears SEN bit

TBRG

Write to SEN bit occurs here Set S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>)

and sets SSPxIF bit

HBRM MBRM 4

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.9 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED

START CONDITION TIMING

A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit

(SSPxCON2<1>) is programmed high and the I2C logic

module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set,

the SCLx pin is asserted low. When the SCLx pin is

sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with

the contents of SSPxADD<5:0> and begins counting.

The SDAx pin is released (brought high) for one Baud

Rate Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate

Generator times out, if SDAx is sampled high, the SCLx

pin will be deasserted (brought high). When SCLx is

sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded

with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and begins

counting. SDAx and SCLx must be sampled high for

one TBRG. This action is then followed by assertion of

the SDAx pin (SDAx = 0) for one TBRG while SCLx is

high. Following this, the RSEN bit (SSPxCON2<1>) will

be automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator

will not be reloaded, leaving the SDAx pin held low. As

soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDAx and

SCLx pins, the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) will be set. The

SSPxIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator

has timed out.

Immediately following the SSPxIF bit getting set, the

user may write the SSPxBUF with the 7-bit address in

7-bit mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode.

After the first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is

received, the user may then transmit an additional eight

bits of address (10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit

mode).

19.4.9.1 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Repeated Start

sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the

contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t

occur).

FIGURE 19-22: REPEATED START CONDITION WAVEFORM

Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other

event is in progress, it will not take effect.

2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start

condition occurs if:

• SDAx is sampled low when SCLx

goes from low-to-high.

• SCLx goes low before SDAx is

asserted low. This may indicate that

another master is attempting to

transmit a data ‘1’.

Note: Because queueing of events is not

allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of

SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Repeated

Start condition is complete.

SDAx

SCLx

Sr = Repeated Start

Write to SSPxCON2

Write to SSPxBUF occurs here

on falling edge of ninth clock,

end of Xmit

At completion of Start bit,

hardware clears RSEN bit

1st bit

S bit set by hardware

TBRG

SDAx = 1,

SCLx (no change).

SCLx = 1

occurs here:

and sets SSPxIF

RSEN bit set by hardware

TBRG

TBRG TBRG TBRG

ACK ACK E‘ ACK (ACK L ACK

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.10 I2C MASTER MODE TRANSMISSION

Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address, or the

other half of a 10-bit address, is accomplished by sim-

ply writing a value to the SSPxBUF register. This action

will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud

Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next

transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted

out onto the SDAx pin after the falling edge of SCLx is

asserted (see data hold time specification

parameter 106). SCLx is held low for one Baud Rate

Generator rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid

before SCLx is released high (see data setup time

specification parameter 107). When the SCLx pin is

released high, it is held that way for TBRG. The data on

the SDAx pin must remain stable for that duration and

some hold time after the next falling edge of SCLx.

After the eighth bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the

eighth clock), the BF flag is cleared and the master

releases SDAx. This allows the slave device being

addressed to respond with an ACK bit during the ninth

bit time if an address match occurred, or if data was

received properly. The status of ACK is written into the

ACKDT bit on the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the

master receives an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge

Status bit, ACKSTAT, is cleared; if not, the bit is set.

After the ninth clock, the SSPxIF bit is set and the

master clock (Baud Rate Generator) is suspended until

the next data byte is loaded into the SSPxBUF, leaving

SCLx low and SDAx unchanged (Figure 19-23).

After the write to the SSPxBUF, each bit of the address

will be shifted out on the falling edge of SCLx until all

seven address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On

the falling edge of the eighth clock, the master will

deassert the SDAx pin, allowing the slave to respond

with an Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth

clock, the master will sample the SDAx pin to see if the

address was recognized by a slave. The status of the

ACK bit is loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit

(SSPxCON2<6>). Following the falling edge of the

ninth clock transmission of the address, the SSPxIF is

set, the BF flag is cleared and the Baud Rate Generator

is turned off until another write to the SSPxBUF takes

place, holding SCLx low and allowing SDAx to float.

19.4.10.1 BF Status Flag

In Transmit mode, the BF bit (SSPxSTAT<0>) is set

when the CPU writes to SSPxBUF and is cleared when

all 8 bits are shifted out.

19.4.10.2 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a transmit is

already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting out a

data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the

buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur) 2 TCY

after the SSPxBUF write. If SSPxBUF is rewritten

within 2 TCY, the WCOL bit is set and SSPxBUF is

updated. This may result in a corrupted transfer.

The user should verify that the WCOL bit is clear after

each write to SSPxBUF to ensure the transfer is correct.

In all cases, WCOL must be cleared in software.

19.4.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag

In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit (SSPxCON2<6>)

is cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge

(ACK =0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowl-

edge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when

it has recognized its address (including a general call),

or when the slave has properly received its data.

19.4.11 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION

Master mode reception is enabled by programming the

Receive Enable bit, RCEN (SSPxCON2<3>).

The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each

rollover, the state of the SCLx pin changes

(high-to-low/low-to-high) and data is shifted into the

SSPxSR. After the falling edge of the eighth clock, the

receive enable flag is automatically cleared, the con-

tents of the SSPxSR are loaded into the SSPxBUF, the

BF flag bit is set, the SSPxIF flag bit is set and the Baud

Rate Generator is suspended from counting, holding

SCLx low. The MSSP is now in Idle state awaiting the

next command. When the buffer is read by the CPU,

the BF flag bit is automatically cleared. The user can

then send an Acknowledge bit at the end of reception

by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit,

ACKEN (SSPxCON2<4>).

19.4.11.1 BF Status Flag

In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address

or data byte is loaded into SSPxBUF from SSPxSR. It

is cleared when the SSPxBUF register is read.

19.4.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag

In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits

are received into the SSPxSR and the BF flag bit is

already set from a previous reception.

19.4.11.3 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a receive is

already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting in a

data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the

buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).

Note: The MSSP module must be in an inactive

state before the RCEN bit is set or the

RCEN bit will be disregarded.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-23: I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING)

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF

BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)

SEN

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK = 0D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

ACK

Transmitting Data or Second Half

R/W = 0Transmit Address to Slave

123456789 123456789 P

Cleared in software service routine

SSPxBUF is written in software

from MSSP interrupt

After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware

SSPxBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W,

start transmit

SCLx held low

while CPU

responds to SSPxIF

SEN = 0

of 10-bit Address

Write SSPxCON2<0> (SEN = 1),

Start condition begins From slave, clear ACKSTAT bit (SSPxCON2<6>)

ACKSTAT in

SSPxCON2 = 1

Cleared in software

SSPxBUF written

PEN

R/W

Cleared in software

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-24: I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)

98765

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1

SDA

SCL 123456 789 123456 78 9 12 3 4

Bus master

terminates

transfer

ACK

Receiving Data from Slave

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

ACK

R/W = 1

Transmit Address to Slave

SSPIF

ACK is not sent

Write to SSPCON2<0> (SEN = 1),

Write to SSPBUF occurs here, ACK from Slave

Master configured as a receiver

by programming SSPCON2<3> (RCEN = 1)

PEN bit = 1

written here

Data shifted in on falling edge of CLK

Cleared in software

start XMIT

SEN = 0

SSPOV

SDA = 0, SCL = 1

while CPU

ACK

Cleared in software

Set SSPIF interrupt

at end of receive

Set P bit

(SSPSTAT<4>)

and SSPIF

ACK from Master,

Set SSPIF at end

Set SSPIF interrupt

at end of Acknowledge

sequence

Set SSPIF interrupt

at end of Acknowledge

sequence

of receive

Set ACKEN, start Acknowledge sequence,

SDA = ACKDT = 1

RCEN cleared

automatically

RCEN = 1, start

next receive

Write to SSPCON2<4>

to start Acknowledge sequence,

SDA = ACKDT (SSPCON2<5>) = 0

RCEN cleared

automatically

ACKEN

begin Start condition

Cleared in software

SDA = ACKDT = 0

Last bit is shifted into SSPSR and

contents are unloaded into SSPBUF

Cleared in

software

SSPOV is set because

SSPBUF is still full

responds to SSPIF

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE

TIMING

An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the

Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN

(SSPxCON2<4>). When this bit is set, the SCLx pin is

pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit

are presented on the SDAx pin. If the user wishes to

generate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should

be cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit

before starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud

Rate Generator then counts for one rollover period

(TBRG) and the SCLx pin is deasserted (pulled high).

When the SCLx pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),

the Baud Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCLx pin

is then pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is auto-

matically cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off

and the MSSP module then goes into an inactive state

(Figure 19-25).

19.4.12.1 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when an Acknowledge

sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the

contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t

occur).

19.4.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING

A Stop bit is asserted on the SDAx pin at the end of a

receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable

bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>). At the end of a

receive/transmit, the SCLx line is held low after the

falling edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set,

the master will assert the SDAx line low. When the

SDAx line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is

reloaded and counts down to ‘0’. When the Baud Rate

Generator times out, the SCLx pin will be brought high

and one TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count)

later, the SDAx pin will be deasserted. When the SDAx

pin is sampled high while SCLx is high, the P bit

(SSPxSTAT<4>) is set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is

cleared and the SSPxIF bit is set (Figure 19-26).

19.4.13.1 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Stop sequence

is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the

contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t

occur).

FIGURE 19-25: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM

FIGURE 19-26: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE

Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.

SDAx

SCLx

SSPxIF set at

Acknowledge sequence starts here,

write to SSPxCON2, ACKEN automatically cleared

Cleared in

TBRG TBRG

the end of receive

ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0

SSPxIF

software SSPxIF set at the end

of Acknowledge sequence

Cleared in

software

ACK

SCLx

SDAx

SDAx asserted low before rising edge of clock

Write to SSPxCON2,

set PEN

Falling edge of

SCLx = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDAx = 1 for TBRG

9th clock

SCLx brought high after TBRG

Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.

TBRG TBRG

after SDAx sampled high. P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set.

TBRG

to setup Stop condition

ACK

TBRG

PEN bit (SSPxCON2<2>) is cleared by

hardware and the SSPxIF bit is set

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.14 SLEEP OPERATION

While in Sleep mode, the I2C module can receive

addresses or data and when an address match or

complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor

from Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled).

19.4.15 EFFECTS OF A RESET

A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the

current transfer.

19.4.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE

In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the

detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the

determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and

Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the

MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I2C bus may

be taken when the P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set, or the

bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the

bus is busy, enabling the MSSP interrupt will generate

the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs.

In multi-master operation, the SDAx line must be

monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is the

expected output level. This check is performed in

hardware with the result placed in the BCLxIF bit.

The states where arbitration can be lost are:

• Address Transfer

• Data Transfer

• A Start Condition

• A Repeated Start Condition

• An Acknowledge Condition

19.4.17 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION,

BUS COLLISION AND BUS

ARBITRATION

Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitra-

tion. When the master outputs address/data bits onto

the SDAx pin, arbitration takes place when the master

outputs a ‘1’ on SDAx, by letting SDAx float high and

another master asserts a ‘0’. When the SCLx pin floats

high, data should be stable. If the expected data on

SDAx is a ‘1’ and the data sampled on the SDAx

pin = 0, then a bus collision has taken place. The

master will set the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF,

and reset the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 19-27).

If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision

occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is

cleared, the SDAx and SCLx lines are deasserted and

the SSPxBUF can be written to. When the user services

the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C

bus is free, the user can resume communication by

asserting a Start condition.

If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition

was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the con-

dition is aborted, the SDAx and SCLx lines are

deasserted and the respective control bits in the

SSPxCON2 register are cleared. When the user services

the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C

bus is free, the user can resume communication by

asserting a Start condition.

The master will continue to monitor the SDAx and SCLx

pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPxIF bit will be set.

A write to the SSPxBUF will start the transmission of

data at the first data bit regardless of where the

transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred.

In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the

detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the deter-

mination of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus

can be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPxSTAT

cleared.

FIGURE 19-27: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE

SDAx

SCLx

BCLxIF

SDAx released

SDAx line pulled low

by another source

Sample SDAx. While SCLx is high,

data doesn’t match what is driven

Bus collision has occurred.

Set bus collision

interrupt (BCLxIF)

by the master.

by master

Data changes

while SCLx = 0

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start

Condition

During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if:

a) SDAx or SCLx are sampled low at the beginning

of the Start condition (Figure 19-28).

b) SCLx is sampled low before SDAx is asserted

low (Figure 19-29).

During a Start condition, both the SDAx and the SCLx

pins are monitored.

If the SDAx pin is already low, or the SCLx pin is

already low, then all of the following occur:

• the Start condition is aborted,

• the BCLxIF flag is set and

• the MSSP module is reset to its inactive state

(Figure 19-28).

The Start condition begins with the SDAx and SCLx

pins deasserted. When the SDAx pin is sampled high,

the Baud Rate Generator is loaded from

SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin

is sampled low while SDAx is high, a bus collision

occurs because it is assumed that another master is

attempting to drive a data ‘1’ during the Start condition.

If the SDAx pin is sampled low during this count, the

BRG is reset and the SDAx line is asserted early

(Figure 19-30). If, however, a ‘1’ is sampled on the

SDAx pin, the SDAx pin is asserted low at the end of

the BRG count. The Baud Rate Generator is then

reloaded and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin is

sampled as ‘0’ during this time, a bus collision does not

occur. At the end of the BRG count, the SCLx pin is

asserted low.

FIGURE 19-28: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDAx ONLY)

Note: The reason that bus collision is not a factor

during a Start condition is that no two bus

masters can assert a Start condition at the

exact same time. Therefore, one master

will always assert SDAx before the other.

This condition does not cause a bus colli-

sion because the two masters must be

allowed to arbitrate the first address

following the Start condition. If the address

is the same, arbitration must be allowed to

continue into the data portion, Repeated

Start or Stop conditions.

SDAx

SCLx

SEN

SDAx sampled low before

SDAx goes low before the SEN bit is set.

S bit and SSPxIF set because

MSSP module reset into Idle state.

SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision.

S bit and SSPxIF set because

Set SEN, enable Start

condition if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1

SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.

BCLxIF

SSPxIF

SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.

SSPxIF and BCLxIF are

cleared in software

SSPxIF and BCLxIF are

cleared in software

Set BCLxIF,

Start condition. Set BCLxIF.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 19-29: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCLx = 0)

FIGURE 19-30: BRG RESET DUE TO SDAx ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION

SDAx

SCLx

SEN bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.

SCLx = 0 before SDAx = 0,

Set SEN, enable Start

sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1

TBRG TBRG

SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1

BCLxIF

SSPxIF

Interrupt cleared

in software

bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.

SCLx = 0 before BRG time-out,

‘0’‘0’

SDAx

SCLx

SEN

Set S

Less than TBRG TBRG

SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1

BCLxIF

SSPxIF

Interrupts cleared

in software

set SSPxIF

SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1,

SCLx pulled low after BRG

time-out

Set SSPxIF

‘0’

SDAx pulled low by other master.

Reset BRG and assert SDAx.

Set SEN, enable Start

sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated

Start Condition

During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision

occurs if:

a) A low level is sampled on SDAx when SCLx

goes from low level to high level.

b) SCLx goes low before SDAx is asserted low,

indicating that another master is attempting to

transmit a data ‘1’.

When the user deasserts SDAx and the pin is allowed

to float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPxADD<6:0>

and counts down to 0. The SCLx pin is then deasserted

and when sampled high, the SDAx pin is sampled.

If SDAx is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another

master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, Figure 19-31).

If SDAx is sampled high, the BRG is reloaded and

begins counting. If SDAx goes from high-to-low before

the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs because no

two masters can assert SDAx at exactly the same time.

If SCLx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times

out and SDAx has not already been asserted, a bus

collision occurs. In this case, another master is

attempting to transmit a data ‘1’ during the Repeated

Start condition (see Figure 19-32).

If, at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCLx and SDAx

are still high, the SDAx pin is driven low and the BRG is

reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count,

regardless of the status of the SCLx pin, the SCLx pin is

driven low and the Repeated Start condition is complete.

FIGURE 19-31: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1)

FIGURE 19-32: BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2)

SDAx

SCLx

RSEN

BCLxIF

SSPxIF

Sample SDAx when SCLx goes high.

If SDAx = 0, set BCLxIF and release SDAx and SCLx.

Cleared in software

‘0’

SDAx

SCLx

BCLxIF

RSEN

SSPxIF

Interrupt cleared

in software

SCLx goes low before SDAx,

set BCLxIF. Release SDAx and SCLx.

TBRG TBRG

‘0’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

19.4.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop

Condition

Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if:

a) After the SDAx pin has been deasserted and

allowed to float high, SDAx is sampled low after

the BRG has timed out.

b) After the SCLx pin is deasserted, SCLx is

sampled low before SDAx goes high.

The Stop condition begins with SDAx asserted low.

When SDAx is sampled low, the SCLx pin is allowed to

float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),

the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with

SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. After the BRG

times out, SDAx is sampled. If SDAx is sampled low, a

bus collision has occurred. This is due to another

master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 19-33). If

the SCLx pin is sampled low before SDAx is allowed to

float high, a bus collision occurs. This is another case

of another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’

(Figure 19-34).

FIGURE 19-33: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1)

FIGURE 19-34: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2)

SDAx

SCLx

BCLxIF

PEN

SSPxIF

TBRG TBRG TBRG

SDAx asserted low

SDAx sampled

low after TBRG,

set BCLxIF

‘0’

SDAx

SCLx

BCLxIF

PEN

SSPxIF

TBRG TBRG TBRG

Assert SDAx SCLx goes low before SDAx goes high,

set BCLxIF

‘0’

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 19-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C™ OPERATION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on Page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF —— BCL1IF —TMR3IF CCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE —— BCL1IE —TMR3IE CCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP —— BCL1IP —TMR3IP CCP2IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 56

TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 56

SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 54

SSP1ADD MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode),

MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)

SSPxCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 54, 57

SSPxCON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT/

ADMSK5

ACKEN/

ADMSK4

RCEN/

ADMSK3

PEN/

ADMSK2

RSEN/

ADMSK1

SEN 54, 57

SSPxSTAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 54, 57

SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 54

SSP2ADD MSSP2 Address Register (I2C Slave mode),

MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in I2C™ mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.0 ENHANCED UNIVERSAL

SYNCHRONOUS

ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER (EUSART)

The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous

Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module is one of two

serial I/O modules. (Generically, the EUSART is also

known as a Serial Communications Interface or SCI.)

The EUSART can be configured as a full-duplex

asynchronous system that can communicate with

peripheral devices, such as CRT terminals and

personal computers. It can also be configured as a

half-duplex synchronous system that can communicate

with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated

circuits, serial EEPROMs, etc.

The Enhanced USART module implements additional

features, including automatic baud rate detection and

calibration, automatic wake-up on Sync Break recep-

tion and 12-bit Break character transmit. These make it

ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network bus

(LIN bus) systems.

All members of the PIC18F87J10 family are equipped

with two independent EUSART modules, referred to as

EUSART1 and EUSART2. They can be configured in

the following modes:

• Asynchronous (full duplex) with:

- Auto-Wake-up on character reception

- Auto-Baud calibration

- 12-bit Break character transmission

• Synchronous – Master (half duplex) with

selectable clock polarity

• Synchronous – Slave (half duplex) with selectable

clock polarity

The pins of EUSART1 and EUSART2 are multiplexed

with the functions of PORTC (RC6/TX1/CK1 and

RC7/RX1/DT1) and PORTG (RG1/TX2/CK2 and

RG2/RX2/DT2), respectively. In order to configure

these pins as an EUSART:

• For EUSART1:

- bit, SPEN (RCSTA1<7>), must be set (= 1)

- bit, TRISC<7>, must be set (= 1)

- bit, TRISC<6>, must be cleared (= 0) for

Asynchronous and Synchronous Master

modes

- bit, TRISC<6>, must be set (= 1) for

Synchronous Slave mode

• For EUSART2:

- bit, SPEN (RCSTA2<7>), must be set (= 1)

- bit, TRISG<2>, must be set (= 1)

- bit, TRISG<1>, must be cleared (= 0) for

Asynchronous and Synchronous Master

modes

- bit, TRISC<6> must be set (= 1) for

Synchronous Slave mode

The operation of each Enhanced USART module is

controlled through three registers:

• Transmit Status and Control (TXSTAx)

• Receive Status and Control (RCSTAx)

• Baud Rate Control (BAUDCONx)

These are detailed on the following pages in

respectively.

Note: The EUSART control will automatically

reconfigure the pin from input to output as

needed.

Note: Throughout this section, references to

ated with a specific EUSART module are

referred to generically by the use of ‘x’ in

place of the specific module number.

Thus, “RCSTAx” might refer to the

Receive Status register for either

EUSART1 or EUSART2.

(1] Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode. Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode. Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0

CSRC TX9 TXEN(1) SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 CSRC: Clock Source Select bit

Asynchronous mode:

Don’t care.

Synchronous mode:

1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)

0 = Slave mode (clock from external source)

bit 6 TX9: 9-Bit Transmit Enable bit

1 = Selects 9-bit transmission

0 = Selects 8-bit transmission

bit 5 TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1)

1 = Transmit enabled

0 = Transmit disabled

bit 4 SYNC: EUSART Mode Select bit

1 = Synchronous mode

0 = Asynchronous mode

bit 3 SENDB: Send Break Character bit

Asynchronous mode:

1 = Send Sync Break on next transmission (cleared by hardware upon completion)

0 = Sync Break transmission completed

Synchronous mode:

Don’t care.

bit 2 BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit

Asynchronous mode:

1 = High speed

0 = Low speed

Synchronous mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 1 TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit

1 = TSR empty

0 = TSR full

bit 0 TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data

Can be address/data bit or a parity bit.

Note 1: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.

Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode , Masler. Synchronous mode , S‘ave. Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode. Asynchronous mode 97m RXQ : 1 . Asynchronous mode 87m RXQ : D .

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-x

SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit

1 = Serial port enabled (configures RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins as serial port pins)

0 = Serial port disabled (held in Reset)

bit 6 RX9: 9-Bit Receive Enable bit

1 = Selects 9-bit reception

0 = Selects 8-bit reception

bit 5 SREN: Single Receive Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:

Don’t care.

Synchronous mode – Master:

1 = Enables single receive

0 = Disables single receive

This bit is cleared after reception is complete.

Synchronous mode – Slave:

Don’t care.

bit 4 CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:

1 = Enables receiver

0 = Disables receiver

Synchronous mode:

1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit, CREN, is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)

0 = Disables continuous receive

bit 3 ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit

Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1):

1 = Enables address detection, enables interrupt and loads the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set

0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit

Asynchronous mode 8-bit (RX9 = 0):

Don’t care.

bit 2 FERR: Framing Error bit

1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading the RCREGx register and receiving the next valid byte)

0 = No framing error

bit 1 OERR: Overrun Error bit

1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit, CREN)

0 = No overrun error

bit 0 RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data

This can be address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware.

Asynchronous mode. Synchronous modes. Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode. Asynchronous mode. Synchronous mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 R-1 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Acquisition Rollover Status bit

1 = A BRG rollover has occurred during Auto-Baud Rate Detect mode (must be cleared in software)

0 = No BRG rollover has occurred

bit 6 RCIDL: Receive Operation Idle Status bit

1 = Receive operation is Idle

0 = Receive operation is active

bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 4 SCKP: Synchronous Clock Polarity Select bit

Asynchronous mode:

Unused in this mode.

Synchronous modes:

1 = Idle state for clock (CKx) is a high level

0 = Idle state for clock (CKx) is a low level

bit 3 BRG16: 16-Bit Baud Rate Register Enable bit

1 = 16-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGHx and SPBRGx

0 = 8-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGx only (Compatible mode), SPBRGHx value ignored

bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 WUE: Wake-up Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:

1 = EUSART will continue to sample the RXx pin – interrupt generated on falling edge; bit cleared in

hardware on the following rising edge

0 = RXx pin not monitored or rising edge detected

Synchronous mode:

Unused in this mode.

bit 0 ABDEN: Auto-Baud Detect Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:

1 = Enable baud rate measurement on the next character. Requires reception of a Sync field (55h);

cleared in hardware upon completion.

0 = Baud rate measurement disabled or completed

Synchronous mode:

Unused in this mode.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.1 Baud Rate Generator (BRG)

The BRG is a dedicated 8-bit or 16-bit generator that

supports both the Asynchronous and Synchronous

modes of the EUSART. By default, the BRG operates

in 8-bit mode; setting the BRG16 bit (BAUDCONx<3>)

selects 16-bit mode.

The SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair controls the period

of a free-running timer. In Asynchronous mode, bits

BRGH (TXSTAx<2>) and BRG16 (BAUDCONx<3>) also

control the baud rate. In Synchronous mode, BRGH is

ignored. Table 20-1 shows the formula for computation of

the baud rate for different EUSART modes which only

apply in Master mode (internally generated clock).

Given the desired baud rate and FOSC, the nearest

integer value for the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers can

be calculated using the formulas in Table 20-1. From this,

the error in baud rate can be determined. An example

calculation is shown in Example 20-1. Typical baud rates

and error values for the various Asynchronous modes

are shown in Table 20-2. It may be advantageous to use

the high baud rate (BRGH = 1) or the 16-bit BRG to

reduce the baud rate error, or achieve a slow baud rate

for a fast oscillator frequency.

Writing a new value to the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx regis-

ters causes the BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This

ensures the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow

before outputting the new baud rate.

20.1.1 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED

MODES

The device clock is used to generate the desired baud

rate. When one of the power-managed modes is

entered, the new clock source may be operating at a

different frequency. This may require an adjustment to

the value in the SPBRGx register pair.

20.1.2 SAMPLING

The data on the RXx pin (either RC7/RX1/DT1 or

RG2/RX2/DT2) is sampled three times by a majority

detect circuit to determine if a high or a low level is

present at the RXx pin.

TABLE 20-1: BAUD RATE FORMULAS

Configuration Bits BRG/EUSART Mode Baud Rate Formula

SYNC BRG16 BRGH

000 8-Bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[64 (n + 1)]

001 8-Bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[16 (n + 1)]

010 16-Bit/Asynchronous

011 16-Bit/Asynchronous

FOSC/[4 (n + 1)]10x 8-Bit/Synchronous

11x 16-Bit/Synchronous

Legend: x = Don’t care, n = value of SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

EXAMPLE 20-1: CALCULATING BAUD RATE ERROR

TABLE 20-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values

on page

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL —SCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.

For a device with FOSC of 16 MHz, desired baud rate of 9600, Asynchronous mode, 8-bit BRG:

Desired Baud Rate = FOSC/(64 ([SPBRGHx:SPBRGx] + 1))

Solving for SPBRGHx:SPBRGx:

X=((F

OSC/Desired Baud Rate)/64) – 1

= ((16000000/9600)/64) – 1

= [25.042] = 25

Calculated Baud Rate = 16000000/(64 (25 + 1))

= 9615

Error = (Calculated Baud Rate – Desired Baud Rate)/Desired Baud Rate

= (9615 – 9600)/9600 = 0.16%

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 20-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0

FOSC = 40.000 MHz FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz FOSC = 8.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3————————————

1.2 — — — 1.221 1.73 255 1.202 0.16 129 1.201 -0.16 103

2.4 2.441 1.73 255 2.404 0.16 129 2.404 0.16 64 2.403 -0.16 51

9.6 9.615 0.16 64 9.766 1.73 31 9.766 1.73 15 9.615 -0.16 12

19.2 19.531 1.73 31 19.531 1.73 15 19.531 1.73 7 — — —

57.6 56.818 -1.36 10 62.500 8.51 4 52.083 -9.58 2 — — —

115.2 125.000 8.51 4 104.167 -9.58 2 78.125 -32.18 1 — — —

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0

FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 2.000 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 0.300 0.16 207 0.300 -0.16 103 0.300 -0.16 51

1.2 1.202 0.16 51 1.201 -0.16 25 1.201 -0.16 12

2.4 2.404 0.16 25 2.403 -0.16 12 — — —

9.6 8.929 -6.99 6 — — — — — —

19.2 20.833 8.51 2 — — — — — —

57.6 62.500 8.51 0 — — — — — —

115.2 62.500 -45.75 0 — — — — — —

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0

FOSC = 40.000 MHz FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz FOSC = 8.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3————————————

1.2————————————

2.4 — — — — — — 2.441 1.73 255 2.403 -0.16 207

9.6 9.766 1.73 255 9.615 0.16 129 9.615 0.16 64 9.615 -0.16 51

19.2 19.231 0.16 129 19.231 0.16 64 19.531 1.73 31 19.230 -0.16 25

57.6 58.140 0.94 42 56.818 -1.36 21 56.818 -1.36 10 55.555 3.55 8

115.2 113.636 -1.36 21 113.636 -1.36 10 125.000 8.51 4 — — —

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0

FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 2.000 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 — — — — — — 0.300 -0.16 207

1.2 1.202 0.16 207 1.201 -0.16 103 1.201 -0.16 51

2.4 2.404 0.16 103 2.403 -0.16 51 2.403 -0.16 25

9.6 9.615 0.16 25 9.615 -0.16 12 — — —

19.2 19.231 0.16 12 — — — — — —

57.6 62.500 8.51 3 — — — — — —

115.2 125.000 8.51 1 — — — — — —

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1

FOSC = 40.000 MHz FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz FOSC = 8.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 0.300 0.00 8332 0.300 0.02 4165 0.300 0.02 2082 0.300 -0.04 1665

1.2 1.200 0.02 2082 1.200 -0.03 1041 1.200 -0.03 520 1.201 -0.16 415

2.4 2.402 0.06 1040 2.399 -0.03 520 2.404 0.16 259 2.403 -0.16 207

9.6 9.615 0.16 259 9.615 0.16 129 9.615 0.16 64 9.615 -0.16 51

19.2 19.231 0.16 129 19.231 0.16 64 19.531 1.73 31 19.230 -0.16 25

57.6 58.140 0.94 42 56.818 -1.36 21 56.818 -1.36 10 55.555 3.55 8

115.2 113.636 -1.36 21 113.636 -1.36 10 125.000 8.51 4 — — —

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1

FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 2.000 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 0.300 0.04 832 0.300 -0.16 415 0.300 -0.16 207

1.2 1.202 0.16 207 1.201 -0.16 103 1.201 -0.16 51

2.4 2.404 0.16 103 2.403 -0.16 51 2.403 -0.16 25

9.6 9.615 0.16 25 9.615 -0.16 12 — — —

19.2 19.231 0.16 12 — — — — — —

57.6 62.500 8.51 3 — — — — — —

115.2 125.000 8.51 1 — — — — — —

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1

FOSC = 40.000 MHz FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz FOSC = 8.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 0.300 0.00 33332 0.300 0.00 16665 0.300 0.00 8332 0.300 -0.01 6665

1.2 1.200 0.00 8332 1.200 0.02 4165 1.200 0.02 2082 1.200 -0.04 1665

2.4 2.400 0.02 4165 2.400 0.02 2082 2.402 0.06 1040 2.400 -0.04 832

9.6 9.606 0.06 1040 9.596 -0.03 520 9.615 0.16 259 9.615 -0.16 207

19.2 19.193 -0.03 520 19.231 0.16 259 19.231 0.16 129 19.230 -0.16 103

57.6 57.803 0.35 172 57.471 -0.22 86 58.140 0.94 42 57.142 0.79 34

115.2 114.943 -0.22 86 116.279 0.94 42 113.636 -1.36 21 117.647 -2.12 16

BAUD

RATE

(K)

SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1

FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 2.000 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

Actual

Rate

(K)

Error

SPBRG

Value

(decimal)

0.3 0.300 0.01 3332 0.300 -0.04 1665 0.300 -0.04 832

1.2 1.200 0.04 832 1.201 -0.16 415 1.201 -0.16 207

2.4 2.404 0.16 415 2.403 -0.16 207 2.403 -0.16 103

9.6 9.615 0.16 103 9.615 -0.16 51 9.615 -0.16 25

19.2 19.231 0.16 51 19.230 -0.16 25 19.230 -0.16 12

57.6 58.824 2.12 16 55.555 3.55 8 — — —

115.2 111.111 -3.55 8 — — — — — —

TABLE 20-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.1.3 AUTO-BAUD RATE DETECT

The Enhanced USART module supports the automatic

detection and calibration of baud rate. This feature is

active only in Asynchronous mode and while the WUE

bit is clear.

The automatic baud rate measurement sequence

(Figure 20-1) begins whenever a Start bit is received

and the ABDEN bit is set. The calculation is

self-averaging.

In the Auto-Baud Rate Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to

the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the

incoming RXx signal, the RXx signal is timing the BRG.

In ABD mode, the internal Baud Rate Generator is

used as a counter to time the bit period of the incoming

serial byte stream.

Once the ABDEN bit is set, the state machine will clear

the BRG and look for a Start bit. The Auto-Baud Rate

Detect must receive a byte with the value 55h (ASCII

“U”, which is also the LIN bus Sync character) in order to

calculate the proper bit rate. The measurement is taken

over both a low and a high bit time in order to minimize

any effects caused by asymmetry of the incoming signal.

After a Start bit, the SPBRGx begins counting up, using

the preselected clock source on the first rising edge of

RXx. After eight bits on the RXx pin or the fifth rising

edge, an accumulated value totalling the proper BRG

period is left in the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair.

Once the 5th edge is seen (this should correspond to the

Stop bit), the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared.

If a rollover of the BRG occurs (an overflow from FFFFh

to 0000h), the event is trapped by the ABDOVF status

bit (BAUDCONx<7>). It is set in hardware by BRG roll-

overs and can be set or cleared by the user in software.

ABD mode remains active after rollover events and the

ABDEN bit remains set (Figure 20-2).

While calibrating the baud rate period, the BRG

registers are clocked at 1/8th the preconfigured clock

rate. Note that the BRG clock can be configured by the

BRG16 and BRGH bits. The BRG16 bit must be set to

use both SPBRG1 and SPBRGH1 as a 16-bit counter.

This allows the user to verify that no carry occurred for

8-bit modes by checking for 00h in the SPBRGHx

the BRG.

While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSART

state machine is held in Idle. The RCxIF interrupt is set

once the fifth rising edge on RXx is detected. The value

in the RCREGx needs to be read to clear the RCxIF

interrupt. The contents of RCREGx should be

discarded.

TABLE 20-4: BRG COUNTER

CLOCK RATES

20.1.3.1 ABD and EUSART Transmission

Since the BRG clock is reversed during ABD acquisi-

tion, the EUSART transmitter cannot be used during

ABD. This means that whenever the ABDEN bit is set,

TXREGx cannot be written to. Users should also

ensure that ABDEN does not become set during a

transmit sequence. Failing to do this may result in

unpredictable EUSART operation.

Note 1: If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit,

Auto-Baud Rate Detection will occur on

the byte following the Break character.

2: It is up to the user to determine that the

incoming character baud rate is within the

range of the selected BRG clock source.

Some combinations of oscillator frequency

and EUSART baud rates are not possible

due to bit error rates. Overall system tim-

ing and communication baud rates must

be taken into consideration when using the

Auto-Baud Rate Detection feature.

3: To maximize baud rate range, it is recom-

mended to set the BRG16 bit if the

auto-baud feature is used.

BRG16 BRGH BRG Counter Clock

00 FOSC/512

01 FOSC/128

10 FOSC/128

11 FOSC/32

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 20-1: AUTOMATIC BAUD RATE CALCULATION

FIGURE 20-2: BRG OVERFLOW SEQUENCE

BRG Value

RXx pin

ABDEN bit

RCxIF bit

Bit 0 Bit 1

(Interrupt)

Read

RCREGx

BRG Clock

Start

Auto-Cleared

Set by User

XXXXh 0000h

Edge #1

Bit 2 Bit 3

Edge #2

Bit 4 Bit 5

Edge #3

Bit 6 Bit 7

Edge #4

001Ch

Note: The ABD sequence requires the EUSART module to be configured in Asynchronous mode and WUE = 0.

SPBRGx XXXXh 1Ch

SPBRGHx XXXXh 00h

Edge #5

Stop Bit

Start Bit 0

XXXXh 0000h 0000h

FFFFh

BRG Clock

ABDEN bit

RXx pin

ABDOVF bit

BRG Value

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.2 EUSART Asynchronous Mode

The Asynchronous mode of operation is selected by

clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTAx<4>). In this mode, the

EUSART uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)

format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop

bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An on-chip

dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator can be used

to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the

oscillator.

The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The

EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally

independent but use the same data format and baud

rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a clock, either

x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending on the BRGH

and BRG16 bits (TXSTAx<2> and BAUDCONx<3>).

Parity is not supported by the hardware but can be

implemented in software and stored as the 9th data bit.

When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSART

module consists of the following important elements:

• Baud Rate Generator

• Sampling Circuit

• Asynchronous Transmitter

• Asynchronous Receiver

• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character

• 12-Bit Break Character Transmit

• Auto-Baud Rate Detection

20.2.1 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS

TRANSMITTER

The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit

(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains

its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,

TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in

software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop

bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As

soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded

with new data from the TXREGx register (if available).

Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the TSR

CY), the TXREGx register is

empty and the TXxIF flag bit is set. This interrupt can be

enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt

enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF will be set regardless of the

state of TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. TXxIF is

also not cleared immediately upon loading TXREGx, but

becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following

the load instruction. Polling TX1IF immediately following

a load of TXREGx will return invalid results.

While TXxIF indicates the status of the TXREGx regis-

ter, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the status

of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set

when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is

tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to

determine if the TSR register is empty.

To set up an Asynchronous Transmission:

1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for

the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the

BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve

the desired baud rate.

2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing

bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.

3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.

4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set transmit bit,

TX9; can be used as address/data bit.

5. Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN,

which will also set bit, TXxIF.

6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit

should be loaded in bit, TX9D.

7. Load data to the TXREGx register (starts

transmission).

8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

FIGURE 20-3: EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data

memory, so it is not available to the user.

2: Flag bit, TX1IF, is set when enable bit

TXEN is set.

TXxIF

TXxIE

Interrupt

TXEN Baud Rate CLK

SPBRGx

Baud Rate Generator TX9D

MSb LSb

Data Bus

TXREGx Register

TSR Register

(8) 0

TX9

TRMT SPEN

TXx Pin

Pin Buffer

and Control

• • •

SPBRGHx

BRG16

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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 20-4: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

FIGURE 20-5: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK TO BACK)

TABLE 20-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL —SCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.

Word 1

Transmit Shift Reg

Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8

Write to TXREGx

BRG Output

(Shift Clock)

TXx (pin)

TXxIF bit

(Transmit Buffer

Reg. Empty Flag)

TRMT bit

(Transmit Shift

Reg. Empty Flag)

1 TCY

Stop bit

Word 1

Transmit Shift Reg.

Write to TXREGx

BRG Output

(Shift Clock)

TXx (pin)

TXxIF bit

(Interrupt Reg. Flag)

TRMT bit

(Transmit Shift

Reg. Empty Flag)

Word 1 Word 2

Stop bit Start bit

Transmit Shift Reg.

Word 1 Word 2

bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 bit 0

Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.

1 TCY

Start bit

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.2.2 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS

RECEIVER

The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 20-6.

The data is received on the RXx pin and drives the data

recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a

high-speed shifter operating at x16 times the baud rate,

whereas the main receive serial shifter operates at the

bit rate or at FOSC. This mode would typically be used

in RS-232 systems.

To set up an Asynchronous Reception:

1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for

the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the

BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve

the desired baud rate.

2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing

bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.

3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.

4. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.

5. Enable the reception by setting bit, CREN.

6. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is

complete and an interrupt will be generated if

enable bit, RCxIE, was set.

7. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if

enabled) and determine if any error occurred

during reception.

8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the

RCREGx register.

9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing

enable bit, CREN.

10. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

20.2.3 SETTING UP 9-BIT MODE WITH

ADDRESS DETECT

This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems.

To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address

Detect Enable:

1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for

the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the

BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve

the desired baud rate.

2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing

the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit.

3. If interrupts are required, set the RCEN bit and

select the desired priority level with the RCxIP bit.

4. Set the RX9 bit to enable 9-bit reception.

5. Set the ADDEN bit to enable address detect.

6. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit.

7. The RCxIF bit will be set when reception is

complete. The interrupt will be Acknowledged if

the RCxIE and GIE bits are set.

8. Read the RCSTAx register to determine if any

error occurred during reception, as well as read

bit 9 of data (if applicable).

9. Read RCREGx to determine if the device is

being addressed.

10. If any error occurred, clear the CREN bit.

11. If the device has been addressed, clear the

ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the

receive buffer and interrupt the CPU.

FIGURE 20-6: EUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM

x64 Baud Rate CLK

Baud Rate Generator

RXx

Pin Buffer

and Control

SPEN

Data

Recovery

CREN OERR FERR

RSR Register

MSb LSb

RX9D RCREGx Register

FIFO

Interrupt RCxIF

RCxIE

Data Bus

÷ 64

÷ 16

Stop Start

(8) 7 1 0

RX9

• • •

SPBRGxSPBRGHx

BRG16

÷ 4

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 20-7: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

TABLE 20-6: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

20.2.4 AUTO-WAKE-UP ON SYNC BREAK

CHARACTER

During Sleep mode, all clocks to the EUSART are

suspended. Because of this, the Baud Rate Generator

is inactive and a proper byte reception cannot be per-

formed. The auto-wake-up feature allows the controller

to wake-up due to activity on the RXx/DTx line while the

EUSART is operating in Asynchronous mode.

The auto-wake-up feature is enabled by setting the

WUE bit (BAUDCONx<1>). Once set, the typical

receive sequence on RXx/DTx is disabled and the

EUSART remains in an Idle state, monitoring for a

wake-up event independent of the CPU mode. A

wake-up event consists of a high-to-low transition on

the RXx/DTx line. (This coincides with the start of a

Sync Break or a Wake-up Signal character for the LIN

protocol.)

Following a wake-up event, the module generates an

RCxIF interrupt. The interrupt is generated synchro-

nously to the Q clocks in normal operating modes

(Figure 20-8) and asynchronously if the device is in

Sleep mode (Figure 20-9). The interrupt condition is

cleared by reading the RCREGx register.

The WUE bit is automatically cleared once a

low-to-high transition is observed on the RXx line

following the wake-up event. At this point, the EUSART

module is in Idle mode and returns to normal operation.

This signals to the user that the Sync Break event is

over.

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL —SCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.

Start

bit bit 7/8

bit 1bit 0 bit 7/8 bit 0

Stop

bit

Start

bit

Start

bit

bit 7/8 Stop

bit

RXx (pin)

Rcv Buffer Reg

Rcv Shift Reg

Read Rcv

Buffer Reg

RCREGx

RCxIF

(Interrupt Flag)

OERR bit

CREN

Word 1

RCREGx

Word 2

RCREGx

Stop

bit

Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RXx input. The RCREGx (Receive Buffer) is read after the third word

causing the OERR (Overrun) bit to be set.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.2.4.1 Special Considerations Using

Auto-Wake-up

Since auto-wake-up functions by sensing rising edge

transitions on RXx/DTx, information with any state

changes before the Stop bit may signal a false

end-of-character and cause data or framing errors. To

work properly, therefore, the initial character in the

transmission must be all ‘0’s. This can be 00h (8 bytes)

for standard RS-232 devices or 000h (12 bits) for LIN

bus.

Oscillator start-up time must also be considered,

especially in applications using oscillators with longer

start-up intervals (i.e., HS or HSPLL mode). The Sync

Break (or Wake-up Signal) character must be of

sufficient length and be followed by a sufficient interval

to allow enough time for the selected oscillator to start

and provide proper initialization of the EUSART.

20.2.4.2 Special Considerations Using

the WUE Bit

The timing of WUE and RCxIF events may cause some

confusion when it comes to determining the validity of

received data. As noted, setting the WUE bit places the

EUSART in an Idle mode. The wake-up event causes a

receive interrupt by setting the RCxIF bit. The WUE bit

is cleared after this when a rising edge is seen on

RXx/DTx. The interrupt condition is then cleared by

reading the RCREGx register. Ordinarily, the data in

RCREGx will be dummy data and should be discarded.

The fact that the WUE bit has been cleared (or is still

set) and the RCxIF flag is set should not be used as an

indicator of the integrity of the data in RCREGx. Users

should consider implementing a parallel method in

firmware to verify received data integrity.

To assure that no actual data is lost, check the RCIDL

bit to verify that a receive operation is not in process. If

a receive operation is not occurring, the WUE bit may

then be set just prior to entering the Sleep mode.

FIGURE 20-8: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING NORMAL OPERATION

FIGURE 20-9: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING SLEEP

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

WUE bit(1)

RXx/DTx Line

RCxIF

Note 1: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.

Bit set by user

Cleared due to user read of RCREGx

Auto-Cleared

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

WUE bit(2)

RXx/DTx Line

RCxIF

Cleared due to user read of RCREGx

SLEEP Command Executed

Note 1: If the wake-up event requires long oscillator warm-up time, the auto-clear of the WUE bit can occur before the oscillator is ready. This

sequence should not depend on the presence of Q clocks.

2: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.

Sleep Ends

Note 1

Auto-Cleared

Bit set by user

ff J} (( J) {K J) 55

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.2.5 BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE

The EUSART module has the capability of sending the

special Break character sequences that are required by

the LIN bus standard. The Break character transmit

consists of a Start bit, followed by twelve ‘0’ bits and a

Stop bit. The Frame Break character is sent whenever

the SENDB and TXEN bits (TXSTAx<3> and

TXSTAx<5>) are set while the Transmit Shift Register

is loaded with data. Note that the value of data written

to TXREGx will be ignored and all ‘0’s will be

transmitted.

The SENDB bit is automatically reset by hardware after

the corresponding Stop bit is sent. This allows the user

to preload the transmit FIFO with the next transmit byte

following the Break character (typically, the Sync

character in the LIN specification).

Note that the data value written to the TXREGx for the

Break character is ignored. The write simply serves the

purpose of initiating the proper sequence.

The TRMT bit indicates when the transmit operation is

active or Idle, just as it does during normal transmis-

sion. See Figure 20-10 for the timing of the Break

character sequence.

20.2.5.1 Break and Sync Transmit Sequence

The following sequence will send a message frame

header made up of a Break, followed by an Auto-Baud

Sync byte. This sequence is typical of a LIN bus

master.

1. Configure the EUSART for the desired mode.

2. Set the TXEN and SENDB bits to set up the

Break character.

3. Load the TXREGx with a dummy character to

initiate transmission (the value is ignored).

4. Write ‘55h’ to TXREGx to load the Sync

character into the transmit FIFO buffer.

5. After the Break has been sent, the SENDB bit is

reset by hardware. The Sync character now

transmits in the preconfigured mode.

When the TXREGx becomes empty, as indicated by

the TXxIF, the next data byte can be written to

TXREGx.

20.2.6 RECEIVING A BREAK CHARACTER

The Enhanced USART module can receive a Break

character in two ways.

The first method forces configuration of the baud rate

at a frequency of 9/13 the typical speed. This allows for

the Stop bit transition to be at the correct sampling

location (13 bits for Break versus Start bit and 8 data

bits for typical data).

The second method uses the auto-wake-up feature

described in Section 20.2.4 “Auto-Wake-up on Sync

Break Character”. By enabling this feature, the

EUSART will sample the next two transitions on

RXx/DTx, cause an RCxIF interrupt and receive the

next data byte followed by another interrupt.

Note that following a Break character, the user will

typically want to enable the Auto-Baud Rate Detect

feature. For both methods, the user can set the ABDEN

bit once the TXxIF interrupt is observed.

FIGURE 20-10: SEND BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE

Write to TXREGx

BRG Output

(Shift Clock)

Start Bit Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 11 Stop Bit

Break

TXxIF bit

(Transmit Buffer

Reg. Empty Flag)

TXx (pin)

TRMT bit

(Transmit Shift

Reg. Empty Flag)

SENDB bit

(Transmit Shift

Reg. Empty Flag)

SENDB sampled here Auto-Cleared

Dummy Write

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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.3 EUSART Synchronous

Master Mode

The Synchronous Master mode is entered by setting

the CSRC bit (TXSTAx<7>). In this mode, the data is

transmitted in a half-duplex manner (i.e., transmission

and reception do not occur at the same time). When

transmitting data, the reception is inhibited and vice

versa. Synchronous mode is entered by setting bit,

SYNC (TXSTAx<4>). In addition, enable bit, SPEN

(RCSTAx<7>), is set in order to configure the TXx and

RXx pins to CKx (clock) and DTx (data) lines,

respectively.

The Master mode indicates that the processor trans-

mits the master clock on the CKx line. Clock polarity is

selected with the SCKP bit (BAUDCONx<4>); setting

SCKP sets the Idle state on CKx as high, while clearing

the bit sets the Idle state as low. This option is provided

to support Microwire devices with this module.

20.3.1 EUSART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER

TRANSMISSION

The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit

(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains

its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,

TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in

software. The TSR register is not loaded until the last

bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As

soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded

with new data from the TXREGx (if available).

Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the

TSR register (occurs in one TCY), the TXREGx is empty

and the TXxIF flag bit is set. The interrupt can be

enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt

enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF is set regardless of the state

of enable bit, TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. It

will reset only when new data is loaded into the

TXREGx register.

While flag bit, TXxIF, indicates the status of the TXREGx

status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which

is set when the TSR is empty. No interrupt logic is tied to

this bit, so the user must poll this bit in order to determine

if the TSR register is empty. The TSR is not mapped in

data memory so it is not available to the user.

To set up a Synchronous Master Transmission:

1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the

appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16

bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.

2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by

setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.

3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.

4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.

5. Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN.

6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit

should be loaded in bit, TX9D.

7. Start transmission by loading data to the

TXREGx register.

8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

FIGURE 20-11: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

bit 0 bit 1 bit 7

Word 1

Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

bit 2 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7RC7/RX1/DT1

RC6/TX1/CK1 pin

Write to

TXREG1 Reg

TX1IF bit

(Interrupt Flag)

TXEN bit ‘1’ ‘1’

Word 2

TRMT bit

Write Word 1 Write Word 2

Note: Sync Master mode, SPBRGx = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2

(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).

RC6/TX1/CK1 pin

(SCKP = 0)

(SCKP = 1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 20-12: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)

TABLE 20-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL —SCKPBRG16—WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.

RC7/RX1/DT1 pin

RC6/TX1/CK1 pin

Write to

TXREG1 reg

TX1IF bit

TRMT bit

bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7

TXEN bit

Note: This example is equally applicable to EUSART2 (RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).

\HO‘HMO"HMHM\H‘WHMH\O‘HHHHHMHH

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.3.2 EUSART SYNCHRONOUS

MASTER RECEPTION

Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is

enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit,

SREN (RCSTAx<5>), or the Continuous Receive

Enable bit, CREN (RCSTAx<4>). Data is sampled on

the RXx pin on the falling edge of the clock.

If enable bit, SREN, is set, only a single word is

received. If enable bit, CREN, is set, the reception is

continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are set,

then CREN takes precedence.

To set up a Synchronous Master Reception:

1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the

appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16

bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.

2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by

setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.

3. Ensure bits, CREN and SREN, are clear.

4. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.

5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.

6. If a single reception is required, set bit, SREN.

For continuous reception, set bit, CREN.

7. Interrupt flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when recep-

tion is complete and an interrupt will be generated

if the enable bit, RCxIE, was set.

8. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if

enabled) and determine if any error occurred

during reception.

9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the

RCREGx register.

10. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing

bit, CREN.

11. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE bits

in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are set.

FIGURE 20-13: SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)

TABLE 20-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.

CREN bit

RC7/RX1/DT1

RC6/TX1/CK1 pin

Write to

bit SREN

SREN bit

RC1IF bit

(Interrupt)

Read

RCREG1

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

‘

’

bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7

‘

’

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRGH = 0. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2

(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).

RC6/TX1/CK1 pin

(SCKP = 0)

(SCKP = 1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.4 EUSART Synchronous

Slave Mode

Synchronous Slave mode is entered by clearing bit,

CSRC (TXSTAx<7>). This mode differs from the

Synchronous Master mode in that the shift clock is sup-

plied externally at the CKx pin (instead of being supplied

internally in Master mode). This allows the device to

transfer or receive data while in any low-power mode.

20.4.1 EUSART SYNCHRONOUS

SLAVE TRANSMISSION

The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave

modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep mode.

If two words are written to the TXREGx and then the

SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur:

a) The first word will immediately transfer to the

TSR register and transmit.

b) The second word will remain in the TXREGx

c) Flag bit, TXxIF, will not be set.

d) When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,

the TXREGx register will transfer the second

word to the TSR and flag bit, TXxIF, will now be

set.

e) If enable bit, TXxIE, is set, the interrupt will wake

the chip from Sleep. If the global interrupt is

enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt

vector.

To set up a Synchronous Slave Transmission:

1. Enable the synchronous slave serial port by

setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,

CSRC.

2. Clear bits, CREN and SREN.

3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.

4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.

5. Enable the transmission by setting enable bit,

TXEN.

6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit

should be loaded in bit, TX9D.

7. Start transmission by loading data to the

TXREGx register.

8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

TABLE 20-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL — SCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

20.4.2 EUSART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE

RECEPTION

The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave

modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep, or any

Idle mode and bit, SREN, which is a “don’t care” in

Slave mode.

If receive is enabled by setting the CREN bit prior to

entering Sleep or any Idle mode, then a word may be

received while in this low-power mode. Once the word

is received, the RSR register will transfer the data to the

RCREGx register; if the RCxIE enable bit is set, the

interrupt generated will wake the chip from the

Low-Power mode. If the global interrupt is enabled, the

program will branch to the interrupt vector.

To set up a Synchronous Slave Reception:

1. Enable the synchronous master serial port by

setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,

CSRC.

2. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.

3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.

4. To enable reception, set enable bit, CREN.

5. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is

complete. An interrupt will be generated if

enable bit, RCxIE, was set.

6. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if

enabled) and determine if any error occurred

during reception.

7. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the

RCREGx register.

8. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing

bit, CREN.

9. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

TABLE 20-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 55

PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 55

IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 55

RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 55

RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 55

TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 55

BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL —SCKPBRG16—WUE ABDEN 56

SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 56

SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

O/DONE When ADON : 1.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

21.0 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL

CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has

11 inputs for the 64-pin devices and 15 for the 80-pin

devices. This module allows conversion of an analog

input signal to a corresponding 10-bit digital number.

The module has five registers:

• A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)

• A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)

• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)

• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)

• A/D Control Register 2 (ADCON2)

The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 21-1,

controls the operation of the A/D module. The

ADCON1 register, shown in Register 21-2, configures

the functions of the port pins. The ADCON2 register,

shown in Register 21-3, configures the A/D clock

source, programmed acquisition time and justification.

R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ADCAL — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 ADCAL: A/D Calibration bit

1 = Calibration is performed on next A/D conversion

0 = Normal A/D Converter operation (no calibration is performed)

bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-2 CHS<3:0>: Analog Channel Select bits

0000 = Channel 0 (AN0)

0001 = Channel 1 (AN1)

0010 = Channel 2 (AN2)

0011 = Channel 3 (AN3)

0100 = Channel 4 (AN4)

0101 = Unused

0110 = Channel 6 (AN6)

0111 = Channel 7 (AN7)

1000 = Channel 8 (AN8)

1001 = Channel 9 (AN9)

1010 = Channel 10 (AN10)

1011 = Channel 11 (AN11)

1100 = Channel 12 (AN12)(1,2)

1101 = Unimplemented(1,2)

1110 = Unimplemented(1,2)

1111 = Unimplemented(1,2)

bit 1 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit

When ADON = 1:

1 = A/D conversion in progress

0 = A/D Idle

bit 0 ADON: A/D On bit

1 = A/D converter module is enabled

0 = A/D converter module is disabled

Note 1: These channels are not implemented on 64-pin devices.

2: Performing a conversion on unimplemented channels will return random values.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5 VCFG1: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF- source)

1 = VREF- (AN2)

0 = AVSS

bit 4 VCFG0: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF+ source)

1 = VREF+ (AN3)

0 = AVDD

bit 3-0 PCFG<3:0>: A/D Port Configuration Control bits:

Note 1: AN12 through AN15 are available only in 80-pin devices.

A = Analog input D = Digital I/O

PCFG<3:0>

AN15(1)

AN14(1)

AN13(1)

AN12(1)

AN11

AN10

AN9

AN8

AN7

AN6

AN4

AN3

AN2

AN1

AN0

0000 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

0001 DDAAAAAAAAAAAAA

0010 DDDAAAAAAAAAAAA

0011 DDDDAAAAAAAAAAA

0100 DDDDDAAAAAAAAAA

0101 DDDDDDAAAAAAAAA

0110 DDDDDDDAAAAAAAA

0111 DDDDDDDDAAAAAAA

1000 DDDDDDDDDAAAAAA

1001 DDDDDDDDDDAAAAA

1010 DDDDDDDDDDAAAAA

1011 DDDDDDDDDDDAAAA

1100 DDDDDDDDDDDDAAA

1101 DDDDDDDDDDDDDAA

1110 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDA

1111 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit

1 = Right justified

0 = Left justified

bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-3 ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition Time Select bits

111 = 20 T

110 = 16 TAD

101 = 12 TAD

100 = 8 TAD

011 = 6 TAD

010 = 4 TAD

001 = 2 TAD

000 = 0 TAD(1)

bit 2-0 ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits

111 = FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)

110 = FOSC/64

101 = FOSC/16

100 = FOSC/4

011 = FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)

010 = FOSC/32

001 = FOSC/8

000 = FOSC/2

Note 1: If the A/D FRC clock source is selected, a delay of one TCY (instruction cycle) is added before the A/D clock

starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed before starting a conversion.

DONE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

The analog reference voltage is software selectable to

either the device’s positive and negative supply voltage

(AVDD and AVSS), or the voltage level on the

RA3/AN3/VREF+ and RA2/AN2/VREF- pins.

The A/D Converter has a unique feature of being able

to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To

operate in Sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be

derived from the A/D’s internal RC oscillator.

The output of the sample and hold is the input into the

converter, which generates the result via successive

approximation.

Each port pin associated with the A/D Converter can be

configured as an analog input or as a digital I/O. The

ADRESH and ADRESL registers contain the result of

the A/D conversion. When the A/D conversion is com-

plete, the result is loaded into the ADRESH:ADRESL

cleared and A/D Interrupt Flag bit, ADIF, is set.

A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.

This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any

conversion in progress is aborted. The value in the

ADRESH:ADRESL register pair is not modified for a

Power-on Reset. These registers will contain unknown

data after a Power-on Reset.

The block diagram of the A/D module is shown in

Figure 21-1.

FIGURE 21-1: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

(Input Voltage)

VAIN

VREF+

Reference

Voltage

VDD(2)

VCFG<1:0>

CHS<3:0>

AN7

AN6

AN4

AN3

AN2

AN1

AN0

0111

0110

0100

0011

0010

0001

0000

10-Bit

A/D

VREF-

VSS(2)

Converter

AN15(1)

AN14(1)

AN13(1)

AN12(1)

AN11

AN10

AN9

AN8

1111

1110

1101

1100

1011

1010

1001

1000

Note 1: Channels AN15 through AN12 are not available on 64-pin devices.

2: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.

/DONE DONE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

After the A/D module has been configured as desired,

the selected channel must be acquired before the

conversion is started. The analog input channels must

have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an

input. To determine acquisition time, see Section 21.1

“A/D Acquisition Requirements”. After this acquisi-

tion time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be

started. An acquisition time can be programmed to

occur between setting the GO/DONE bit and the actual

start of the conversion.

The following steps should be followed to do an A/D

conversion:

1. Configure the A/D module:

• Configure analog pins, voltage reference and

digital I/O (ADCON1)

• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)

• Select A/D acquisition time (ADCON2)

• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON2)

• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)

2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):

• Clear ADIF bit

• Set ADIE bit

• Set GIE bit

3. Wait the required acquisition time (if required).

4. Start conversion:

• Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>)

5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:

• Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared

• Waiting for the A/D interrupt

6. Read A/D Result registers (ADRESH:ADRESL);

clear bit, ADIF, if required.

7. For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2, as

required. The A/D conversion time per bit is

defined as T

AD. A minimum wait of 2 TAD is

required before next acquisition starts.

FIGURE 21-2: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VAIN CPIN

RSANx

5 pF

VDD

VT = 0.6V

VT = 0.6V ILEAKAGE

RIC ≤ 1k

Sampling

Switch

SS RSS

CHOLD = 25 pF

VSS

Sampling Switch

1234

(kΩ)

VDD

±100 nA

Legend: CPIN

ILEAKAGE

RIC

CHOLD

= Input Capacitance

= Threshold Voltage

= Leakage Current at the pin due to

= Interconnect Resistance

= Sampling Switch

= Sample/Hold Capacitance (from DAC)

various junctions

= Sampling Switch ResistanceRSS

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

21.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements

For the A/D Converter to meet its specified accuracy,

the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed

to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The

analog input model is shown in Figure 21-2. The

source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling

switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time

required to charge the capacitor, CHOLD. The sampling

switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage

(VDD). The source impedance affects the offset voltage

at the analog input (due to pin leakage current). The

maximum recommended impedance for analog

sources is 2.5 kΩ. After the analog input channel is

selected (changed), the channel must be sampled for

at least the minimum acquisition time before starting a

conversion.

To calculate the minimum acquisition time,

Equation 21-1 may be used. This equation assumes

that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The

1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D

to meet its specified resolution.

Equation 21-3 shows the calculation of the minimum

required acquisition time, T

ACQ. This calculation is

based on the following application system

assumptions:

CHOLD =25 pF

Rs = 2.5 kΩ

Conversion Error ≤1/2 LSb

VDD =3V→Rss = 2 kΩ

Temperature = 85°C (system max.)

EQUATION 21-1: ACQUISITION TIME

EQUATION 21-2: A/D MINIMUM CHARGING TIME

EQUATION 21-3: CALCULATING THE MINIMUM REQUIRED ACQUISITION TIME

Note: When the conversion is started, the

holding capacitor is disconnected from the

input pin.

TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Holding Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient

AMP + TC + TCOFF

VHOLD = (VREF – (VREF/2048)) • (1 – e(-TC/CHOLD(RIC + RSS + RS)))

TC = -(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048)

TACQ =TAMP + TC + TCOFF

TAMP =0.2 μs

TCOFF = (Temp – 25°C)(0.02 μs/°C)

(85°C – 25°C)(0.02 μs/°C)

1.2 μs

Temperature coefficient is only required for temperatures > 25°C. Below 25°C, TCOFF = 0 ms.

TC = -(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048) μs

-(25 pF) (1 kΩ + 2 kΩ + 2.5 kΩ) ln(0.0004883) μs

1.05 μs

TACQ =0.2 μs + 1 μs + 1.2 μs

2.4 μs

DONE DONE DONE GODONE DONE DONE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

21.2 Selecting and Configuring

Automatic Acquisition Time

The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an

acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE

bit is set.

When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and

a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensur-

ing the required acquisition time has passed between

selecting the desired input channel and setting the

GO/DONE bit. This occurs when the ACQT<2:0> bits

(ADCON2<5:3>) remain in their Reset state (‘000’) and

is compatible with devices that do not offer

programmable acquisition times.

If desired, the ACQT bits can be set to select a pro-

grammable acquisition time for the A/D module. When

the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues to

sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then

automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisi-

tion time is programmed, there may be no need to wait

for an acquisition time between selecting a channel and

setting the GO/DONE bit.

In either case, when the conversion is completed, the

GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the

A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel

again. If an acquisition time is programmed, there is

nothing to indicate if the acquisition time has ended or

if the conversion has begun.

21.3 Selecting the A/D Conversion

Clock

The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The

A/D conversion requires 11 T

AD per 10-bit conversion.

The source of the A/D conversion clock is software

selectable.

There are seven possible options for TAD:

•2 T

OSC

•4 TOSC

•8 TOSC

•16 TOSC

•32 TOSC

•64 T

OSC

• Internal RC Oscillator

For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock

AD) must be as short as possible but greater than the

minimum TAD (see parameter 130 in Table 27-27 for

more information).

Table 21-1 shows the resultant T

AD times derived from

the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock

source selected.

TABLE 21-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING

FREQUENCIES

21.4 Configuring Analog Port Pins

The ADCON1, TRISA, TRISF and TRISH registers

control the operation of the A/D port pins. The port pins

needed as analog inputs must have their correspond-

ing TRIS bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared

(output), the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be

converted.

The A/D operation is independent of the state of the

CHS<3:0> bits and the TRIS bits.

AD Clock Source (TAD)Maximum

Device

Frequency

Operation ADCS<2:0>

2 T

OSC 000 2.86 MHz

4 T

OSC 100 5.71 MHz

8 TOSC 001 11.43 MHz

16 TOSC 101 22.86 MHz

32 TOSC 010 40.0 MHz

64 TOSC 110 40.0 MHz

RC(2) x11 1.00 MHz(1)

Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of

4μs.

2: For device frequencies above 1 MHz, the

device must be in Sleep mode for the entire

conversion or the A/D accuracy may be out

of specification.

Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins

configured as analog input channels will

read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-

ured as digital inputs will convert an

analog input. Analog levels on a digitally

configured input will be accurately

converted.

2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a

digital input may cause the digital input

buffer to consume current out of the

device’s specification limits.

DONE DONE DONE DONE DONE IDONE ‘GODONE WDONE DONE IDONE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

21.5 A/D Conversions

Figure 21-3 shows the operation of the A/D Converter

after the GO/DONE bit has been set and the

ACQT<2:0> bits are cleared. A conversion is started

after the following instruction to allow entry into Sleep

mode before the conversion begins.

Figure 21-4 shows the operation of the A/D Converter

after the GO/DONE bit has been set, the ACQT<2:0>

bits are set to ‘010’ and a 4 TAD acquisition time has

been selected before the conversion starts.

Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will

abort the current conversion. The A/D Result register

pair will NOT be updated with the partially completed

A/D conversion sample. This means the

ADRESH:ADRESL registers will continue to contain

the value of the last completed conversion (or the last

value written to the ADRESH:ADRESL registers).

After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a

AD wait is required before the next acquisition can be

started. After this wait, acquisition on the selected

channel is automatically started.

21.6 Use of the ECCP2 Trigger

An A/D conversion can be started by the “Special Event

Trigger” of the ECCP2 module. This requires that the

CCP2M<3:0> bits (CCP2CON<3:0>) be programmed

as ‘1011’ and that the A/D module is enabled (ADON

bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit

will be set, starting the A/D acquisition and conversion

and the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter will be reset to zero.

Timer1 (or Timer3) is reset to automatically repeat the

A/D acquisition period with minimal software overhead

(moving ADRESH/ADRESL to the desired location).

The appropriate analog input channel must be selected

and the minimum acquisition period is either timed by

the user, or an appropriate TACQ time is selected before

the Special Event Trigger sets the GO/DONE bit (starts

a conversion).

If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared), the

Special Event Trigger will be ignored by the A/D module

but will still reset the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter.

FIGURE 21-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0)

FIGURE 21-4: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD)

Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in

the same instruction that turns on the A/D.

TAD1 TAD2TAD3TAD4 TAD5TAD6 TAD7TAD8TAD11

Set GO/DONE bit

Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns)

TAD9 TAD10

TCY - TAD

Next Q4: ADRESH/ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,

ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input.

Conversion starts

b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1

b8 b7

1234567811

Set GO/DONE bit

(Holding capacitor is disconnected)

910

Next Q4: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,

ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is reconnected to analog input.

Conversion starts

123 4

(Holding capacitor continues

acquiring input)

TACQT Cycles TAD Cycles

Automatic

Acquisition

Time

b0b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1

b8 b7

/DONE GO/DONE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

21.7 A/D Converter Calibration

The A/D Converter in the PIC18F87J10 family of

devices includes a self-calibration feature which com-

pensates for any offset generated within the module.

The calibration process is automated and is initiated by

setting the ADCAL bit (ADCON0<7>). The next time

the GO/DONE bit is set, the module will perform a

“dummy” conversion (that is, with reading none of the

input channels) and store the resulting value internally

to compensate for offset. Thus, subsequent offsets will

be compensated.

The calibration process assumes that the device is in a

relatively steady-state operating condition. If A/D

calibration is used, it should be performed after each

device Reset or if there are other major changes in

operating conditions.

21.8 Operation in Power-Managed

Modes

The selection of the automatic acquisition time and A/D

conversion clock is determined in part by the clock

source and frequency while in a power-managed

mode.

If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in

a power-managed mode, the ACQT<2:0> and

ADCS<2:0> bits in ADCON2 should be updated in

accordance with the power-managed mode clock that

will be used. After the power-managed mode is entered

(either of the power-managed Run modes), an A/D

acquisition or conversion may be started. Once an

acquisition or conversion is started, the device should

continue to be clocked by the same power-managed

mode clock source until the conversion has been com-

pleted. If desired, the device may be placed into the

corresponding power-managed Idle mode during the

conversion.

If the power-managed mode clock frequency is less

than 1 MHz, the A/D RC clock source should be

selected.

Operation in the Sleep mode requires the A/D RC clock

to be selected. If bits, ACQT<2:0>, are set to ‘000’ and

a conversion is started, the conversion will be delayed

one instruction cycle to allow execution of the SLEEP

instruction and entry to Sleep mode. The IDLEN and

SCS bits in the OSCCON register must have already

been cleared prior to starting the conversion.

TABLE 21-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 55

PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 55

IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 55

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF — — BCL1IF — TMR3IF CCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE — — BCL1IE —TMR3IE CCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP — — BCL1IP —TMR3IP CCP2IP 55

ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte 54

ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte 54

ADCON0 ADCAL — CHS3 CHS3 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 54

ADCON1 —— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 54

ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 54

CCP2CON P2M1 P2M0 DC2B1 DC2B0 CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 55

PORTA —— RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 56

TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 56

PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 —56

TRISF TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 —56

PORTH(1) RH7 RH6 RH5 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH1 RH0 56

TRISH(1) TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.

Note 1: This register is not implemented on 64-pin devices.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

When (22le : 0. When (22le : 1. When CWINV : 0. When CWINV : 1. When CM<2.0> : 110.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

22.0 COMPARATOR MODULE

The analog comparator module contains two

comparators that can be configured in a variety of

ways. The inputs can be selected from the analog

inputs multiplexed with pins RF1 through RF6, as well

as the on-chip voltage reference (see Section 23.0

“Comparator Voltage Reference Module”). The digi-

tal outputs (normal or inverted) are available at the pin

level and can also be read through the control register.

The CMCON register (Register 22-1) selects the

comparator input and output configuration. Block

diagrams of the various comparator configurations are

shown in Figure 22-1.

R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 C2OUT: Comparator 2 Output bit

When C2INV = 0:

1 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-

0 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-

When C2INV = 1:

1 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-

0 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-

bit 6 C1OUT: Comparator 1 Output bit

When C1INV = 0:

1 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-

0 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-

When C1INV = 1:

1 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-

0 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-

bit 5 C2INV: Comparator 2 Output Inversion bit

1 = C2 output inverted

0 = C2 output not inverted

bit 4 C1INV: Comparator 1 Output Inversion bit

1 = C1 output inverted

0 = C1 output not inverted

bit 3 CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit

When CM<2:0> = 110:

1 =C1 VIN- connects to RA5/AN10/CVREF

C2 VIN- connects to RF3/AN8

0 =C1 V

IN- connects to RF6/AN11

C2 VIN- connects to RF4/AN9

bit 2-0 CM<2:0>: Comparator Mode bits

Figure 22-1 shows the Comparator modes and the CM<2:0> bit settings.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

22.1 Comparator Configuration

There are eight modes of operation for the compara-

tors, shown in Figure 22-1. Bits, CM<2:0>, of the

CMCON register are used to select these modes. The

TRISF register controls the data direction of the

comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator

mode is changed, the comparator output level may not

be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in

Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.

FIGURE 22-1: COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES

Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled

during a Comparator mode change;

otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.

VIN-

VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)

Comparator Outputs Disabled

CM<2:0> = 000

VIN-

VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

Two Independent Comparators

CM<2:0> = 010

VIN-

VIN+C2OUT

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

Two Common Reference Comparators

CM<2:0> = 100

VIN-

VIN+C2OUT

VIN-

VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)

One Independent Comparator with Output

CM<2:0> = 001

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

VIN-

VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)

Comparators Off (POR Default Value)

CM<2:0> = 111

VIN-

VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators

CM<2:0> = 110

VIN-

VIN+C2OUT

From VREF module

CIS = 0

CIS = 1

CIS = 0

CIS = 1

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs

CM<2:0> = 101

VIN-

VIN+C2OUT

A = Analog Input, port reads zeros always D = Digital Input CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Comparator Input Switch

CVREF

VIN-

VIN+C1OUT

Two Independent Comparators with Outputs

CM<2:0> = 011

VIN-

VIN+C2OUT

RF1/AN6/C2OUT*

RF2/AN7/C1OUT*

* Setting the TRISF<2:1> bits will disable the comparator outputs by configuring the pins as inputs.

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF2/AN7/C1OUT*

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF1/AN6/C2OUT*

RF2/AN7/C1OUT*

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

RF6/AN11

RF5/AN10/

RF4/AN9

RF3/AN8

CVREF

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

22.2 Comparator Operation

A single comparator is shown in Figure 22-2, along with

the relationship between the analog input levels and

the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less

than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator

is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is

greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the

comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of

the output of the comparator in Figure 22-2 represent

the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.

22.3 Comparator Reference

Depending on the comparator operating mode, either

an external or internal voltage reference may be used.

The analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the

signal at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator

is adjusted accordingly (Figure 22-2).

FIGURE 22-2: SINGLE COMPARATOR

22.3.1 EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL

When external voltage references are used, the

comparator module can be configured to have the com-

parators operate from the same or different reference

sources. However, threshold detector applications may

require the same reference. The reference signal must

be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either

pin of the comparator(s).

22.3.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL

The comparator module also allows the selection of an

internally generated voltage reference from the

comparator voltage reference module. This module is

described in more detail in Section 23.0 “Comparator

Voltage Reference Module”.

The internal reference is only available in the mode

where four inputs are multiplexed to two comparators

(CM<2:0> = 110). In this mode, the internal voltage

reference is applied to the VIN+ pin of both

comparators.

22.4 Comparator Response Time

Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a

new reference voltage or input source, before the

comparator output has a valid level. If the internal ref-

erence is changed, the maximum delay of the internal

voltage reference must be considered when using the

comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum delay of

the comparators should be used (see Section 27.0

“Electrical Characteristics”).

22.5 Comparator Outputs

The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON

outputs may also be directly output to the RF1 and RF2

I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path

of the RF1 and RF2 pins will switch and the output of

each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the

comparator. The uncertainty of each of the

comparators is related to the input offset voltage and

the response time given in the specifications.

Figure 22-3 shows the comparator output block

diagram.

The TRISF bits will still function as an output enable/

disable for the RF1 and RF2 pins while in this mode.

The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed

using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<5:4>).

–

VIN+

VIN-

Output

VIN-

VIN+

Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins

configured as analog inputs will read as a

‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will

convert an analog input according to the

Schmitt Trigger input specification.

2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a

digital input may cause the input buffer to

consume more current than is specified.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 22-3: COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM

22.6 Comparator Interrupts

The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is

a change in the output value of either comparator.

Software will need to maintain information about the

status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to

determine the actual change that occurred. The CMIF

bit (PIR2<6>) is the Comparator Interrupt Flag. The

CMIF bit must be reset by clearing it. Since it is also

possible to write a ‘1’ to this register, a simulated

interrupt may be initiated.

Both the CMIE bit (PIE2<6>) and the PEIE bit

(INTCON<6>) must be set to enable the interrupt. In

addition, the GIE bit (INTCON<7>) must also be set. If

any of these bits are clear, the interrupt is not enabled,

though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt

condition occurs.

The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the

interrupt in the following manner:

a) Any read or write of CMCON will end the

mismatch condition.

b) Clear flag bit, CMIF.

A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, CMIF.

Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and

allow flag bit, CMIF, to be cleared.

22.7 Comparator Operation

During Sleep

When a comparator is active and the device is placed

in Sleep mode, the comparator remains active and the

interrupt is functional, if enabled. This interrupt will

wake-up the device from Sleep mode, when enabled.

Each operational comparator will consume additional

current, as shown in the comparator specifications. To

minimize power consumption while in Sleep mode, turn

off the comparators (CM<2:0> = 111) before entering

Sleep. If the device wakes up from Sleep, the contents

of the CMCON register are not affected.

22.8 Effects of a Reset

A device Reset forces the CMCON register to its Reset

state, causing the comparator modules to be turned off

(CM<2:0> = 111). However, the input pins (RF3

through RF6) are configured as analog inputs by

default on device Reset. The I/O configuration for these

pins is determined by the setting of the PCFG<3:0> bits

(ADCON1<3:0>). Therefore, device current is

minimized when analog inputs are present at Reset

time.

To RF1 or

RF2 Pin

Bus

Data

Set

MULTIPLEX

CMIF

bit

Port Pins

Read CMCON

Reset

From

Other

Comparator

CxINV

EN CL

Note: If a change in the CMCON register

(C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a

read operation is being executed (start of

the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR2

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

22.9 Analog Input Connection

Considerations

A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in

Figure 22-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a

digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD

and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between

VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this

range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the

diodes is forward biased and a latch-up condition may

occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 kΩ is

recommended for the analog sources. Any external

component connected to an analog input pin, such as

a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little

leakage current.

FIGURE 22-4: COMPARATOR ANALOG INPUT MODEL

TABLE 22-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 53

PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF — — BCL1IF —TMR3IF CCP2IF 55

PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE — — BCL1IE —TMR3IE CCP2IE 55

IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP — — BCL1IP —TMR3IP CCP2IP 55

CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 55

CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 55

PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 —56

LATF LATF7 LATF6 LATF5 LATF4 LATF3 LATF2 LATF1 —56

TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 —56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are unused by the comparator module.

RS < 10k

AIN

CPIN

5 pF

VDD

VT = 0.6V

RIC

ILEAKAGE

±500 nA

VSS

Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance

VT= Threshold Voltage

ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions

RIC = Interconnect Resistance

RS= Source Impedance

VA = Analog Voltage

Comparator

Input

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

W If CVRR : 0 [1) When CVRR : 1. When CVRR : o.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

23.0 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE

REFERENCE MODULE

The comparator voltage reference is a 16-tap resistor

ladder network that provides a selectable reference

voltage. Although its primary purpose is to provide a

reference for the analog comparators, it may also be

used independently of them.

A block diagram of the module is shown in Figure 23-1.

The resistor ladder is segmented to provide two ranges

of CVREF values and has a power-down function to

conserve power when the reference is not being used.

The module’s supply reference can be provided from

either device VDD/VSS or an external voltage reference.

23.1 Configuring the Comparator

Voltage Reference

The comparator voltage reference module is controlled

through the CVRCON register (Register 23-1). The

comparator voltage reference provides two ranges of

output voltage, each with 16 distinct levels. The range

to be used is selected by the CVRR bit (CVRCON<5>).

The primary difference between the ranges is the size

of the steps selected by the CVREF Selection bits

(CVR<3:0>), with one range offering finer resolution.

The equations used to calculate the output of the

comparator voltage reference are as follows:

If CVRR = 1:

CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) x (CVRSRC)

If CVRR = 0:

CVREF =(CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) x

(CVRSRC)

The comparator reference supply voltage can come

from either VDD and VSS, or the external VREF+ and

VREF- that are multiplexed with RA2 and RA3. The

voltage source is selected by the CVRSS bit

(CVRCON<4>).

The settling time of the comparator voltage reference

must be considered when changing the CVREF

output (see Table 27-3 in Section 27.0 “Electrical

Characteristics”).

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

CVREN CVROE(1) CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7 CVREN: Comparator Voltage Reference Enable bit

1 =CV

REF circuit powered on

0 =CV

REF circuit powered down

bit 6 CVROE: Comparator VREF Output Enable bit(1)

1 =CVREF voltage level is also output on the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin

0 =CV

REF voltage is disconnected from the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin

bit 5 CVRR: Comparator VREF Range Selection bit

1 = 0 to 0.667 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/24 step size (low range)

0 = 0.25 CVRSRC to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/32 step size (high range)

bit 4 CVRSS: Comparator VREF Source Selection bit

1 = Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = (VREF+) – (VREF-)

0 = Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = VDD – VSS

bit 3-0 CVR<3:0>: Comparator VREF Value Selection bits (0 ≤ (CVR<3:0>) ≤ 15)

When CVRR = 1:

CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) • (CVRSRC)

When CVRR = 0:

CVREF = (CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) • (CVRSRC)

Note 1: CVROE overrides the TRISF<5> bit setting.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 23-1: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM

23.2 Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error

The full range of voltage reference cannot be realized

due to the construction of the module. The transistors

on the top and bottom of the resistor ladder network

(Figure 23-1) keep CVREF from approaching the refer-

ence source rails. The voltage reference is derived

from the reference source; therefore, the CVREF output

changes with fluctuations in that source. The tested

absolute accuracy of the voltage reference can be

found in Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.

23.3 Operation During Sleep

When the device wakes up from Sleep through an

interrupt or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of

the CVRCON register are not affected. To minimize

current consumption in Sleep mode, the voltage

reference should be disabled.

23.4 Effects of a Reset

A device Reset disables the voltage reference by

clearing bit, CVREN (CVRCON<7>). This Reset also

disconnects the reference from the RA2 pin by clearing

bit, CVROE (CVRCON<6>), and selects the high-

voltage range by clearing bit, CVRR (CVRCON<5>).

The CVR value select bits are also cleared.

23.5 Connection Considerations

The voltage reference module operates independently

of the comparator module. The output of the reference

generator may be connected to the RF5 pin if the

CVROE bit is set. Enabling the voltage reference out-

put onto RA2 when it is configured as a digital input will

increase current consumption. Connecting RF5 as a

digital output with CVRSS enabled will also increase

current consumption.

The RF5 pin can be used as a simple D/A output with

limited drive capability. Due to the limited current drive

capability, a buffer must be used on the voltage

reference output for external connections to VREF.

Figure 23-2 shows an example buffering technique.

16-to-1 MUX

CVR<3:0>

CVREN

CVRSS = 0

VDD

VREF+CVRSS = 1

CVRSS = 0

VREF-CVRSS = 1

16 Steps

CVRR

CVREF

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 23-2: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE

TABLE 23-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Reset

Values

on page

CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 55

CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 55

TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 —56

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference.

CVREF Output

–

CVREF

Module

Voltage

Reference

Output

Impedance

R(1)

RF5

Note 1: R is dependent upon the comparator voltage reference Configuration bits, CVRCON<5> and CVRCON<3:0>.

PIC18F87J10

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

CPU

PIC18F87J10 family devices include several features

intended to maximize reliability and minimize cost

through elimination of external components. These are:

• Oscillator Selection

• Resets:

- Power-on Reset (POR)

- Power-up Timer (PWRT)

- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

- Brown-out Reset (BOR)

• Interrupts

• Watchdog Timer (WDT)

• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor

• Two-Speed Start-up

• Code Protection

• In-Circuit Serial Programming

The oscillator can be configured for the application

depending on frequency, power, accuracy and cost. All

of the options are discussed in detail in Section 3.0

“Oscillator Configurations”.

A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts

is available in previous sections of this data sheet.

In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up

Timers provided for Resets, the PIC18F87J10 family of

devices have a configurable Watchdog Timer which is

controlled in software.

The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides

the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor

(FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for

background monitoring of the peripheral clock and

automatic switchover in the event of its failure.

Two-Speed Start-up enables code to be executed

almost immediately on start-up, while the primary clock

source completes its start-up delays.

All of these features are enabled and configured by

setting the appropriate Configuration register bits.

24.1 Configuration Bits

The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as

‘0’) or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’) to select various

device configurations. These bits are mapped starting

at program memory location 300000h. A complete list

is shown in Table 24-2. A detailed explanation of the

various bit functions is provided in Register 24-1

through Register 24-6.

24.1.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR

CONFIGURING THE PIC18F87J10

FAMILY DEVICES

Unlike previous PIC18 microcontrollers, devices of the

PIC18F87J10 family do not use persistent memory

registers to store configuration information. The config-

uration bytes are implemented as volatile memory

which means that configuration data must be

programmed each time the device is powered up.

Configuration data is stored in the four words at the top

of the on-chip program memory space, known as the

Flash Configuration Words. It is stored in program

memory in the same order shown in Table 24-2, with

CONFIG1L at the lowest address and CONFIG3H at

the highest. The data is automatically loaded in the

proper Configuration registers during device power-up.

When creating applications for these devices, users

should always specifically allocate the location of the

Flash Configuration Word for configuration data; this is

to make certain that program code is not stored in this

address when the code is compiled.

The volatile memory cells used for the Configuration

bits always reset to ‘1’ on Power-on Resets. For all

other type of Reset events, the previously programmed

values are maintained and used without reloading from

program memory.

The four Most Significant bits of CONFIG1H,

CONFIG2H and CONFIG3H in program memory

should also be ‘1111’. This makes these Configuration

Words appear to be NOP instructions in the remote

event that their locations are ever executed by

accident. Since Configuration bits are not implemented

in the corresponding locations, writing ‘1’s to these

locations has no effect on device operation.

To prevent inadvertent configuration changes during

code execution, all programmable Configuration bits

are write-once. After a bit is initially programmed during

a power cycle, it cannot be written to again. Changing

a device configuration requires that power to the device

be cycled.

TABLE 24-1: MAPPING OF THE FLASH

CONFIGURATION WORDS TO

THE CONFIGURATION

REGISTERS

Configuration Byte Code Space

Address

Configuration

Address

CONFIG1L XXXF8h 300000h

CONFIG1H XXXF9h 300001h

CONFIG2L XXXFAh 300002h

CONFIG2H XXXFBh 300003h

CONFIG3L XXXFCh 300004h

CONFIG3H XXXFDh 300005h

CONFIG4L(1) XXXFEh 300006h

CONFIG4H(1) XXXFFh 300007h

Note 1: Unimplemented in PIC18F87J10 family devices.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 24-2: CONFIGURATION BITS AND DEVICE IDs

File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Default/

Unprogrammed

Value(1)

300000h CONFIG1L DEBUG XINST STVREN — — — —WDTEN111- ---1

300001h CONFIG1H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) —(3) CP0 — — ---- 01--

300002h CONFIG2L IESO FCMEN — — — FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0 11-- -111

300003h CONFIG2H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 ---- 1111

300004h CONFIG3L WAIT(4) BW(4) EMB1(4) EMB0(4) EASHFT(4) — — — 1111 1---

300005h CONFIG3H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) ——ECCPMX

(4) CCP2MX ---- --11

3FFFFEh DEVID1 DEV2 DEV1 DEV0 REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0 xxxx xxxx(5)

3FFFFFh DEVID2 DEV10 DEV9 DEV8 DEV7 DEV6 DEV5 DEV4 DEV3 0000 10x1(5)

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented. Shaded cells are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.

Note 1: Values reflect the unprogrammed state as received from the factory and following Power-on Resets. In all other Reset

states, the configuration bytes maintain their previously programmed states.

2: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is executed as a NOP if it

is accidentally executed.

3: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.

4: Implemented in 80-pin devices only. On 64-pin devices, these bits are reserved and should always be maintained as ‘1’.

5: See Register 24-7 and Register 24-8 for DEVID values. These registers are read-only and cannot be programmed by

the user.

‘ DEBUG ‘ (1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1

DEBUG XINST STVREN — — — —WDTEN

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7 DEBUG: Background Debugger Enable bit

1 = Background debugger disabled; RB6 and RB7 configured as general purpose I/O pins

0 = Background debugger enabled; RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to In-Circuit Debug

bit 6 XINST: Extended Instruction Set Enable bit

1 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode enabled

0 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode)

bit 5 STVREN: Stack Overflow/Underflow Reset Enable bit

1 = Reset on stack overflow/underflow enabled

0 = Reset on stack overflow/underflow disabled

bit 4-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 0 WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit

1 = WDT enabled

0 = WDT disabled (control is placed on SWDTEN bit)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0

— — — — —(1) CP0 — —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 2 CP0: Code Protection bit

1 = Program memory is not code-protected

0 = Program memory is code-protected

bit 1-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

Note 1: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1

IESO FCMEN — — — FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7 IESO: Two-Speed Start-up (Internal/External Oscillator Switchover) Control bit

1 = Two-Speed Start-up enabled

0 = Two-Speed Start-up disabled

bit 6 FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit

1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled

0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled

bit 5-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 2 FOSC2: Default/Reset System Clock Select bit

1 = Clock selected by FOSC<1:0> as a system clock is enabled when OSCCON<1:0> = 00

0 = INTRC enabled as a system clock when OSCCON<1:0> = 00

bit 1-0 FOSC<1:0>: Oscillator Selection bits

11 = EC oscillator, PLL enabled and under software control, CLKO function on OSC2

10 = EC oscillator, CLKO function on OSC2

01 = HS oscillator, PLL enabled and under software control

00 = HS oscillator

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1

— — — — WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3-0 WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits

1111 = 1:32,768

1110 = 1:16,384

1101 = 1:8,192

1100 = 1:4,096

1011 = 1:2,048

1010 = 1:1,024

1001 = 1:512

1000 = 1:256

0111 = 1:128

0110 = 1:64

0101 = 1:32

0100 = 1:16

0011 = 1:8

0010 = 1:4

0001 = 1:2

0000 = 1:1

(1] [1) 30(1) [1) CPMX“)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0

WAIT(1) BW(1) EMB1(1) EMB0(1) EASHFT(1) — — —

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7 WAIT: External Bus Wait Enable bit(1)

1 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus disabled

0 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus enabled

bit 6 BW: Data Bus Width Select bit(1)

1 = 16-Bit External Bus mode

0 = 8-Bit External Bus mode

bit 5-4 EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits(1)

11 = Microcontroller mode – external bus disabled

10 = Extended Microcontroller mode,12-Bit Address mode

01 = Extended Microcontroller mode,16-Bit Address mode

00 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-Bit Address mode

bit 3 EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit(1)

1 = Address shifting enabled; address on external bus is offset to start at 000000h

0 = Address shifting disabled; address on external bus reflects the PC value

bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

Note 1: Implemented only on 80-pin devices.

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1

— — — — — —ECCPMX

(1) CCP2MX

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared

bit 7-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 ECCPMX: ECCPx MUX bit(1)

1 = ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RE6 and RE5;

ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RE4 and RE3

0 = ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RH7 and RH6;

ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RH5 and RH4

bit 0 CCP2MX: ECCP2 MUX bit

1 = ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RC1

0 = ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RE7 in Microcontroller mode (all devices) or with RB3 in Extended

Microcontroller mode (80-pin devices only)

Note 1: Available only on 80-pin devices.

‘ m DEW“ m DEV7‘“ DEve“) 11) [1) (1) ‘ 0m DEng m

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RRRRRRRR

DEV2(1) DEV1(1) DEV0(1) REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Read-only bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed u = Unchanged from programmed state

bit 7-5 DEV<2:0>: Device ID bits(1)

111 = PIC18F85J10

101 = PIC18F67J10

100 = PIC18F66J15

011 = PIC18F66J10 or PIC18F87J10

010 = PIC18F65J15 or PIC18F86J15

001 = PIC18F65J10 or PIC18F86J10

000 = PIC18F85J15

bit 4-0 REV<4:0>: Revision ID bits

These bits are used to indicate the device revision.

Note 1: Where values for DEV<2:0> are shared by more than one device number, the specific device is always

identified by using the entire DEV<10:0> bit sequence.

RRRRRRRR

DEV10(1) DEV9(1) DEV8(1) DEV7(1) DEV6(1) DEV5(1) DEV4(1) DEV3(1)

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Read-only bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value when device is unprogrammed u = Unchanged from programmed state

bit 7-0 DEV<10:3>: Device ID bits(1)

These bits are used with the DEV<2:0> bits in the Device ID Register 1 to identify the part number.

0001 0101 = PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10/85J10 devices

0001 0111 = PIC18F85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10 devices

Note 1: The values for DEV<10:3> may be shared with other device families. The specific device is always

identified by using the entire DEV<10:0> bit sequence.

1 “13*” EN“)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.2 Watchdog Timer (WDT)

For PIC18F87J10 family devices, the WDT is driven by

the INTRC oscillator. When the WDT is enabled, the

clock source is also enabled. The nominal WDT period is

4 ms and has the same stability as the INTRC oscillator.

The 4 ms period of the WDT is multiplied by a 16-bit

postscaler. Any output of the WDT postscaler is selected

by a multiplexor, controlled by the WDTPS bits in Config-

uration Register 2H. Available periods range from about

4 ms to 135 seconds (2.25 minutes depending on

voltage, temperature and WDT postscaler). The WDT

and postscaler are cleared whenever a SLEEP or

CLRWDT instruction is executed, or a clock failure

(primary or Timer1 oscillator) has occurred.

24.2.1 CONTROL REGISTER

The WDTCON register (Register 24-9) is a readable

and writable register. The SWDTEN bit enables or dis-

ables WDT operation. This allows software to override

the WDTEN Configuration bit and enable the WDT only

if it has been disabled by the Configuration bit.

FIGURE 24-1: WDT BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 24-3: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Note 1: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions

clear the WDT and postscaler counts

when executed.

2: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed,

the postscaler count will be cleared.

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0

— — — — — — —SWDTEN

(1)

bit 7 bit 0

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

bit 7-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 0 SWDTEN: Software Controlled Watchdog Timer Enable bit(1)

1 = Watchdog Timer is on

0 = Watchdog Timer is off

Note 1: This bit has no effect if the Configuration bit, WDTEN, is enabled.

Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values

on page

RCON IPEN — — RI TO PD POR BOR 54

WDTCON — — — — — — —SWDTEN 54

Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.

INTRC Oscillator

WDT

Wake-up from

Reset

WDT

WDT Counter

Programmable Postscaler

1:1 to 1:32,768

Enable WDT

WDTPS<3:0>

SWDTEN

CLRWDT

Power-Managed

Reset

All Device Resets

Sleep

INTRC Control

÷128

Modes

BOR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.3 On-Chip Voltage Regulator

All of the PIC18F87J10 family devices power their core

digital logic at a nominal 2.5V. For designs that are

required to operate at a higher typical voltage, such as

3.3V, all devices in the PIC18F87J10 family incorporate

an on-chip regulator that allows the device to run its

core logic from VDD.

The regulator is controlled by the ENVREG pin. Tying

VDD to the pin enables the regulator, which in turn, pro-

vides power to the core from the other VDD pins. When

the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR filter capacitor

must be connected to the VDDCORE/VCAP pin

(Figure 24-2). This helps to maintain the stability of the

regulator. The recommended value for the filter capac-

itor is provided in Section 27.3 “DC Characteristics:

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)”.

If ENVREG is tied to VSS, the regulator is disabled. In

this case, separate power for the core logic at a nomi-

nal 2.5V must be supplied to the device on the

VDDCORE/VCAP pin to run the I/O pins at higher voltage

levels, typically 3.3V. Alternatively, the VDDCORE/VCAP

and VDD pins can be tied together to operate at a lower

nominal voltage. Refer to Figure 24-2 for possible

configurations.

24.3.1 ON-CHIP REGULATOR AND BOR

When the on-chip regulator is enabled, PIC18F87J10

family devices also have a simple brown-out capability.

If the voltage supplied to the regulator is inadequate to

maintain a regulated level, the regulator Reset circuitry

will generate a BOR Reset. This event is captured by

the BOR flag bit (RCON<0>).

The operation of the BOR is described in more detail in

Section 5.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)” and

Section 5.4.1 “Detecting BOR”. The brown-out voltage

levels are specific in Section 27.1 “DC Characteristics:

Supply Voltage, PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)”.

24.3.2 POWER-UP REQUIREMENTS

The on-chip regulator is designed to meet the power-up

requirements for the device. If the application does not

use the regulator, then strict power-up conditions must

be adhered to. While powering up, VDDCORE must

never exceed VDD by 0.3 volts.

FIGURE 24-2: CONNECTIONS FOR THE

ON-CHIP REGULATOR

VDD

ENVREG

VDDCORE/VCAP

VSS

PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15

3.3V(1)

2.5V(1)

VDD

ENVREG

VDDCORE/VCAP

VSS

PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15

3.3V

Regulator Enabled (ENVREG tied to VDD):

Regulator Disabled (ENVREG tied to ground):

VDD

ENVREG

VDDCORE/VCAP

VSS

PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15

2.5V(1)

Regulator Disabled (VDD tied to VDDCORE):

Note 1: These are typical operating voltages. Refer

to Section 27.1 “DC Characteristics:

Supply Voltage” for the full operating

ranges of VDD and VDDCORE.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.4 Two-Speed Start-up

The Two-Speed Start-up feature helps to minimize the

latency period, from oscillator start-up to code execu-

tion, by allowing the microcontroller to use the INTRC

oscillator as a clock source until the primary clock

source is available. It is enabled by setting the IESO

Configuration bit.

Two-Speed Start-up should be enabled only if the

primary oscillator mode is HS or HSPLL

(Crystal-based) modes. Since the EC and ECPLL

modes do not require an OST start-up delay,

Two-Speed Start-up should be disabled.

When enabled, Resets and wake-ups from Sleep mode

cause the device to configure itself to run from the

internal oscillator block as the clock source, following

the time-out of the Power-up Timer after a Power-on

Reset is enabled. This allows almost immediate code

execution while the primary oscillator starts and the

OST is running. Once the OST times out, the device

automatically switches to PRI_RUN mode.

In all other power-managed modes, Two-Speed

Start-up is not used. The device will be clocked by the

currently selected clock source until the primary clock

source becomes available. The setting of the IESO bit

is ignored.

24.4.1 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR

USING TWO-SPEED START-UP

While using the INTRC oscillator in Two-Speed

Start-up, the device still obeys the normal command

sequences for entering power-managed modes,

including serial SLEEP instructions (refer to

Section 4.1.4 “Multiple Sleep Commands”). In

practice, this means that user code can change the

SCS1:SCS0 bits setting or issue SLEEP instructions

before the OST times out. This would allow an applica-

tion to briefly wake-up, perform routine “housekeeping”

tasks and return to Sleep before the device starts to

operate from the primary oscillator.

User code can also check if the primary clock source is

currently providing the device clocking by checking the

status of the OSTS bit (OSCCON<3>). If the bit is set,

the primary oscillator is providing the clock. Otherwise,

the internal oscillator block is providing the clock during

wake-up from Reset or Sleep mode.

FIGURE 24-3: TIMING TRANSITION FOR TWO-SPEED START-UP (INTRC TO HSPLL)

Q1 Q3 Q4

OSC1

Peripheral

Program PC PC + 2

INTRC

PLL Clock

PC + 6

Output

Q3 Q4 Q1

CPU Clock

PC + 4

Clock

Counter

Q2 Q2 Q3

Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.

Wake from Interrupt Event

TPLL(1)

12 n-1n

Clock

OSTS Bit Set

Transition

TOST(1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.5 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor

The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the

microcontroller to continue operation in the event of an

external oscillator failure by automatically switching the

device clock to the internal oscillator block. The FSCM

function is enabled by setting the FCMEN Configuration

bit.

When FSCM is enabled, the INTRC oscillator runs at

all times to monitor clocks to peripherals and provide a

backup clock in the event of a clock failure. Clock

monitoring (shown in Figure 24-4) is accomplished by

creating a sample clock signal which is the INTRC out-

put divided by 64. This allows ample time between

FSCM sample clocks for a peripheral clock edge to

occur. The peripheral device clock and the sample

clock are presented as inputs to the Clock Monitor latch

(CM). The CM is set on the falling edge of the device

clock source but cleared on the rising edge of the

sample clock.

FIGURE 24-4: FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Clock failure is tested for on the falling edge of the

sample clock. If a sample clock falling edge occurs

while CM is still set, a clock failure has been detected

(Figure 24-5). This causes the following:

• the FSCM generates an oscillator fail interrupt by

setting bit, OSCFIF (PIR2<7>);

• the device clock source is switched to the internal

oscillator block (OSCCON is not updated to show

the current clock source – this is the fail-safe

condition); and

•the WDT is reset.

During switchover, the postscaler frequency from the

internal oscillator block may not be sufficiently stable

for timing sensitive applications. In these cases, it may

be desirable to select another clock configuration and

enter an alternate power-managed mode. This can be

done to attempt a partial recovery or execute a

controlled shutdown. See Section 4.1.4 “Multiple

Sleep Commands” and Section 24.4.1 “Special

Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up” for

more details.

The FSCM will detect failures of the primary or second-

ary clock sources only. If the internal oscillator block

fails, no failure would be detected, nor would any action

be possible.

24.5.1 FSCM AND THE WATCHDOG TIMER

Both the FSCM and the WDT are clocked by the

INTRC oscillator. Since the WDT operates with a

separate divider and counter, disabling the WDT has

no effect on the operation of the INTRC oscillator when

the FSCM is enabled.

As already noted, the clock source is switched to the

INTRC clock when a clock failure is detected; this may

mean a substantial change in the speed of code execu-

tion. If the WDT is enabled with a small prescale value,

a decrease in clock speed allows a WDT time-out to

occur and a subsequent device Reset. For this reason,

fail-safe clock events also reset the WDT and

postscaler, allowing it to start timing from when execu-

tion speed was changed and decreasing the likelihood

of an erroneous time-out.

24.5.2 EXITING FAIL-SAFE OPERATION

The fail-safe condition is terminated by either a device

Reset or by entering a power-managed mode. On

Reset, the controller starts the primary clock source

specified in Configuration Register 2H (with any

required start-up delays that are required for the oscil-

lator mode, such as OST or PLL timer). The INTRC

oscillator provides the device clock until the primary

clock source becomes ready (similar to a Two-Speed

Start-up). The clock source is then switched to the

primary clock (indicated by the OSTS bit in the

OSCCON register becoming set). The Fail-Safe Clock

Monitor then resumes monitoring the peripheral clock.

The primary clock source may never become ready

during start-up. In this case, operation is clocked by the

INTRC oscillator. The OSCCON register will remain in

its Reset state until a power-managed mode is entered.

Peripheral

INTRC ÷ 64

(32 μs) 488 Hz

(2.048 ms)

Clock Monitor

Latch (CM)

(edge-triggered)

Clock

Failure

Detected

Source

Clock

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 24-5: FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM

24.5.3 FSCM INTERRUPTS IN

POWER-MANAGED MODES

By entering a power-managed mode, the clock

multiplexor selects the clock source selected by the

OSCCON register. Fail-Safe Monitoring of the

power-managed clock source resumes in the

power-managed mode.

If an oscillator failure occurs during power-managed

operation, the subsequent events depend on whether

or not the oscillator failure interrupt is enabled. If

enabled (OSCFIF = 1), code execution will be clocked

by the INTRC multiplexor. An automatic transition back

to the failed clock source will not occur.

If the interrupt is disabled, subsequent interrupts while

in Idle mode will cause the CPU to begin executing

instructions while being clocked by the INTRC source.

24.5.4 POR OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP

The FSCM is designed to detect oscillator failure at any

point after the device has exited Power-on Reset

(POR) or low-power Sleep mode. When the primary

device clock is either EC or INTRC modes, monitoring

can begin immediately following these events.

For HS or HSPLL modes, the situation is somewhat dif-

ferent. Since the oscillator may require a start-up time

considerably longer than the FSCM sample clock time,

a false clock failure may be detected. To prevent this,

the internal oscillator block is automatically configured

as the device clock and functions until the primary clock

is stable (the OST and PLL timers have timed out). This

is identical to Two-Speed Start-up mode. Once the

primary clock is stable, the INTRC returns to its role as

the FSCM source.

As noted in Section 24.4.1 “Special Considerations

for Using Two-Speed Start-up”, it is also possible to

select another clock configuration and enter an alternate

power-managed mode while waiting for the primary

clock to become stable. When the new power-managed

mode is selected, the primary clock is disabled.

OSCFIF

CM Output

Device

Clock

Output

Sample Clock

Failure

Detected

Oscillator

Failure

Note: The device clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in

this example have been chosen for clarity.

(Q)

CM Test CM Test CM Test

Note: The same logic that prevents false oscilla-

tor failure interrupts on POR, or wake from

Sleep, will also prevent the detection of

the oscillator’s failure to start at all follow-

ing these events. This can be avoided by

monitoring the OSTS bit and using a

timing routine to determine if the oscillator

is taking too long to start. Even so, no

oscillator failure interrupt will be flagged.

DEBUG

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

24.6 Program Verification and

Code Protection

For all devices in the PIC18F87J10 family of devices,

the on-chip program memory space is treated as a

single block. Code protection for this block is controlled

by one Configuration bit, CP0. This bit inhibits external

reads and writes to the program memory space. It has

no direct effect in normal execution mode.

24.6.1 CONFIGURATION REGISTER

PROTECTION

The Configuration registers are protected against

untoward changes or reads in two ways. The primary

protection is the write-once feature of the Configuration

bits which prevents reconfiguration once the bit has

been programmed during a power cycle. To safeguard

against unpredictable events, Configuration bit

changes resulting from individual cell-level disruptions

(such as ESD events) will cause a parity error and

trigger a device Reset.

The data for the Configuration registers is derived from

the Flash Configuration Words in program memory.

When the CP0 bit set, the source data for device

configuration is also protected as a consequence.

24.7 In-Circuit Serial Programming

PIC18F87J10 family microcontrollers can be serially

programmed while in the end application circuit. This is

simply done with two lines for clock and data and three

other lines for power, ground and the programming

voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards

with unprogrammed devices and then program the

microcontroller just before shipping the product. This

also allows the most recent firmware or a custom

firmware to be programmed.

24.8 In-Circuit Debugger

When the DEBUG Configuration bit is programmed to

a ‘0’, the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled.

This function allows simple debugging functions when

used with MPLAB® IDE. When the microcontroller has

this feature enabled, some resources are not available

for general use. Table 24-4 shows which resources are

required by the background debugger.

TABLE 24-4: DEBUGGER RESOURCES

I/O pins: RB6, RB7

Stack: 2 levels

Program Memory: 512 bytes

Data Memory: 10 bytes

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

The PIC18F87J10 family of devices incorporate the

standard set of 75 PIC18 core instructions, as well as

an extended set of 8 new instructions for the optimiza-

tion of code that is recursive or that utilizes a software

stack. The extended set is discussed later in this

section.

25.1 Standard Instruction Set

The standard PIC18 instruction set adds many

enhancements to the previous PIC® MCU instruction

sets, while maintaining an easy migration from these

PIC MCU instruction sets. Most instructions are a

single program memory word (16 bits), but there are

four instructions that require two program memory

locations.

Each single-word instruction is a 16-bit word divided

into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type and

one or more operands, which further specify the

operation of the instruction.

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped

into four basic categories:

•Byte-oriented operations

•Bit-oriented operations

•Literal operations

•Control operations

The PIC18 instruction set summary in Table 25-2 lists

byte-oriented, bit-oriented, literal and control

operations. Table 25-1 shows the opcode field

descriptions.

Most byte-oriented instructions have three operands:

1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)

2. The destination of the result (specified by ‘d’)

3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)

The file register designator, ‘f’, specifies which file reg-

ister is to be used by the instruction. The destination

designator, ‘d’, specifies where the result of the

operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is

placed in the WREG register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is

placed in the file register specified in the instruction.

All bit-oriented instructions have three operands:

1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)

2. The bit in the file register (specified by ‘b’)

3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)

The bit field designator, ‘b’, selects the number of the bit

affected by the operation, while the file register

designator, ‘f’, represents the number of the file in

which the bit is located.

The literal instructions may use some of the following

operands:

• A literal value to be loaded into a file register

(specified by ‘k’)

• The desired FSR register to load the literal value

into (specified by ‘f’)

• No operand required

(specified by ‘—’)

The control instructions may use some of the following

operands:

• A program memory address (specified by ‘n’)

• The mode of the CALL or RETURN instructions

(specified by ‘s’)

• The mode of the table read and table write

instructions (specified by ‘m’)

• No operand required

(specified by ‘—’)

All instructions are a single word, except for four

double-word instructions. These instructions were

made double-word to contain the required information

in 32 bits. In the second word, the 4 MSbs are ‘1’s. If

this second word is executed as an instruction (by

itself), it will execute as a NOP.

All single-word instructions are executed in a single

instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the

program counter is changed as a result of the instruc-

tion. In these cases, the execution takes two instruction

cycles with the additional instruction cycle(s) executed

as a NOP.

The double-word instructions execute in two instruction

cycles.

One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods.

Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal

instruction execution time is 1 μs. If a conditional test is

true, or the program counter is changed as a result of

an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 μs.

Two-word branch instructions (if true) would take 3 μs.

Figure 25-1 shows the general formats that the instruc-

tions can have. All examples use the convention ‘nnh’

to represent a hexadecimal number.

The Instruction Set Summary, shown in Table 25-2,

lists the standard instructions recognized by the

Microchip MPASMTM Assembler.

Section 25.1.1 “Standard Instruction Set” provides

a description of each instruction.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 25-1: OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

Field Description

aRAM access bit:

a = 0: RAM location in Access RAM (BSR register is ignored)

a = 1: RAM bank is specified by BSR register

bbb Bit address within an 8-bit file register (0 to 7).

BSR Bank Select Register. Used to select the current RAM bank.

C, DC, Z, OV, N ALU Status bits: Carry, Digit Carry, Zero, Overflow, Negative.

dDestination select bit:

d = 0: store result in WREG

d = 1: store result in file register f

dest Destination: either the WREG register or the specified register file location.

f8-bit Register file address (00h to FFh) or 2-bit FSR designator (0h to 3h).

fs12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the source address.

fd12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the destination address.

GIE Global Interrupt Enable bit.

kLiteral field, constant data or label (may be either an 8-bit, 12-bit or a 20-bit value).

label Label name.

mm The mode of the TBLPTR register for the table read and table write instructions.

Only used with table read and table write instructions:

*No Change to register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)

*+ Post-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)

*- Post-Decrement register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)

+* Pre-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)

nThe relative address (2’s complement number) for relative branch instructions or the direct address for

Call/Branch and Return instructions.

PC Program Counter.

PCL Program Counter Low Byte.

PCH Program Counter High Byte.

PCLATH Program Counter High Byte Latch.

PCLATU Program Counter Upper Byte Latch.

PD Power-Down bit.

PRODH Product of Multiply High Byte.

PRODL Product of Multiply Low Byte.

sFast Call/Return mode select bit:

s = 0: do not update into/from shadow registers

s = 1: certain registers loaded into/from shadow registers (Fast mode)

TBLPTR 21-bit Table Pointer (points to a Program Memory location).

TABLAT 8-bit Table Latch.

TO Time-out bit.

TOS Top-of-Stack.

uUnused or Unchanged.

WDT Watchdog Timer.

WREG Working register (accumulator).

xDon’t care (‘0’ or ‘1’). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for

compatibility with all Microchip software tools.

zs7-bit offset value for Indirect Addressing of register files (source).

zd7-bit offset value for Indirect Addressing of register files (destination).

{ } Optional argument.

[text] Indicates an Indexed Address.

(text) The contents of text.

[expr]<n> Specifies bit n of the register indicated by the pointer expr.

→Assigned to.

< > Register bit field.

∈In the set of.

italics User-defined term (font is Courier).

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 25-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS

Byte-oriented file register operations

15 10 9 8 7 0

d = 0 for result destination to be WREG register

OPCODE d a f (FILE #)

d = 1 for result destination to be file register (f)

a = 0 to force Access Bank

Bit-oriented file register operations

15 12 11 9 8 7 0

OPCODE b (BIT #) a f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit position of bit in file register (f)

Literal operations

15 8 7 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

Byte to Byte move operations (2-word)

15 12 11 0

OPCODE f (Source FILE #)

CALL, GOTO and Branch operations

15 8 7 0

OPCODE n<7:0> (literal)

n = 20-bit immediate value

a = 1 for BSR to select bank

f = 8-bit file register address

a = 0 to force Access Bank

a = 1 for BSR to select bank

f = 8-bit file register address

15 12 11 0

1111 n<19:8> (literal)

15 12 11 0

1111 f (Destination FILE #)

f = 12-bit file register address

Control operations

Example Instruction

ADDWF MYREG, W, B

MOVFF MYREG1, MYREG2

BSF MYREG, bit, B

MOVLW 7Fh

GOTO Label

15 8 7 0

OPCODE n<7:0> (literal)

15 12 11 0

1111 n<19:8> (literal)

CALL MYFUNC

15 11 10 0

OPCODE n<10:0> (literal)

S = Fast bit

BRA MYFUNC

15 8 7 0

OPCODE n<7:0> (literal) BC MYFUNC

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles

16-bit Instruction Word Status

Affected Notes

MSb LSb

BYTE-ORIENTED OPERATIONS

ADDWF

ADDWFC

ANDWF

CLRF

COMF

CPFSEQ

CPFSGT

CPFSLT

DECF

DECFSZ

DCFSNZ

INCF

INCFSZ

INFSNZ

IORWF

MOVF

MOVFF

MOVWF

MULWF

NEGF

RLCF

RLNCF

RRCF

RRNCF

SETF

SUBFWB

SUBWF

SUBWFB

SWAPF

TSTFSZ

XORWF

f, d, a

f, a

f, d, a

f, a

f, d, a

fs, fd

f, a

f, d, a

f, a

f, d, a

f, a

f, d, a

Add WREG and f

Add WREG and Carry bit to f

AND WREG with f

Clear f

Complement f

Compare f with WREG, Skip =

Compare f with WREG, Skip >

Compare f with WREG, Skip <

Decrement f

Decrement f, Skip if 0

Decrement f, Skip if Not 0

Increment f

Increment f, Skip if 0

Increment f, Skip if Not 0

Inclusive OR WREG with f

Move f

Move fs (source) to 1st word

fd (destination) 2nd word

Move WREG to f

Multiply WREG with f

Negate f

Rotate Left f through Carry

Rotate Left f (No Carry)

Rotate Right f through Carry

Rotate Right f (No Carry)

Set f

Subtract f from WREG with

Borrow

Subtract WREG from f

Subtract WREG from f with

Borrow

Swap Nibbles in f

Test f, Skip if 0

Exclusive OR WREG with f

1 (2 or 3)

0010

0001

0110

0001

0110

0000

0010

0100

0010

0011

0100

0001

0101

1100

1111

0110

0000

0110

0011

0100

0011

0100

0110

0101

0011

0110

0001

01da

00da

01da

101a

11da

001a

010a

000a

01da

11da

10da

11da

10da

00da

ffff

111a

001a

110a

01da

00da

100a

01da

11da

10da

011a

10da

ffff

C, DC, Z, OV, N

Z, N

None

C, DC, Z, OV, N

None

C, DC, Z, OV, N

None

Z, N

None

C, DC, Z, OV, N

C, Z, N

Z, N

C, Z, N

Z, N

None

C, DC, Z, OV, N

None

Z, N

1, 2

1,2

1, 2

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2

Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be

that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input

and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.

2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be

cleared if assigned.

3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The

second cycle is executed as a NOP.

4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP

unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that

all program memory locations have a valid instruction.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BIT-ORIENTED OPERATIONS

BCF

BSF

BTFSC

BTFSS

BTG

f, b, a

Bit Clear f

Bit Set f

Bit Test f, Skip if Clear

Bit Test f, Skip if Set

Bit Toggle f

1 (2 or 3)

1001

1000

1011

1010

0111

bbba

ffff

None

1, 2

3, 4

1, 2

CONTROL OPERATIONS

BNC

BNN

BNOV

BNZ

BOV

BRA

CALL

CLRWDT

DAW

GOTO

NOP

POP

PUSH

RCALL

RESET

RETFIE

RETLW

RETURN

SLEEP

n, s

—

Branch if Carry

Branch if Negative

Branch if Not Carry

Branch if Not Negative

Branch if Not Overflow

Branch if Not Zero

Branch if Overflow

Branch Unconditionally

Branch if Zero

Call Subroutine 1st word

2nd word

Clear Watchdog Timer

Decimal Adjust WREG

Go to Address 1st word

2nd word

No Operation

Pop Top of Return Stack (TOS)

Push Top of Return Stack (TOS)

Relative Call

Software Device Reset

Return from Interrupt Enable

Return with Literal in WREG

Return from Subroutine

Go into Standby mode

1 (2)

1110

1101

1110

1111

0000

1110

1111

0000

1111

0000

1101

0000

0010

0110

0011

0111

0101

0001

0100

0nnn

0000

110s

kkkk

0000

1111

kkkk

0000

xxxx

0000

1nnn

0000

1100

0000

nnnn

kkkk

0000

kkkk

0000

xxxx

0000

nnnn

1111

0001

kkkk

0001

0000

nnnn

kkkk

0100

0111

kkkk

0000

xxxx

0110

0101

nnnn

1111

000s

kkkk

001s

0011

None

TO, PD

None

All

GIE/GIEH,

PEIE/GIEL

None

TO, PD

TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles

16-bit Instruction Word Status

Affected Notes

MSb LSb

Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be

that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input

and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.

2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be

cleared if assigned.

3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The

second cycle is executed as a NOP.

4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP

unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that

all program memory locations have a valid instruction.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

LITERAL OPERATIONS

ADDLW

ANDLW

IORLW

LFSR

MOVLB

MOVLW

MULLW

RETLW

SUBLW

XORLW

f, k

Add Literal and WREG

AND Literal with WREG

Inclusive OR Literal with WREG

Move Literal (12-bit) 2nd word

to FSR(f) 1st word

Move Literal to BSR<3:0>

Move Literal to WREG

Multiply Literal with WREG

Return with Literal in WREG

Subtract WREG from Literal

Exclusive OR Literal with WREG

0000

1110

1111

0000

1111

1011

1001

1110

0000

0001

1110

1101

1100

1000

1010

kkkk

00ff

kkkk

0000

kkkk

C, DC, Z, OV, N

Z, N

None

C, DC, Z, OV, N

Z, N

DATA MEMORY ↔ PROGRAM MEMORY OPERATIONS

TBLRD*

TBLRD*+

TBLRD*-

TBLRD+*

TBLWT*

TBLWT*+

TBLWT*-

TBLWT+*

Table Read

Table Read with Post-Increment

Table Read with Post-Decrement

Table Read with Pre-Increment

Table Write

Table Write with Post-Increment

Table Write with Post-Decrement

Table Write with Pre-Increment

0000

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

None

TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles

16-bit Instruction Word Status

Affected Notes

MSb LSb

Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be

that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input

and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.

2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be

cleared if assigned.

3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The

second cycle is executed as a NOP.

4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP

unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that

all program memory locations have a valid instruction.

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.1.1 STANDARD INSTRUCTION SET

ADDLW ADD Literal to W

Syntax: ADDLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) + k → W

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of W are added to the

8-bit literal ‘k’ and the result is placed in

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example: ADDLW 15h

Before Instruction

W = 10h

After Instruction

W = 25h

ADDWF ADD W to f

Syntax: ADDWF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) + (f) → dest

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0010 01da ffff ffff

Description: Add W to register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the

result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the

result is stored back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: ADDWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

W = 17h

REG = 0C2h

After Instruction

W = 0D9h

REG = 0C2h

Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in

symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

ADDWFC ADD W and Carry bit to f

Syntax: ADDWFC f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) + (f) + (C) → dest

Status Affected: N,OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0010 00da ffff ffff

Description: Add W, the Carry flag and data memory

location, ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed in data memory location ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: ADDWFC REG, 0, 1

Before Instruction

Carry bit = 1

REG = 02h

W=4Dh

After Instruction

Carry bit = 0

REG = 02h

W = 50h

ANDLW AND Literal with W

Syntax: ANDLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) .AND. k → W

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0000 1011 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of W are ANDed with the

8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example: ANDLW 05Fh

Before Instruction

W=A3h

After Instruction

W = 03h

m Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

ANDWF AND W with f

Syntax: ANDWF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) .AND. (f) → dest

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0001 01da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of W are ANDed with

in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back

in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: ANDWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

W = 17h

REG = C2h

After Instruction

W = 02h

REG = C2h

BC Branch if Carry

Syntax: BC n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Carry bit is ‘1’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0010 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Carry bit is ’1’, then the program

will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BC 5

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Carry = 1;

PC = address (HERE + 12)

If Carry = 0;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BCF Bit Clear f

Syntax: BCF f, b {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: 0 → f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1001 bbba ffff ffff

Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: BCF FLAG_REG, 7, 0

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = C7h

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 47h

BN Branch if Negative

Syntax: BN n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Negative bit is ‘1’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0110 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Negative bit is ‘1’, then the

program will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BN Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Negative = 1;

PC = address (Jump)

If Negative = 0;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BNC Branch if Not Carry

Syntax: BNC n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Carry bit is ‘0’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0011 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Carry bit is ‘0’, then the program

will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BNC Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Carry = 0;

PC = address (Jump)

If Carry = 1;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNN Branch if Not Negative

Syntax: BNN n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Negative bit is ‘0’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0111 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Negative bit is ‘0’, then the

program will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BNN Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Negative = 0;

PC = address (Jump)

If Negative = 1;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BNOV Branch if Not Overflow

Syntax: BNOV n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Overflow bit is ‘0’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0101 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Overflow bit is ‘0’, then the

program will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BNOV Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Overflow = 0;

PC = address (Jump)

If Overflow = 1;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNZ Branch if Not Zero

Syntax: BNZ n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Zero bit is ‘0’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0001 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Zero bit is ‘0’, then the program

will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BNZ Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Zero = 0;

PC = address (Jump)

If Zero = 1;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BRA Unconditional Branch

Syntax: BRA n

Operands: -1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023

Operation: (PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1101 0nnn nnnn nnnn

Description: Add the 2’s complement number ‘2n’ to

the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

Example: HERE BRA Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = address (Jump)

BSF Bit Set f

Syntax: BSF f, b {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: 1 → f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1000 bbba ffff ffff

Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: BSF FLAG_REG, 7, 1

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0Ah

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 8Ah

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BTFSC Bit Test File, Skip if Clear

Syntax: BTFSC f, b {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: skip if (f) = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1011 bbba ffff ffff

Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, then the next

instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘0’, then

the next instruction fetched during the

current instruction execution is discarded

and a NOP is executed instead, making

this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If

‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set

is enabled, this instruction operates in

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE

FALSE

TRUE

BTFSC

FLAG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If FLAG<1> = 0;

PC = address (TRUE)

If FLAG<1> = 1;

PC = address (FALSE)

BTFSS Bit Test File, Skip if Set

Syntax: BTFSS f, b {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

0 ≤ b < 7

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: skip if (f) = 1

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1010 bbba ffff ffff

Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, then the next

instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then

the next instruction fetched during the

current instruction execution is discarded

and a NOP is executed instead, making

this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If

‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates in

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE

FALSE

TRUE

BTFSS

FLAG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If FLAG<1> = 0;

PC = address (FALSE)

If FLAG<1> = 1;

PC = address (TRUE)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BTG Bit Toggle f

Syntax: BTG f, b {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

0 ≤ b < 7

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) → f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0111 bbba ffff ffff

Description: Bit ‘b’ in data memory location ‘f’ is

inverted.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: BTG PORTC, 4, 0

Before Instruction:

PORTC = 0111 0101 [75h]

After Instruction:

PORTC = 0110 0101 [65h]

BOV Branch if Overflow

Syntax: BOV n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Overflow bit is ‘1’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0100 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Overflow bit is ‘1’, then the

program will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to PC

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BOV Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Overflow = 1;

PC = address (Jump)

If Overflow = 0;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BZ Branch if Zero

Syntax: BZ n

Operands: -128 ≤ n ≤ 127

Operation: if Zero bit is ‘1’,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 0000 nnnn nnnn

Description: If the Zero bit is ‘1’, then the program

will branch.

The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is

added to the PC. Since the PC will have

incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

Write to

operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

Process

Data

operation

Example: HERE BZ Jump

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If Zero = 1;

PC = address (Jump)

If Zero = 0;

PC = address (HERE + 2)

CALL Subroutine Call

Syntax: CALL k {,s}

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575

s ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (PC) + 4 → TOS,

k → PC<20:1>;

if s = 1,

(W) → WS,

(STATUS) → STATUSS,

(BSR) → BSRS

Status Affected: None

Encoding:

1st word (k<7:0>)

2nd word(k<19:8>)

1110

1111

110s

k19kkk

k7kkk

kkkk

kkkk0

kkkk8

Description: Subroutine call of entire 2-Mbyte

memory range. First, return address

(PC+ 4) is pushed onto the return stack.

If ‘s’ = 1, the W, STATUS and BSR

registers are also pushed into their

respective shadow registers, WS,

STATUSS and BSRS. If ‘s’ = 0, no

update occurs. Then, the 20-bit value ‘k’

is loaded into PC<20:1>. CALL is a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘k’<7:0>,

Push PC to

stack

Read literal

’k’<19:8>,

Write to PC

operation

Example: HERE CALL THERE,1

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = address (THERE)

TOS = address (HERE + 4)

WS = W

BSRS = BSR

STATUSS = STATUS

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

CLRF Clear f

Syntax: CLRF f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: 000h → f,

1 → Z

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0110 101a ffff ffff

Description: Clears the contents of the specified

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: CLRF FLAG_REG,1

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 5Ah

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 00h

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax: CLRWDT

Operands: None

Operation: 000h → WDT,

000h → WDT postscaler,

1 → TO,

1 → PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0100

Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the

Watchdog Timer. It also resets the

postscaler of the WDT. Status bits, TO

and PD, are set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

Process

Data

operation

Example: CLRWDT

Before Instruction

WDT Counter = ?

After Instruction

WDT Counter = 00h

WDT Postscaler = 0

TO =1

PD =1

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

COMF Complement f

Syntax: COMF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: f → dest

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0001 11da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

stored back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: COMF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 13h

After Instruction

REG = 13h

W=ECh

CPFSEQ Compare f with W, Skip if f = W

Syntax: CPFSEQ f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W),

skip if (f) = (W)

(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 001a ffff ffff

Description: Compares the contents of data memory

location ‘f’ to the contents of W by

performing an unsigned subtraction.

If ‘f’ = W, then the fetched instruction is

discarded and a NOP is executed

instead, making this a two-cycle

instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE CPFSEQ REG, 0

NEQUAL :

EQUAL :

Before Instruction

PC Address = HERE

W=?

REG = ?

After Instruction

If REG = W;

PC = Address (EQUAL)

If REG ≠ W;

PC = Address (NEQUAL)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

CPFSGT Compare f with W, Skip if f > W

Syntax: CPFSGT f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W),

skip if (f) > (W)

(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 010a ffff ffff

Description: Compares the contents of data memory

location ‘f’ to the contents of the W by

performing an unsigned subtraction.

If the contents of ‘f’ are greater than the

contents of WREG, then the fetched

instruction is discarded and a NOP is

executed instead, making this a

two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE CPFSGT REG, 0

NGREATER :

GREATER :

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

W= ?

After Instruction

If REG > W;

PC = Address (GREATER)

If REG ≤ W;

PC = Address (NGREATER)

CPFSLT Compare f with W, Skip if f < W

Syntax: CPFSLT f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W),

skip if (f) < (W)

(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 000a ffff ffff

Description: Compares the contents of data memory

location ‘f’ to the contents of W by

performing an unsigned subtraction.

If the contents of ‘f’ are less than the

contents of W, then the fetched

instruction is discarded and a NOP is

executed instead, making this a

two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE CPFSLT REG, 1

NLESS :

LESS :

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

W= ?

After Instruction

If REG < W;

PC = Address (LESS)

If REG ≥ W;

PC = Address (NLESS)

Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e. Examg‘e 2,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

DAW Decimal Adjust W Register

Syntax: DAW

Operands: None

Operation: If [W<3:0> > 9] or [DC = 1] then,

(W<3:0>) + 6 → W<3:0>;

else,

(W<3:0>) → W<3:0>;

If [W<7:4> > 9] or [C = 1] then,

(W<7:4>) + 6 → W<7:4>;

C = 1,

else,

(W<7:4>) → W<7:4>

Status Affected: C

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0111

Description: DAW adjusts the eight-bit value in W,

resulting from the earlier addition of two

variables (each in packed BCD format)

and produces a correct packed BCD

result.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example 1: DAW

Before Instruction

W=A5h

C=0

DC = 0

After Instruction

W = 05h

C=1

DC = 0

Example 2:

Before Instruction

W=CEh

C=0

DC = 0

After Instruction

W = 34h

C=1

DC = 0

DECF Decrement f

Syntax: DECF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – 1 → dest

Status Affected: C, DC, N, OV, Z

Encoding: 0000 01da ffff ffff

Description: Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the

result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the

result is stored back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: DECF CNT, 1, 0

Before Instruction

CNT = 01h

Z=0

After Instruction

CNT = 00h

Z=1

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0

Syntax: DECFSZ f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – 1 → dest,

skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0010 11da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction

which is already fetched is discarded

and a NOP is executed instead, making

it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE DECFSZ CNT, 1, 1

GOTO LOOP

CONTINUE

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

After Instruction

CNT = CNT – 1

If CNT = 0;

PC = Address (CONTINUE)

If CNT ≠0;

PC = Address (HERE + 2)

DCFSNZ Decrement f, Skip if not 0

Syntax: DCFSNZ f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – 1 → dest,

skip if result ≠ 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0100 11da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If the result is not ‘0’, the next

instruction which is already fetched is

discarded and a NOP is executed

instead, making it a two-cycle

instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE DCFSNZ TEMP, 1, 0

ZERO :

NZERO :

Before Instruction

TEMP = ?

After Instruction

TEMP = TEMP – 1,

If TEMP = 0;

PC = Address (ZERO)

If TEMP ≠0;

PC = Address (NZERO)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

GOTO Unconditional Branch

Syntax: GOTO k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575

Operation: k → PC<20:1>

Status Affected: None

Encoding:

1st word (k<7:0>)

2nd word(k<19:8>)

1110

1111

k19kkk

k7kkk

kkkk

kkkk0

kkkk8

Description: GOTO allows an unconditional branch

anywhere within entire 2-Mbyte memory

range. The 20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into

PC<20:1>. GOTO is always a two-cycle

instruction.

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘k’<7:0>,

operation

Read literal

‘k’<19:8>,

Write to PC

operation

Example: GOTO THERE

After Instruction

PC = Address (THERE)

INCF Increment f

Syntax: INCF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → dest

Status Affected: C, DC, N, OV, Z

Encoding: 0010 10da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: INCF CNT, 1, 0

Before Instruction

CNT = FFh

Z=0

C=?

DC = ?

After Instruction

CNT = 00h

Z=1

C=1

DC = 1

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0

Syntax: INCFSZ f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → dest,

skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0011 11da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction

which is already fetched is discarded

and a NOP is executed instead, making

it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE INCFSZ CNT, 1, 0

NZERO :

ZERO :

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

After Instruction

CNT = CNT + 1

If CNT = 0;

PC = Address (ZERO)

If CNT ≠0;

PC = Address (NZERO)

INFSNZ Increment f, Skip if not 0

Syntax: INFSNZ f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → dest,

skip if result ≠ 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0100 10da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are

incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If the result is not ‘0’, the next

instruction which is already fetched is

discarded and a NOP is executed

instead, making it a two-cycle

instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE INFSNZ REG, 1, 0

ZERO

NZERO

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

After Instruction

REG = REG + 1

If REG ≠0;

PC = Address (NZERO)

If REG = 0;

PC = Address (ZERO)

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax: IORLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) .OR. k → W

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0000 1001 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of W are ORed with the

eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed

in W.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example: IORLW 35h

Before Instruction

W=9Ah

After Instruction

W=BFh

IORWF Inclusive OR W with f

Syntax: IORWF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) .OR. (f) → dest

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0001 00da ffff ffff

Description: Inclusive OR W with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is

‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’,

the result is placed back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: IORWF RESULT, 0, 1

Before Instruction

RESULT = 13h

W = 91h

After Instruction

RESULT = 13h

W = 93h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

LFSR Load FSR

Syntax: LFSR f, k

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 2

0 ≤ k ≤ 4095

Operation: k → FSRf

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110

1111

1110

0000

00ff

k7kkk

k11kkk

kkkk

Description: The 12-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the

file select register pointed to by ‘f’.

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘k’ MSB

Process

Data

Write

literal ‘k’

MSB to

FSRfH

Decode Read literal

‘k’ LSB

Process

Data

Write literal

‘k’ to FSRfL

Example: LFSR 2, 3ABh

After Instruction

FSR2H = 03h

FSR2L = ABh

MOVF Move f

Syntax: MOVF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: f → dest

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0101 00da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are moved to

a destination dependent upon the

status of ‘d’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is

placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’. Location ‘f’

can be anywhere in the

256-byte bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: MOVF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 22h

W=FFh

After Instruction

REG = 22h

W = 22h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

MOVFF Move f to f

Syntax: MOVFF fs,fd

Operands: 0 ≤ fs ≤ 4095

0 ≤ fd ≤ 4095

Operation: (fs) → fd

Status Affected: None

Encoding:

1st word (source)

2nd word (destin.)

1100

1111

ffff

ffffs

ffffd

Description: The contents of source register ‘fs’ are

moved to destination register ‘fd’.

Location of source ‘fs’ can be anywhere

in the 4096-byte data space (000h to

FFFh) and location of destination ‘fd’

can also be anywhere from 000h to

FFFh.

Either source or destination can be W

(a useful special situation).

MOVFF is particularly useful for

transferring a data memory location to a

peripheral register (such as the transmit

buffer or an I/O port).

The MOVFF instruction cannot use the

PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the

destination register

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

(src)

Process

Data

operation

Decode No

operation

No dummy

read

operation

Write

(dest)

Example: MOVFF REG1, REG2

Before Instruction

REG1 = 33h

REG2 = 11h

After Instruction

REG1 = 33h

REG2 = 33h

MOVLB Move Literal to Low Nibble in BSR

Syntax: MOVLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → BSR

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0001 kkkk kkkk

Description: The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the

Bank Select Register (BSR). The value

of BSR<7:4> always remains ‘0’

regardless of the value of k7:k4.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write literal

‘k’ to BSR

Example: MOVLB 5

Before Instruction

BSR Register = 02h

After Instruction

BSR Register = 05h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

MOVLW Move Literal to W

Syntax: MOVLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → W

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 1110 kkkk kkkk

Description: The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into W.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example: MOVLW 5Ah

After Instruction

W=5Ah

MOVWF Move W to f

Syntax: MOVWF f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) → f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 111a ffff ffff

Description: Move data from W to register ‘f’.

Location ‘f’ can be anywhere in the

256-byte bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: MOVWF REG, 0

Before Instruction

W=4Fh

REG = FFh

After Instruction

W=4Fh

REG = 4Fh

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

MULLW Multiply Literal with W

Syntax: MULLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) x k → PRODH:PRODL

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 1101 kkkk kkkk

Description: An unsigned multiplication is carried

out between the contents of W and the

8-bit literal ‘k’. The 16-bit result is

placed in PRODH:PRODL register pair.

PRODH contains the high byte.

W is unchanged.

None of the Status flags are affected.

Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is

possible in this operation. A Zero result

is possible but not detected.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write

registers

PRODH:

PRODL

Example: MULLW 0C4h

Before Instruction

W=E2h

PRODH = ?

PRODL = ?

After Instruction

W=E2h

PRODH = ADh

PRODL = 08h

MULWF Multiply W with f

Syntax: MULWF f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) x (f) → PRODH:PRODL

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 001a ffff ffff

Description: An unsigned multiplication is carried out

between the contents of W and the

stored in the PRODH:PRODL register

pair. PRODH contains the high byte. Both

W and ‘f’ are unchanged.

None of the Status flags are affected.

Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is

possible in this operation. A Zero result is

possible but not detected.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If

‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set

is enabled, this instruction operates in

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

registers

PRODH:

PRODL

Example: MULWF REG, 1

Before Instruction

W=C4h

REG = B5h

PRODH = ?

PRODL = ?

After Instruction

W=C4h

REG = B5h

PRODH = 8Ah

PRODL = 94h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NEGF Negate f

Syntax: NEGF f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → f

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0110 110a ffff ffff

Description: Location ‘f’ is negated using two’s

complement. The result is placed in the

data memory location ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: NEGF REG, 1

Before Instruction

REG = 0011 1010 [3Ah]

After Instruction

REG = 1100 0110 [C6h]

NOP No Operation

Syntax: NOP

Operands: None

Operation: No operation

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000

1111

0000

xxxx

0000

xxxx

0000

xxxx

Description: No operation.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

Example:

None.

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

POP Pop Top of Return Stack

Syntax: POP

Operands: None

Operation: (TOS) → bit bucket

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0110

Description: The TOS value is pulled off the return

stack and is discarded. The TOS value

then becomes the previous value that

was pushed onto the return stack.

This instruction is provided to enable

the user to properly manage the return

stack to incorporate a software stack.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

POP TOS

value

operation

Example: POP

GOTO NEW

Before Instruction

TOS = 0031A2h

Stack (1 level down) = 014332h

After Instruction

TOS = 014332h

PC = NEW

PUSH Push Top of Return Stack

Syntax: PUSH

Operands: None

Operation: (PC + 2) → TOS

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0101

Description: The PC + 2 is pushed onto the top of

the return stack. The previous TOS

value is pushed down on the stack.

This instruction allows implementing a

software stack by modifying TOS and

then pushing it onto the return stack.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode PUSH

PC + 2 onto

return stack

operation

Example: PUSH

Before Instruction

TOS = 345Ah

PC = 0124h

After Instruction

PC = 0126h

TOS = 0126h

Stack (1 level down) = 345Ah

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RCALL Relative Call

Syntax: RCALL n

Operands: -1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023

Operation: (PC) + 2 → TOS,

(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1101 1nnn nnnn nnnn

Description: Subroutine call with a jump up to 1K

from the current location. First, return

address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the

stack. Then, add the 2’s complement

number ‘2n’ to the PC. Since the PC will

have incremented to fetch the next

instruction, the new address will be

PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a

two-cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read literal

‘n’

PUSH PC

to stack

Process

Data

Write to PC

operation

Example: HERE RCALL Jump

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = Address (Jump)

TOS = Address (HERE + 2)

RESET Reset

Syntax: RESET

Operands: None

Operation: Reset all registers and flags that are

affected by a MCLR Reset.

Status Affected: All

Encoding: 0000 0000 1111 1111

Description: This instruction provides a way to

execute a MCLR Reset in software.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Start

reset

operation

Example: RESET

After Instruction

Registers = Reset Value

Flags* = Reset Value

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RETFIE Return from Interrupt

Syntax: RETFIE {s}

Operands: s ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (TOS) → PC,

1 → GIE/GIEH or PEIE/GIEL;

if s = 1,

(WS) → W,

(STATUSS) → STATUS,

(BSRS) → BSR,

PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged

Status Affected: GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL.

Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 000s

Description: Return from interrupt. Stack is popped

and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded into

the PC. Interrupts are enabled by

setting either the high or low-priority

global interrupt enable bit. If ‘s’ = 1, the

contents of the shadow registers WS,

STATUSS and BSRS are loaded into

their corresponding registers W,

STATUS and BSR. If ‘s’ = 0, no update

of these registers occurs.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

POP PC

from stack

Set GIEH or

GIEL

operation

Example: RETFIE 1

After Interrupt

PC = TOS

W=WS

BSR = BSRS

STATUS = STATUSS

GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL = 1

RETLW Return Literal to W

Syntax: RETLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → W,

(TOS) → PC,

PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 1100 kkkk kkkk

Description: W is loaded with the eight-bit literal ‘k’.

The program counter is loaded from the

top of the stack (the return address).

The high address latch (PCLATH)

remains unchanged.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

POP PC

from stack,

write to W

operation

Example:

CALL TABLE ; W contains table

; offset value

; W now has

; table value

TABLE

ADDWF PCL ; W = offset

RETLW k0 ; Begin table

RETLW k1 ;

RETLW kn ; End of table

Before Instruction

W = 07h

After Instruction

W = value of kn

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RETURN Return from Subroutine

Syntax: RETURN {s}

Operands: s ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (TOS) → PC;

if s = 1,

(WS) → W,

(STATUSS) → STATUS,

(BSRS) → BSR,

PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 001s

Description: Return from subroutine. The stack is

popped and the top of the stack (TOS)

is loaded into the program counter. If

‘s’= 1, the contents of the shadow

registers WS, STATUSS and BSRS are

loaded into their corresponding

registers W, STATUS and BSR. If

‘s’ = 0, no update of these registers

occurs.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

Process

Data

POP PC

from stack

operation

Example: RETURN

After Instruction:

PC = TOS

RLCF Rotate Left f through Carry

Syntax: RLCF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<n>) → dest<n + 1>,

(f<7>) → C,

Status Affected: C, N, Z

Encoding: 0011 01da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated

one bit to the left through the Carry flag.

If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’

is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register

‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: RLCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1110 0110

C=0

After Instruction

REG = 1110 0110

W=1100 1100

C=1

Cregister f

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RLNCF Rotate Left f (No Carry)

Syntax: RLNCF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<n>) → dest<n + 1>,

(f<7>) → dest<0>

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0100 01da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated

one bit to the left. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result

is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

stored back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: RLNCF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1010 1011

After Instruction

REG = 0101 0111

RRCF Rotate Right f through Carry

Syntax: RRCF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<n>) → dest<n – 1>,

(f<0>) → C,

Status Affected: C, N, Z

Encoding: 0011 00da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated

one bit to the right through the Carry

flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W.

If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: RRCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1110 0110

C=0

After Instruction

REG = 1110 0110

W=0111 0011

C=0

Cregister f

Q Examg‘e. CECE Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 2,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RRNCF Rotate Right f (No Carry)

Syntax: RRNCF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<n>) → dest<n – 1>,

(f<0>) → dest<7>

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0100 00da ffff ffff

Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated

one bit to the right. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result

is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank will be

selected, overriding the BSR value. If ‘a’

is ‘1’, then the bank will be selected as

per the BSR value.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example 1: RRNCF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1101 0111

After Instruction

REG = 1110 1011

Example 2: RRNCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

W=?

REG = 1101 0111

After Instruction

W=1110 1011

REG = 1101 0111

SETF Set f

Syntax: SETF f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: FFh → f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 100a ffff ffff

Description: The contents of the specified register

are set to FFh.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write

Example: SETF REG,1

Before Instruction

REG = 5Ah

After Instruction

REG = FFh

Examg‘e. Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 2, Examg‘e 3,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SLEEP Enter Sleep Mode

Syntax: SLEEP

Operands: None

Operation: 00h → WDT,

0 → WDT postscaler,

1 → TO,

0 → PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0011

Description: The Power-Down status bit (PD) is

cleared. The Time-out status bit (TO)

is set. The Watchdog Timer and its

postscaler are cleared.

The processor is put into Sleep mode

with the oscillator stopped.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

Process

Data

Go to

Sleep

Example: SLEEP

Before Instruction

TO =?

PD =?

After Instruction

TO =1 †

PD =0

† If WDT causes wake-up, this bit is cleared.

SUBFWB Subtract f from W with Borrow

Syntax: SUBFWB f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) – (f) – (C) → dest

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0101 01da ffff ffff

Description: Subtract register ‘f’ and Carry flag

(borrow) from W (2’s complement

method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in

W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored in

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If

‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates in

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example 1: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 3

W=2

C=1

After Instruction

REG = FF

W=2

C=0

Z=0

N = 1 ; result is negative

Example 2: SUBFWB REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 2

W=5

C=1

After Instruction

REG = 2

W=3

C=1

Z=0

N = 0 ; result is positive

Example 3: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1

W=2

C=0

After Instruction

REG = 0

W=2

C=1

Z = 1 ; result is zero

N=0

Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 2, Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 3, Examg‘e 2, Examg‘e 3,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SUBLW Subtract W from Literal

Syntax: SUBLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k – (W) → W

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0000 1000 kkkk kkkk

Description: W is subtracted from the eight-bit

literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example 1: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction

W = 01h

C=?

After Instruction

W = 01h

C = 1 ; result is positive

Z=0

N=0

Example 2: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction

W = 02h

C=?

After Instruction

W = 00h

C = 1 ; result is zero

Z=1

N=0

Example 3: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction

W = 03h

C=?

After Instruction

W = FFh ; (2’s complement)

C = 0 ; result is negative

Z=0

N=1

SUBWF Subtract W from f

Syntax: SUBWF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W) → dest

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0101 11da ffff ffff

Description: Subtract W from register ‘f’ (2’s

complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the

result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result

is stored back in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example 1: SUBWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 3

W=2

C=?

After Instruction

REG = 1

W=2

C = 1 ; result is positive

Z=0

N=0

Example 2: SUBWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 2

W=2

C=?

After Instruction

REG = 2

W=0

C = 1 ; result is zero

Z=1

N=0

Example 3: SUBWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1

W=2

C=?

After Instruction

REG = FFh ;(2’s complement)

W=2

C = 0 ; result is negative

Z=0

N=1

Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e. Examg‘e 2, Examg‘e 3,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SUBWFB Subtract W from f with Borrow

Syntax: SUBWFB f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W) – (C) → dest

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0101 10da ffff ffff

Description: Subtract W and the Carry flag (borrow)

from register ‘f’ (2’s complement

method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored

in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back

in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example 1: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 19h (0001 1001)

W=0Dh (0000 1101)

C=1

After Instruction

REG = 0Ch (0000 1011)

W=0Dh (0000 1101)

C=1

Z=0

N = 0 ; result is positive

Example 2: SUBWFB REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)

W=1Ah (0001 1010)

C=0

After Instruction

REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)

W = 00h

C=1

Z = 1 ; result is zero

N=0

Example 3: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 03h (0000 0011)

W=0Eh (0000 1101)

C=1

After Instruction

REG = F5h (1111 0100)

; [2’s comp]

W=0Eh (0000 1101)

C=0

Z=0

N = 1 ; result is negative

SWAPF Swap f

Syntax: SWAPF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<3:0>) → dest<7:4>,

(f<7:4>) → dest<3:0>

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0011 10da ffff ffff

Description: The upper and lower nibbles of register

‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result

is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is

placed in register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: SWAPF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = 53h

After Instruction

REG = 35h

Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 2,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TBLRD Table Read

Syntax: TBLRD ( *; *+; *-; +*)

Operands: None

Operation: if TBLRD *,

(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,

TBLPTR – No Change;

if TBLRD *+,

(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,

(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR;

if TBLRD *-,

(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,

(TBLPTR) – 1 → TBLPTR;

if TBLRD +*,

(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR,

(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 10nn

nn=0 *

=1 *+

=2 *-

=3 +*

Description: This instruction is used to read the contents

of Program Memory (P.M.). To address the

program memory, a pointer called Table

Pointer (TBLPTR) is used.

The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to

each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR

has a 2-Mbyte address range.

TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of

Program Memory Word

TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of

Program Memory Word

The TBLRD instruction can modify the value

of TBLPTR as follows:

• no change

• post-increment

• post-decrement

• pre-increment

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

No operation

(Read Program

Memory)

operation

No operation

(Write

TABLAT)

TBLRD Table Read (Continued)

Example 1: TBLRD *+ ;

Before Instruction

TABLAT = 55h

TBLPTR = 00A356h

MEMORY(00A356h) = 34h

After Instruction

TABLAT = 34h

TBLPTR = 00A357h

Example 2: TBLRD +* ;

Before Instruction

TABLAT = AAh

TBLPTR = 01A357h

MEMORY(01A357h) = 12h

MEMORY(01A358h) = 34h

After Instruction

TABLAT = 34h

TBLPTR = 01A358h

Examg‘e 1, Examg‘e 2,

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TBLWT Table Write

Syntax: TBLWT ( *; *+; *-; +*)

Operands: None

Operation: if TBLWT*,

(TABLAT) → Holding Register,

TBLPTR – No Change;

if TBLWT*+,

(TABLAT) → Holding Register,

(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR;

if TBLWT*-,

(TABLAT) → Holding Register,

(TBLPTR) – 1 → TBLPTR;

if TBLWT+*,

(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR,

(TABLAT) → Holding Register

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 11nn

nn=0 *

=1 *+

=2 *-

=3 +*

Description: This instruction uses the 3 LSBs of

TBLPTR to determine which of the

8 holding registers the TABLAT is written

to. The holding registers are used to

program the contents of Program Memory

(P.M.). (Refer to Section 6.0 “Memory

Organization” for additional details on

programming Flash memory.)

The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to

each byte in the program memory.

TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range.

The LSb of the TBLPTR selects which

byte of the program memory location to

access.

TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte

of Program Memory

Word

TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte

of Program Memory

Word

The TBLWT instruction can modify the

value of TBLPTR as follows:

• no change

• post-increment

• post-decrement

• pre-increment

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode No

operation

(Read

TABLAT)

operation

(Write to

Holding

TBLWT Table Write (Continued)

Example 1: TBLWT *+;

Before Instruction

TABLAT = 55h

TBLPTR = 00A356h

HOLDING REGISTER

(00A356h) = FFh

After Instructions (table write completion)

TABLAT = 55h

TBLPTR = 00A357h

HOLDING REGISTER

(00A356h) = 55h

Example 2: TBLWT +*;

Before Instruction

TABLAT = 34h

TBLPTR = 01389Ah

HOLDING REGISTER

(01389Ah) = FFh

HOLDING REGISTER

(01389Bh) = FFh

After Instruction (table write completion)

TABLAT = 34h

TBLPTR = 01389Bh

HOLDING REGISTER

(01389Ah) = FFh

HOLDING REGISTER

(01389Bh) = 34h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TSTFSZ Test f, Skip if 0

Syntax: TSTFSZ f {,a}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: skip if f = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 011a ffff ffff

Description: If ‘f’ = 0, the next instruction fetched

during the current instruction execution

is discarded and a NOP is executed,

making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed

by a 2-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

operation

Example: HERE TSTFSZ CNT, 1

NZERO :

ZERO :

Before Instruction

PC = Address (HERE)

After Instruction

If CNT = 00h,

PC = Address (ZERO)

If CNT ≠00h,

PC = Address (NZERO)

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax: XORLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) .XOR. k → W

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0000 1010 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of W are XORed with

the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed

in W.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

Example: XORLW 0AFh

Before Instruction

W=B5h

After Instruction

W=1Ah

Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax: XORWF f {,d {,a}}

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 255

d ∈ [0,1]

a ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) → dest

Status Affected: N, Z

Encoding: 0001 10da ffff ffff

Description: Exclusive OR the contents of W with

in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back

in the register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.

If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the

GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction

set is enabled, this instruction operates

in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See

Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and

Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed

Literal Offset Mode” for details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: XORWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction

REG = AFh

W=B5h

After Instruction

REG = 1Ah

W=B5h

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.2 Extended Instruction Set

In addition to the standard 75 instructions of the PIC18

instruction set, the PIC18F87J10 family of devices also

provide an optional extension to the core CPU function-

ality. The added features include eight additional

instructions that augment Indirect and Indexed

Addressing operations and the implementation of

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing for many of the

standard PIC18 instructions.

The additional features of the extended instruction set

are disabled by default on unprogrammed devices.

Users must properly set or clear the XINST Configura-

tion bit during programming to enable or disable these

features.

The instructions in the extended set can all be

classified as literal operations, which either manipulate

the File Select Registers, or use them for Indexed

Addressing. Two of the instructions, ADDFSR and

SUBFSR, each have an additional special instantiation

for using FSR2. These versions (ADDULNK and

SUBULNK) allow for automatic return after execution.

The extended instructions are specifically implemented

to optimize re-entrant program code (that is, code that

is recursive or that uses a software stack) written in

high-level languages, particularly C. Among other

things, they allow users working in high-level

languages to perform certain operations on data

structures more efficiently. These include:

• dynamic allocation and deallocation of software

stack space when entering and leaving

subroutines

• function pointer invocation

• software Stack Pointer manipulation

• manipulation of variables located in a software

stack

A summary of the instructions in the extended instruc-

tion set is provided in Table 25-3. Detailed descriptions

are provided in Section 25.2.2 “Extended Instruction

Set”. The opcode field descriptions in Table 25-1 (page

294) apply to both the standard and extended PIC18

instruction sets.

25.2.1 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SYNTAX

Most of the extended instructions use indexed argu-

ments, using one of the File Select Registers and some

offset to specify a source or destination register. When

an argument for an instruction serves as part of

Indexed Addressing, it is enclosed in square brackets

(“[ ]”). This is done to indicate that the argument is used

as an index or offset. The MPASM™ Assembler will

flag an error if it determines that an index or offset value

is not bracketed.

When the extended instruction set is enabled, brackets

are also used to indicate index arguments in

byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions. This is in

addition to other changes in their syntax. For more

details, see Section 25.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction

Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands”.

TABLE 25-3: EXTENSIONS TO THE PIC18 INSTRUCTION SET

Note: The instruction set extension and the

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode

were designed for optimizing applications

written in C; the user may likely never use

these instructions directly in assembler.

The syntax for these commands is

provided as a reference for users who may

be reviewing code that has been

generated by a compiler.

Note: In the past, square brackets have been

used to denote optional arguments in the

PIC18 and earlier instruction sets. In this

text and going forward, optional

arguments are denoted by braces (“{ }”).

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles

16-Bit Instruction Word Status

Affected

MSb LSb

ADDFSR

ADDULNK

CALLW

MOVSF

MOVSS

PUSHL

SUBFSR

SUBULNK

f, k

zs, fd

zs, zd

f, k

Add Literal to FSR

Add Literal to FSR2 and Return

Call Subroutine using WREG

Move zs (source) to 1st word

fd (destination) 2nd word

Move zs (source) to 1st word

zd (destination) 2nd word

Store Literal at FSR2,

Decrement FSR2

Subtract Literal from FSR

Subtract Literal from FSR2 and

Return

1110

0000

1110

1111

1110

1111

1110

1000

0000

1011

ffff

1011

xxxx

1010

1001

ffkk

11kk

0001

0zzz

ffff

1zzz

xzzz

kkkk

ffkk

11kk

kkkk

0100

zzzz

ffff

zzzz

kkkk

None

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.2.2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET

ADDFSR Add Literal to FSR

Syntax: ADDFSR f, k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 63

f ∈ [ 0, 1, 2 ]

Operation: FSR(f) + k → FSR(f)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 1000 ffkk kkkk

Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the

contents of the FSR specified by ‘f’.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

FSR

Example: ADDFSR 2, 23h

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 03FFh

After Instruction

FSR2 = 0422h

ADDULNK Add Literal to FSR2 and Return

Syntax: ADDULNK k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 63

Operation: FSR2 + k → FSR2,

(TOS) → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 1000 11kk kkkk

Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the

contents of FSR2. A RETURN is then

executed by loading the PC with the

TOS.

The instruction takes two cycles to

execute; a NOP is performed during

the second cycle.

This may be thought of as a special

case of the ADDFSR instruction,

where f = 3 (binary ‘11’); it operates

only on FSR2.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

literal ‘k’

Process

Data

Write to

FSR

Operation

Example: ADDULNK 23h

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 03FFh

PC = 0100h

After Instruction

FSR2 = 0422h

PC = (TOS)

Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in

symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

CALLW Subroutine Call using WREG

Syntax: CALLW

Operands: None

Operation: (PC + 2) → TOS,

(W) → PCL,

(PCLATH) → PCH,

(PCLATU) → PCU

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 0100

Description First, the return address (PC + 2) is

pushed onto the return stack. Next, the

contents of W are written to PCL; the

existing value is discarded. Then, the

contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are

latched into PCH and PCU,

respectively. The second cycle is

executed as a NOP instruction while the

new next instruction is fetched.

Unlike CALL, there is no option to

update W, STATUS or BSR.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

WREG

Push PC to

stack

operation

Example: HERE CALLW

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

PCLATH = 10h

PCLATU = 00h

W = 06h

After Instruction

PC = 001006h

TOS = address (HERE + 2)

PCLATH = 10h

PCLATU = 00h

W = 06h

MOVSF Move Indexed to f

Syntax: MOVSF [zs], fd

Operands: 0 ≤ zs ≤ 127

0 ≤ fd ≤ 4095

Operation: ((FSR2) + zs) → fd

Status Affected: None

Encoding:

1st word (source)

2nd word (destin.)

1110

1111

1011

ffff

0zzz

ffff

zzzzs

ffffd

Description: The contents of the source register are

moved to destination register ‘fd’. The

actual address of the source register is

determined by adding the 7-bit literal

offset ‘zs’, in the first word, to the value

of FSR2. The address of the destination

‘fd’ in the second word. Both addresses

can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data

space (000h to FFFh).

The MOVSF instruction cannot use the

PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the

destination register.

If the resultant source address points to

an Indirect Addressing register, the

value returned will be 00h.

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Determine

source addr

Determine

source addr

Read

source reg

Decode No

operation

No dummy

read

operation

Write

(dest)

Example: MOVSF [05h], REG2

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 80h

Contents

of 85h = 33h

REG2 = 11h

After Instruction

FSR2 = 80h

Contents

of 85h = 33h

REG2 = 33h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

MOVSS Move Indexed to Indexed

Syntax: MOVSS [zs], [zd]

Operands: 0 ≤ zs ≤ 127

0 ≤ zd ≤ 127

Operation: ((FSR2) + zs) → ((FSR2) + zd)

Status Affected: None

Encoding:

1st word (source)

2nd word (dest.)

1110

1111

1011

xxxx

1zzz

xzzz

zzzzs

zzzzd

Description The contents of the source register are

moved to the destination register. The

addresses of the source and destination

registers are determined by adding the

7-bit literal offsets ‘zs’ or ‘zd’,

respectively, to the value of FSR2. Both

registers can be located anywhere in

the 4096-byte data memory space

(000h to FFFh).

The MOVSS instruction cannot use the

PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the

destination register.

If the resultant source address points to

an Indirect Addressing register, the

value returned will be 00h. If the

resultant destination address points to

an Indirect Addressing register, the

instruction will execute as a NOP.

Words: 2

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Determine

source addr

Determine

source addr

Read

source reg

Decode Determine

dest addr

Determine

dest addr

Write

to dest reg

Example: MOVSS [05h], [06h]

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 80h

Contents

of 85h = 33h

Contents

of 86h = 11h

After Instruction

FSR2 = 80h

Contents

of 85h = 33h

Contents

of 86h = 33h

PUSHL Store Literal at FSR2, Decrement FSR2

Syntax: PUSHL k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → (FSR2),

FSR2 – 1 → FSR2

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1111 1010 kkkk kkkk

Description: The 8-bit literal ‘k’ is written to the data

memory address specified by FSR2.

FSR2 is decremented by 1 after the

operation.

This instruction allows users to push

values onto a software stack.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read ‘k’ Process

data

Write to

destination

Example: PUSHL 08h

Before Instruction

FSR2H:FSR2L = 01ECh

Memory (01ECh) = 00h

After Instruction

FSR2H:FSR2L = 01EBh

Memory (01ECh) = 08h

Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SUBFSR Subtract Literal from FSR

Syntax: SUBFSR f, k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 63

f ∈ [ 0, 1, 2 ]

Operation: FSRf – k → FSRf

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 1001 ffkk kkkk

Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from

the contents of the FSR specified

by ‘f’.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: SUBFSR 2, 23h

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 03FFh

After Instruction

FSR2 = 03DCh

SUBULNK Subtract Literal from FSR2 and Return

Syntax: SUBULNK k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 63

Operation: FSR2 – k → FSR2,

(TOS) → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1110 1001 11kk kkkk

Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from the

contents of the FSR2. A RETURN is then

executed by loading the PC with the

TOS.

The instruction takes two cycles to

execute; a NOP is performed during the

second cycle.

This may be thought of as a special case

of the SUBFSR instruction, where f = 3

(binary ‘11’); it operates only on FSR2.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Operation

Example: SUBULNK 23h

Before Instruction

FSR2 = 03FFh

PC = 0100h

After Instruction

FSR2 = 03DCh

PC = (TOS)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.2.3 BYTE-ORIENTED AND

BIT-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS IN

INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE

In addition to eight new commands in the extended set,

enabling the extended instruction set also enables

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing (Section 6.6.1

“Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset”). This has

a significant impact on the way that many commands of

the standard PIC18 instruction set are interpreted.

When the extended set is disabled, addresses embed-

ded in opcodes are treated as literal memory locations:

either as a location in the Access Bank (a = 0) or in a

GPR bank designated by the BSR (a = 1). When the

extended instruction set is enabled and a = 0, however,

a file register argument of 5Fh or less is interpreted as

an offset from the pointer value in FSR2 and not as a

literal address. For practical purposes, this means that

all instructions that use the Access RAM bit as an

argument – that is, all byte-oriented and bit-oriented

instructions, or almost half of the core PIC18 instruc-

tions – may behave differently when the extended

instruction set is enabled.

When the content of FSR2 is 00h, the boundaries of the

Access RAM are essentially remapped to their original

values. This may be useful in creating

backward-compatible code. If this technique is used, it

may be necessary to save the value of FSR2 and

restore it when moving back and forth between C and

assembly routines in order to preserve the Stack

Pointer. Users must also keep in mind the syntax

requirements of the extended instruction set (see

Section 25.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction Syntax with

Standard PIC18 Commands”).

Although the Indexed Literal Offset mode can be very

useful for dynamic stack and pointer manipulation, it

can also be very annoying if a simple arithmetic opera-

tion is carried out on the wrong register. Users who are

accustomed to the PIC18 programming must keep in

mind that, when the extended instruction set is

enabled, register addresses of 5Fh or less are used for

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing.

Representative examples of typical byte-oriented and

bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset

mode are provided on the following page to show how

execution is affected. The operand conditions shown in

the examples are applicable to all instructions of these

types.

25.2.3.1 Extended Instruction Syntax with

Standard PIC18 Commands

When the extended instruction set is enabled, the file

bit-oriented commands is replaced with the literal offset

value ‘k’. As already noted, this occurs only when ‘f’ is

less than or equal to 5Fh. When an offset value is used,

it must be indicated by square brackets (“[ ]”). As with

the extended instructions, the use of brackets indicates

to the compiler that the value is to be interpreted as an

index or an offset. Omitting the brackets, or using a

value greater than 5Fh within the brackets, will

generate an error in the MPASM Assembler.

If the index argument is properly bracketed for Indexed

Literal Offset Addressing, the Access RAM argument is

never specified; it will automatically be assumed to be

‘0’. This is in contrast to standard operation (extended

instruction set disabled), when ‘a’ is set on the basis of

the target address. Declaring the Access RAM bit in

this mode will also generate an error in the MPASM

Assembler.

The destination argument ‘d’ functions as before.

In the latest versions of the MPASM Assembler,

language support for the extended instruction set must

be explicitly invoked. This is done with either the

command line option, /y, or the PE directive in the

source listing.

25.2.4 CONSIDERATIONS WHEN

ENABLING THE EXTENDED

INSTRUCTION SET

It is important to note that the extensions to the instruc-

tion set may not be beneficial to all users. In particular,

users who are not writing code that uses a software

stack may not benefit from using the extensions to the

instruction set.

Additionally, the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

mode may create issues with legacy applications

written to the PIC18 assembler. This is because

instructions in the legacy code may attempt to address

registers in the Access Bank below 5Fh. Since these

addresses are interpreted as literal offsets to FSR2

when the instruction set extension is enabled, the

application may read or write to the wrong data

addresses.

When porting an application to the PIC18F87J10

family, it is very important to consider the type of code.

A large, re-entrant application that is written in C and

would benefit from efficient compilation will do well

when using the instruction set extensions. Legacy

applications that heavily use the Access Bank will most

likely not benefit from using the extended instruction

set.

Note: Enabling the PIC18 instruction set exten-

sion may cause legacy applications to

behave erratically or fail entirely.

Examg‘e. Examg‘e. Examg‘e.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

ADDWF ADD W to Indexed

(Indexed Literal Offset mode)

Syntax: ADDWF [k] {,d}

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 95

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) + ((FSR2) + k) → dest

Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0010 01d0 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of W are added to the

contents of the register indicated by

FSR2, offset by the value ‘k’.

If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’

is ‘1’, the result is stored back in

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read ‘k’ Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: ADDWF [OFST] ,0

Before Instruction

W = 17h

OFST = 2Ch

FSR2 = 0A00h

Contents

of 0A2Ch = 20h

After Instruction

W = 37h

Contents

of 0A2Ch = 20h

BSF Bit Set Indexed

(Indexed Literal Offset mode)

Syntax: BSF [k], b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 95

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

Operation: 1 → ((FSR2) + k)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1000 bbb0 kkkk kkkk

Description: Bit ‘b’ of the register indicated by FSR2,

offset by the value ‘k’, is set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read

Process

Data

Write to

destination

Example: BSF [FLAG_OFST], 7

Before Instruction

FLAG_OFST = 0Ah

FSR2 = 0A00h

Contents

of 0A0Ah = 55h

After Instruction

Contents

of 0A0Ah = D5h

SETF Set Indexed

(Indexed Literal Offset mode)

Syntax: SETF [k]

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 95

Operation: FFh → ((FSR2) + k)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 1000 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of the register indicated by

FSR2, offset by ‘k’, are set to FFh.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Decode Read ‘k’ Process

Data

Write

Example: SETF [OFST]

Before Instruction

OFST = 2Ch

FSR2 = 0A00h

Contents

of 0A2Ch = 00h

After Instruction

Contents

of 0A2Ch = FFh

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

25.2.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH

MICROCHIP MPLAB® IDE TOOLS

The latest versions of Microchip’s software tools have

been designed to fully support the extended instruction

set for the PIC18F87J10 family. This includes the

MPLAB C18 C Compiler, MPASM assembly language

and MPLAB Integrated Development Environment

(IDE).

When selecting a target device for software

development, MPLAB IDE will automatically set default

Configuration bits for that device. The default setting for

the XINST Configuration bit is ‘0’, disabling the

extended instruction set and Indexed Literal Offset

Addressing. For proper execution of applications

developed to take advantage of the extended instruc-

tion set, XINST must be set during programming.

To develop software for the extended instruction set,

the user must enable support for the instructions and

the Indexed Addressing mode in their language tool(s).

Depending on the environment being used, this may be

done in several ways:

• A menu option or dialog box within the

environment that allows the user to configure the

language tool and its settings for the project

• A command line option

• A directive in the source code

These options vary between different compilers,

assemblers and development environments. Users are

encouraged to review the documentation accompany-

ing their development systems for the appropriate

information.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

26.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

The PIC® microcontrollers are supported with a full

range of hardware and software development tools:

• Integrated Development Environment

- MPLAB® IDE Software

• Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers

- MPASMTM Assembler

- MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers

-MPLINK

TM Object Linker/

MPLIBTM Object Librarian

- MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library

• Simulators

- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

•Emulators

- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator

- MPLAB REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator

• In-Circuit Debugger

- MPLAB ICD 2

• Device Programmers

- PICSTART® Plus Development Programmer

- MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer

- PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer

• Low-Cost Demonstration and Development

Boards and Evaluation Kits

26.1 MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment Software

The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software

development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit micro-

controller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®

operating system-based application that contains:

• A single graphical interface to all debugging tools

- Simulator

- Programmer (sold separately)

- Emulator (sold separately)

- In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately)

• A full-featured editor with color-coded context

• A multiple project manager

• Customizable data windows with direct edit of

contents

• High-level source code debugging

• Visual device initializer for easy register

initialization

• Mouse over variable inspection

• Drag and drop variables from source to watch

windows

• Extensive on-line help

• Integration of select third party tools, such as

HI-TECH Software C Compilers and IAR

C Compilers

The MPLAB IDE allows you to:

• Edit your source files (either assembly or C)

• One touch assemble (or compile) and download

to PIC MCU emulator and simulator tools

(automatically updates all project information)

• Debug using:

- Source files (assembly or C)

- Mixed assembly and C

- Machine code

MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a

single development paradigm, from the cost-effective

simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to

full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning

curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility

and power.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

26.2 MPASM Assembler

The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal

macro assembler for all PIC MCUs.

The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object

files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel® standard HEX

files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol

reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines

and generated machine code and COFF files for

debugging.

The MPASM Assembler features include:

• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects

• User-defined macros to streamline

assembly code

• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose

source files

• Directives that allow complete control over the

assembly process

26.3 MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30

C Compilers

The MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 Code Development

Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for

Microchip’s PIC18 and PIC24 families of microcon-

trollers and the dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 family of digital

signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful

integration capabilities, superior code optimization and

ease of use not found with other compilers.

For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide

symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE

debugger.

26.4 MPLINK Object Linker/

MPLIB Object Librarian

The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable

objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the

MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects

from precompiled libraries, using directives from a

linker script.

The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and

modification of library files of precompiled code. When

a routine from a library is called from a source file, only

the modules that contain that routine will be linked in

with the application. This allows large libraries to be

used efficiently in many different applications.

The object linker/library features include:

• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many

smaller files

• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping

related modules together

• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module

listing, replacement, deletion and extraction

26.5 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker

and Librarian

MPLAB ASM30 Assembler produces relocatable

machine code from symbolic assembly language for

dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 C Compiler uses the

assembler to produce its object file. The assembler

generates relocatable object files that can then be

archived or linked with other relocatable object files and

archives to create an executable file. Notable features

of the assembler include:

• Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set

• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data

• Command line interface

• Rich directive set

• Flexible macro language

• MPLAB IDE compatibility

26.6 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code

development in a PC-hosted environment by simulat-

ing the PIC MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an instruction

level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be

examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from

a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be

logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace

buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of

the simulator to record and track program execution,

actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers.

The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports

symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C18 and

MPLAB C30 C Compilers, and the MPASM and

MPLAB ASM30 Assemblers. The software simulator

offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside

of the hardware laboratory environment, making it an

excellent, economical software development tool.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

26.7 MPLAB ICE 2000

High-Performance

In-Circuit Emulator

The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator is intended

to provide the product development engineer with a

complete microcontroller design tool set for PIC

microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE

2000 In-Circuit Emulator is advanced by the MPLAB

Integrated Development Environment, which allows

editing, building, downloading and source debugging

from a single environment.

The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator

system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitor-

ing features. Interchangeable processor modules allow

the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of

different processors. The architecture of the MPLAB

ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator allows expansion to

support new PIC microcontrollers.

The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator system has

been designed as a real-time emulation system with

advanced features that are typically found on more

expensive development tools. The PC platform and

Microsoft® Windows® 32-bit operating system were

chosen to best make these features available in a

simple, unified application.

26.8 MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit

Emulator System

MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is

Microchip’s next generation high-speed emulator for

Microchip Flash DSC and MCU devices. It debugs and

programs PIC® Flash MCUs and dsPIC® Flash DSCs

with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of

the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE),

included with each kit.

The MPLAB REAL ICE probe is connected to the design

engineer’s PC using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and

is connected to the target with either a connector

compatible with the popular MPLAB ICD 2 system

(RJ11) or with the new high-speed, noise tolerant, Low-

Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) interconnection

(CAT5).

MPLAB REAL ICE is field upgradeable through future

firmware downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming

releases of MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported,

and new features will be added, such as software break-

points and assembly code trace. MPLAB REAL ICE

offers significant advantages over competitive emulators

including low-cost, full-speed emulation, real-time

variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a

ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters)

interconnection cables.

26.9 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger

Microchip’s In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a

powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool,

connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed

USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash PIC

MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other

PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. The MPLAB ICD 2 utilizes

the in-circuit debugging capability built into the Flash

devices. This feature, along with Microchip’s In-Circuit

Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol, offers cost-

effective, in-circuit Flash debugging from the graphical

user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment. This enables a designer to develop and

debug source code by setting breakpoints, single step-

ping and watching variables, and CPU status and

peripheral registers. Running at full speed enables

testing hardware and applications in real time. MPLAB

ICD 2 also serves as a development programmer for

selected PIC devices.

26.10 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer

The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal,

CE compliant device programmer with programmable

voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for

maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display

(128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu-

lar, detachable socket assembly to support various

package types. The ICSP™ cable assembly is included

as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB

PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program

PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set

code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3

connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable.

The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and

optimized algorithms for quick programming of large

memory devices and incorporates an SD/MMC card for

file storage and secure data applications.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

26.11 PICSTART Plus Development

Programmer

The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is an

easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It

connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB

Integrated Development Environment software makes

using the programmer simple and efficient. The

PICSTART Plus Development Programmer supports

most PIC devices in DIP packages up to 40 pins.

Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and

PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket.

The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is CE

compliant.

26.12 PICkit 2 Development Programmer

The PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer is a low-cost

programmer and selected Flash device debugger with

an easy-to-use interface for programming many of

Microchip’s baseline, mid-range and PIC18F families of

Flash memory microcontrollers. The PICkit 2 Starter Kit

includes a prototyping development board, twelve

sequential lessons, software and HI-TECH’s PICC™

Lite C compiler, and is designed to help get up to speed

quickly using PIC® microcontrollers. The kit provides

everything needed to program, evaluate and develop

applications using Microchip’s powerful, mid-range

Flash memory family of microcontrollers.

26.13 Demonstration, Development and

Evaluation Boards

A wide variety of demonstration, development and

evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC

DSCs allows quick application development on fully func-

tional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for

adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware

and source code for examination and modification.

The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs,

temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232

interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional

EEPROM memory.

The demonstration and development boards can be

used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom

circuits and for learning about various microcontroller

applications.

In addition to the PICDEM™ and dsPICDEM™ demon-

stration/development board series of circuits, Microchip

has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software

for analog filter design, KEELOQ® security ICs, CAN,

IrDA®, PowerSmart battery management, SEEVAL®

evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate

sensing, plus many more.

Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com)

for the complete list of demonstration, development

and evaluation kits.

MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings(†)

Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-40°C to +125°C

Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C

Voltage on any digital only I/O pin or MCLR with respect to VSS (except VDD) ........................................... -0.3V to 6.0V

Voltage on any combined digital and analog pin with respect to VSS (except VDD)........................ -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)

Voltage on VDDCORE with respect to VSS ................................................................................................... -0.3V to 2.75V

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ........................................................................................................... -0.3V to 3.6V

Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W

Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA

Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA

Maximum output current sunk by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pin........................................................................25 mA

Maximum output current sunk by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pin............................................................8 mA

Maximum output current sunk by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pin .............................................4 mA

Maximum output current sourced by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pin ..................................................................25 mA

Maximum output current sourced by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pin.......................................................8 mA

Maximum output current sourced by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pin ........................................4 mA

Maximum current sunk by all ports .......................................................................................................................200 mA

Maximum current sourced by all ports ..................................................................................................................200 mA

Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows:

Pdis = VDD x {IDD – ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)

† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the

device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those

indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for

extended periods may affect device reliability.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-1: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH,

REGULATOR DISABLED (INDUSTRIAL)

Frequency

Voltage (VDDCORE)(1)

3.00V

2.00V

40 MHz

2.75V

2.50V

2.25V

2.7V

4 MHz

2.35V

Note 1: For devices without the voltage regulator, VDD and VDDCORE must be maintained so

that VDDCORE ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V.

For VDDCORE values, 2V to 2.35V, FMAX = (102.85 MHz/V) * (VDDCORE – 2V) + 4 MHz

PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15/8XJ10/8XJ15

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH,

REGULATOR ENABLED (INDUSTRIAL)

Frequency

Voltage (VDD)

4.0V

40 MHz

3.5V

3.0V

2.5V

3.6V

4 MHz

PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15/8XJ10/8XJ15

2.7V

•FMAX = 25 MHz in 8-bit External Memory mode.

•F

MAX = 40 MHz in all other modes for VDD > 2.35V.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.1 DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions

D001 VDD Supply Voltage VDDCORE

2.7

—

3.6

ENVREG = 0

ENVREG = 1

D001B VDDCORE External Supply for

Microcontroller Core

2.0 — 2.7 V ENVREG = 0

D001C AVDD Analog Supply Voltage VDD – 0.3 — VDD + 0.3 V

D001D AVSS Analog Ground Voltage VSS – 0.3 — VSS + 0.3 V

D002 VDR RAM Data Retention

Voltage(1)

1.5 — — V

D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage

to ensure Internal

Power-on Reset Signal

— — 0.15 V See Section 5.3 “Power-on

Reset (POR)” for details

D004 SVDD VDD Rise Rate

to Ensure Internal

Power-on Reset Signal

0.05 — — V/ms See Section 5.3 “Power-on

Reset (POR)” for details

D005 VBOR Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Voltage

2.35 2.5 2.7 V

Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode, or during a device Reset, without losing RAM

data.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Power-Down Current (IPD)(1)

All devices 27 69 μA -40°C

VDD = 2.0V(5)

(Sleep mode)

43 69 μA +25°C

121 149 μA +85°C

All devices 49 104 μA -40°C

VDD = 2.5V(5)

(Sleep mode)

69 104 μA +25°C

166 184 μA +85°C

All devices 75 203 μA -40°C

VDD = 3.3V(6)

(Sleep mode)

100 203 μA +25°C

140 289 μA +85°C

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Supply Current (IDD)(2,3)

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -40°C

FOSC = 31 kHz

(RC_RUN mode,

internal oscillator source)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V

1.9 3.27 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -40°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V

3.5 5.57 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.97 mA -40°C

3.8 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V

3.7 5.97 mA +85°C

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -40°C

FOSC = 31 kHz

(RC_IDLE mode,

internal oscillator source)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V

1.9 3.27 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -40°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V

3.5 5.57 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.97 mA -40°C

3.8 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V

3.7 5.97 mA +85°C

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Supply Current (IDD)(2,3)

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -40°C

FOSC = 1 MHZ

(PRI_RUN mode,

EC oscillator)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

1.9 3.27 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -40°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

3.5 5.57 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.97 mA -40°C

3.8 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

3.7 5.97 mA +85°C

All devices 2.4 4.47 mA -40°C

FOSC = 4 MHz

(PRI_RUN mode,

EC oscillator)

2.4 4.47 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

2.5 4.47 mA +85°C

All devices 4.7 6.97 mA -40°C

4.4 6.97 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

4.3 6.97 mA +85°C

All devices 5.1 7.47 mA -40°C

4.9 7.47 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

4.7 7.47 mA +85°C

All devices 13.4 18.7 mA -40°C

FOSC = 40 MHZ

(PRI_RUN mode,

EC oscillator)

13.0 18.7 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

13.0 18.7 mA +85°C

All devices 14.5 19.7 mA -40°C

14.4 19.7 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

14.5 19.7 mA +85°C

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Supply Current (IDD)(2)

All devices 7.2 12.1 mA -40°C

VDD = 2.5V(5)

FOSC = 4 MHZ,

16 MHz internal

(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)

6.8 12.1 mA +25°C

6.9 12.1 mA +85°C

All devices 7.6 13.1 mA -40°C

VDD = 3.3V(6)

FOSC = 4 MHZ,

16 MHz internal

(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)

7.5 13.1 mA +25°C

7.3 13.1 mA +85°C

All devices 10.9 18.7 mA -40°C

VDD = 2.5V(5)

FOSC = 10 MHZ,

40 MHz internal

(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)

10.6 18.7 mA +25°C

10.3 18.7 mA +85°C

All devices 11.9 19.7 mA -40°C

VDD = 3.3V(6)

FOSC = 10 MHZ,

40 MHz internal

(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)

11.8 19.7 mA +25°C

11.7 19.7 mA +85°C

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Supply Current (IDD)(2,3)

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -40°C

FOSC = 1 MHz

(PRI_IDLE mode,

EC oscillator)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

1.9 3.27 mA +85°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -40°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

3.5 5.57 mA +85°C

All devices 4.2 5.97 mA -40°C

4.0 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

3.8 5.97 mA +85°C

All devices 2.4 4.47 mA -40°C

FOSC = 4 MHz

(PRI_IDLE mode,

EC oscillator)

2.4 4.47 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

2.5 4.47 mA +85°C

All devices 4.7 6.97 mA -40°C

4.4 6.97 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

4.8 6.97 mA +85°C

All devices 5.1 7.47 mA -40°C

4.9 7.47 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

4.8 7.47 mA +85°C

All devices 13.4 18.7 mA -40°C

FOSC = 40 MHz

(PRI_IDLE mode,

EC oscillator)

13.0 18.7 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

13.0 18.7 mA +85°C

All devices 14.8 19.7 mA -40°C

14.4 19.7 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

14.5 19.7 mA +85°C

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Supply Current (IDD)(2,3)

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -10°C

FOSC = 32 kHz(4)

(SEC_RUN mode,

Timer1 as clock)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

1.9 3.27 mA +70°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -10°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

3.5 5.57 mA +70°C

All devices 4.2 5.97 mA -10°C

4.0 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

3.8 5.97 mA +70°C

All devices 1.8 3.27 mA -10°C

FOSC = 32 kHz(4)

(SEC_IDLE mode,

Timer1 as clock)

1.8 3.27 mA +25°C VDD = 2.0V(5)

1.9 3.27 mA +70°C

All devices 4.0 5.57 mA -10°C

3.7 5.57 mA +25°C VDD = 2.5V(5)

3.5 5.57 mA +70°C

All devices 4.2 5.97 mA -10°C

4.0 5.97 mA +25°C VDD = 3.3V(6)

3.8 5.97 mA +70°C

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

D022

(ΔIWDT)

Module Differential Currents (ΔIWDT, ΔIOSCB, ΔIAD)

Watchdog Timer 1.9 4.5 μA-40°C

VDD = 2.0V

1.9 5.1 μA +25°C

1.3 5.1 μA +85°C

2.7 5.4 μA-40°C

VDD = 2.5V

2.75 6.0 μA +25°C

1.7 6.0 μA +85°C

1.3 10.5 μA-40°C

VDD = 3.3V

2.1 10.5 μA +25°C

2.0 10.5 μA +85°C

D025

(ΔIOSCB)

Timer1 Oscillator 8.1 18.5 μA-40°C

VDD = 2.0V 32 kHz on Timer1(3)

10.8 19.1 μA +25°C

13.9 19.1 μA +85°C

8.2 18.5 μA-40°C

VDD = 2.5V 32 kHz on Timer1(3)

11.0 19.1 μA +25°C

13.9 19.1 μA +85°C

7.9 19.1 μA-40°C

VDD = 3.3V 32 kHz on Timer1(3)

10.7 19.1 μA +25°C

13.5 19.1 μA +85°C

D026

(ΔIAD)

A/D Converter 1.2 10.9 μA -40°C to +85°C VDD = 2.0V

A/D on, not converting

1.2 11.4 μA -40°C to +85°C VDD = 2.5V

1.2 11.9 μA -40°C to +85°C VDD = 3.3V

27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current

PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

PIC18F87J10 Family

(Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions

Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with

the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta

current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).

2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading

and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on

the current consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated

by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.

4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature

crystals are available at a much higher cost.

5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.

6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.

MCLR MCLR mm MCLR MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.3 DC Characteristics: PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)

DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

VIL Input Low Voltage

All I/O Ports:

D030 with TTL buffer VSS 0.15 VDD VVDD < 3.3V

D030A — 0.8 V 3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V

D031 with Schmitt Trigger Buffer VSS 0.2 VDD V

D031A RC3 and RC4 VSS 0.3 VDD VI

2C™ enabled

D031B VSS 0.8 V SMBus enabled

D032 MCLR VSS 0.2 VDD V

D033 OSC1 VSS 0.3 VDD V HS, HSPLL modes

D033A

D034

OSC1

T1CKI

VSS

0.2 VDD

0.3

EC, ECPLL modes(1)

VIH Input High Voltage

I/O Ports with non 5.5V

Toleran ce:(4)

D040 with TTL Buffer 0.25 VDD + 0.8V VDD VVDD < 3.3V

D040A 2.0 VDD V3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V

D041 with Schmitt Trigger Buffer 0.8 VDD VDD V

I/O Ports with 5.5V

Toleran ce:(4)

D041A RC3 and RC4 0.7 VDD VDD VI

2C enabled

D041B 2.1 VDD V SMBus enabled

Dxxx with TTL Buffer 0.25 VDD + 0.8V 5.5 V VDD < 3.3V

DxxxA 2.0 5.5 V 3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V

Dxxx with Schmitt Trigger Buffer 0.8 VDD 5.5 V

D042 MCLR 0.8 VDD VDD V

D043 OSC1 0.7 VDD VDD V HS, HSPLL modes

D043A

D044

OSC1

T1CKI

0.8 VDD

1.6

VDD

EC, ECPLL modes

IIL Input Leakage Current(2,3)

D060 I/O Ports with non 5.5V

Toleran ce:(4)

—±1μAVSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at high-impedance

D060A I/O Ports with 5.5V

Toleran ce:(4)

—±1μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ 5.5V.

Pin at high-impedance

D061 MCLR —±1μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

D063 OSC1 — ±5μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PIC® device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

4: Refer to Table 11-2 for the pins that have corresponding tolerance limits.

em MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

IPU Weak Pull-up Current

D070 IPURB PORTB Weak Pull-up Current 30 240 μAVDD = 3.3V, VPIN = VSS

VOL Output Low Voltage

D080 I/O Ports (PORTB, PORTC) — 0.4 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD 3.3V

I/O Ports (PORTD, PORTE,

PORTJ)

—0.4VI

OL = 3.4 mA, VDD 3.3V

I/O Ports (PORTA, PORTF,

PORTG, PORTH)

—0.4VI

OL = 3.4 mA, VDD 3.3V

D083 OSC2/CLKO

(EC, ECIO modes)

—0.4VI

OL = 1.0 mA, VDD 3.3V

VOH Output High Voltage(3)

D090 I/O Ports (PORTB, PORTC) 2.4 — V IOL = -6 mA, VDD 3.3V

I/O Ports (PORTD, PORTE,

PORTJ)

2.4 — V IOL = -2 mA, VDD 3.3V

I/O Ports (PORTA, PORTF,

PORTG, PORTH)

2.4 — V IOL = -2 mA, VDD 3.3V

D092 OSC2/CLKO

(EC, ECIO modes)

2.4 — V IOL = 1 mA, VDD 3.3V

Capacitive Loading Specs

on Output Pins

D100(4) COSC2 OSC2 Pin —15 pF In HS mode when

external clock is used to drive

OSC1

D101 CIO All I/O Pins — 50 pF To meet the AC Timing

Specifications

D102 CBSCLx, SDAx — 400 pF I2C™ Specification

27.3 DC Characteristics: PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)

DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PIC® device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

4: Refer to Table 11-2 for the pins that have corresponding tolerance limits.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-1: MEMORY PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS

DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ T

A ≤ +85°C for industrial

Param

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

Program Flash Memory

D130 EPCell Endurance 100 1K — E/W -40°C to +85°C

D131 VPR VDD for Read VMIN —3.6VVMIN = Minimum operating

voltage

D132 VPEW Voltage for Self-Timed Erase or

Write

VDD 2.35 — 3.6 V ENVREG = 0

VDDCORE 2.25 — 2.7 V ENVREG = 1

D133A TIW Self-Timed Write Cycle Time — 2.8 — ms

D133B TIE Self-Timed Page Erase Cycle

Time

—33.0—ms

D134 TRETD Characteristic Retention 20 — — Year Provided no other

specifications are violated

D135 IDDP Supply Current during

Programming

—10—mA

D140 TWE Writes per Erase Cycle — — 1 For each physical address

† Data in “Typ” column is at 3.3V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance

only and are not tested.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-2: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE 27-3: VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE 27-4: INTERNAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR SPECIFICATIONS

Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)

Param

No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments

D300 VIOFF Input Offset Voltage — ±5.0 ±25 mV

D301 VICM Input Common Mode Voltage 0 — VDD – 1.5 V

D302 CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 55 — — dB

D303 TRESP Response Time(1) —150400 ns

D304 TMC2OV Comparator Mode Change to

Output Valid

—— 10μs

D305 VIRV Internal Reference Voltage — 1.2 — V

Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD – 1.5)/2, while the other input transitions

from VSS to VDD.

Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)

Param

No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments

D310 VRES Resolution VDD/24 — VDD/32 LSb

D311 VRAA Absolute Accuracy — — 1/2 LSb

D312 VRUR Unit Resistor Value (R) — 2k — Ω

D313 TSET Settling Time(1) — — 10 μs

Note 1: Settling time measured while CVRR = 1 and CVR<3:0> transitions from ‘0000’ to ‘1111’.

Operating Conditions: -40°C < T

A < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)

Param

No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments

VRGOUT Regulator Output Voltage — 2.5 — V

CEFC External Filter Capacitor Value 4.7 10 — μF Capacitor must be low

series resistance

(<5 Ohms)

x MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.4 AC (Timing) Characteristics

27.4.1 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY

The timing parameter symbols have been created

following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS 3. TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)

2. TppS 4. Ts (I2C specifications only)

F Frequency T Time

Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:

cc CCP1 osc OSC1

ck CLKO rd RD

cs CS rw RD or WR

di SDI sc SCK

do SDO ss SS

dt Data in t0 T0CKI

io I/O port t1 T13CKI

mc MCLR wr WR

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

F Fall P Period

HHigh RRise

I Invalid (High-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z High-impedance

I2C only

AA output access High High

BUF Bus free Low Low

CC:ST (I2C specifications only)

HD Hold SU Setup

DAT DATA input hold STO Stop condition

STA Start condition

Load Condihon 1 Load Condmon 2

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.4.2 TIMING CONDITIONS

The temperature and voltages specified in Table 27-5

apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise

noted. Figure 27-3 specifies the load conditions for the

timing specifications.

TABLE 27-5: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS – AC

FIGURE 27-3: LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

AC CHARACTERISTICS

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial

Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 27.1 and

Section 27.3.

VDD/2

VSS

RL=464Ω

CL= 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLKO

and including D and E outputs as ports

Load Condition 1 Load Condition 2

y“) (1] (1)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

27.4.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 27-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING (ALL MODES EXCEPT PLL)

TABLE 27-6: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

1A FOSC External CLKI Frequency(1) DC 25 MHz HS Oscillator mode

DC 40 MHz EC Oscillator mode

DC 10 MHz HSPLL, ECPLL Oscillator modes

Oscillator Frequency(1) 4 25 MHz HS Oscillator mode

4 10 MHz HS/EC + PLL Oscillator mode

OSC External CLKI Period(1) 40 — ns HS Oscillator mode

25 — ns EC Oscillator mode

Oscillator Period(1) 40 250 ns HS Oscillator mode

100 250 ns HS/EC + PLL Oscillator mode

2TCY Instruction Cycle Time(1) 100 — ns TCY = 4/FOSC, Industrial

OSL,

TOSH

External Clock in (OSC1)

High or Low Time

10 — ns HS Oscillator mode

4TOSR,

TOSF

External Clock in (OSC1)

Rise or Fall Time

— 7.5 ns HS Oscillator mode

Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period for all configurations

except PLL. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under

standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result

in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested

to operate at “min.” values with an external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKI pin. When an external clock

input is used, the “max.” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

OSC1

CLKO

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

3344

11)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-7: PLL CLOCK TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (VDD = 2.7V TO 3.6V)

TABLE 27-8: AC CHARACTERISTICS: INTERNAL RC ACCURACY

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)

Param

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

F10 FOSC Oscillator Frequency Range 4 — 10 MHz

F11 FSYS On-Chip VCO System Frequency 16 — 40 MHz

F12 trc PLL Start-up Time (Lock Time) — — 2 ms

F13 ΔCLK CLKO Stability (Jitter) -2 — +2 %

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance

only and are not tested.

Param

No. Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions

INTRC Accuracy @ Freq = 31 kHz(1) 21.88 — 40.63 kHz -40°C to +85°C, VDD = 2.0-3.3V

Note 1: INTRC frequency after calibration. Change of INTRC frequency as VDD changes.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-5: CLKO AND I/O TIMING

TABLE 27-9: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions

10 TOSH2CKLOSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↓ — 75 200 ns (Note 1)

11 TOSH2CKHOSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↑ — 75 200 ns (Note 1)

12 TCKRCLKO Rise Time — 15 30 ns(Note 1)

13 TCKFCLKO Fall Time — 15 30 ns(Note 1)

14 TCKL2IOVCLKO ↓ to Port Out Valid — — 0.5 TCY + 20 ns

15 TIOV2CKH Port In Valid before CLKO ↑ 0.25 TCY + 25 — — ns

16 TCKH2IOI Port In Hold after CLKO ↑ 0——ns

17 TOSH2IOVOSC1 ↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid — 50 150 ns

18 TOSH2IOIOSC1 ↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port Input Invalid

(I/O in hold time)

100 — — ns

18A 200 — — ns VDD = 2.0V

19 TIOV2OSH Port Input Valid to OSC1 ↑

(I/O in setup time)

0——ns

20 TIOR Port Output Rise Time — — 6 ns

20A — — — —

21 TIOF Port Output Fall Time — — 5 ns

21A — — — —

22† TINP INTx Pin High or Low Time TCY ——ns

23† TRBP RB<7:4> Change INTx High or Low Time TCY ——ns

Legend: TBD = To Be Determined

† These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.

Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode, where CLKO output is 4 x TOSC.

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

OSC1

CLKO

I/O pin

(Input)

I/O pin

(Output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

20, 21

19 18

Old Value New Value

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1/ 1/ 1/ 1 1 L1 1 1 1 1 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a1 «1 1 1 j 1 1 “WOW WOW! WM? mm ‘ 2.2.21.2“..12121121 ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 11 ‘ 1 Hg} 1 1 1 ‘ 1 41H 1 1 1 1H 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ‘ 1 1 1} 1 1 1 ‘ 1 11 1 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-6: PROGRAM MEMORY FETCH TIMING DIAGRAM (8-BIT)

TABLE 27-7: PROGRAM MEMORY FETCH TIMING REQUIREMENTS (8-BIT)

Param

No Symbol Characteristics Min Typ Max Units

150 TadV2aIL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓ (address setup time) 0.25 T

CY – 10 — — ns

151 TaIL2adl ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid (address hold time) 5 — — ns

153 BA01 BA0 ↑ to Most Significant Data Valid 0.125 TCY ——ns

154 BA02 BA0 ↓ to Least Significant Data Valid 0.125 TCY ——ns

155 TaIL2oeL ALE ↓ to OE ↓0.125 TCY ——ns

161 ToeH2adD OE ↑ to A/D Driven 0.125 TCY – 5 — — ns

162 TadV2oeH Least Significant Data Valid Before OE ↑

(data setup time

20 — — ns

162A TadV2oeH Most Significant Data Valid Before OE ↑

(data setup time)

0.25 TCY + 20 — — ns

163 ToeH2adI OE ↑ to Data in Invalid (data Hold Time) 0 — — ns

166 TaIH2aIH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time) — T

CY —ns

167 TACC Address Valid to Data Valid 0.5 TCY – 10 — — ns

168 Toe OE ↓ to Data Valid — — 0.125 TCY + 5 ns

170 TubH2oeH BA0 = 0 Valid Before OE ↑0.25 TCY ——ns

170A TubL2oeH BA0 = 1 Valid Before OE ↑0.5 TCY ——ns

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

OSC1

ALE

Address Data

170

161

162

AD<7:0> Address

Address

A<19:8> Address

162A

BA0

Data

170A

151

150

166

167

155

153

163

154

168

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-8: PROGRAM MEMORY READ TIMING DIAGRAM

TABLE 27-10: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param.

No Symbol Characteristics Min Typ Max Units

150 TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓

(address setup time)

0.25 TCY – 10 — — ns

151 TalL2adl ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid

(address hold time)

5——ns

155 TalL2oeL ALE ↓ to OE ↓10 0.125 TCY —ns

160 TadZ2oeL AD High-Z to OE ↓ (bus release to OE)0——ns

161 ToeH2adD OE ↑ to AD Driven 0.125 TCY – 5 — — ns

162 TadV2oeH LS Data Valid before OE ↑ (data setup time) 20 — — ns

163 ToeH2adl OE ↑ to Data In Invalid (data hold time) 0 — — ns

164 TalH2alL ALE Pulse Width — 0.25 TCY —ns

165 ToeL2oeH OE Pulse Width 0.5 TCY – 5 0.5 TCY —ns

166 TalH2alH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time) — TCY —ns

167 Tacc Address Valid to Data Valid 0.75 TCY – 25 — — ns

168 To e O E ↓ to Data Valid — 0.5 TCY – 25 ns

169 TalL2oeH ALE ↓ to OE ↑0.625 TCY – 10 — 0.625 TCY + 10 ns

171 TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE ↓0.25 TCY – 20 — — ns

171A TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active — — 10 ns

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

OSC1

ALE

Address Data from External

164

166

160

165

161

151 162

163

AD<15:0>

167

168

155

Address

150

A<19:16> Address

169

BA0

171

171A

Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C unless otherwise stated.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-9: PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING DIAGRAM

TABLE 27-11: PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param.

No Symbol Characteristics Min Typ Max Units

150 TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓ (address setup time) 0.25 TCY – 10 — — ns

151 TalL2adl ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid (address hold time) 5 — — ns

153 TwrH2adl WRn ↑ to Data Out Invalid (data hold time) 5 — — ns

154 TwrL WRn Pulse Width 0.5 TCY – 5 0.5 TCY —ns

156 TadV2wrH Data Valid before WRn ↑ (data setup time) 0.5 TCY – 10 — — ns

157 TbsV2wrL Byte Select Valid before WRn ↓

(byte select setup time)

0.25 TCY ——ns

157A TwrH2bsI WRn ↑ to Byte Select Invalid (byte select hold time) 0.125 TCY – 5 — — ns

166 TalH2alH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time) — TCY —ns

171 TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE ↓0.25 T

CY – 20 — — ns

171A TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active — — 10 ns

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

OSC1

ALE

Address Data

156

150

151

153

AD<15:0> Address

WRH or

WRL

UB or

157

154

157A

Address

A<19:16> Address

BA0

166

171

171A

Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C unless otherwise stated.

m. m a P

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-10: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND

POWER-UP TIMER TIMING

TABLE 27-12: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER

AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions

30 TMCLMCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 — — μs

31 TWDT Watchdog Timer Time-out Period

(no postscaler)

3.5 4.1 4.9 ms

32 TOST Oscillation Start-up Timer Period 1024 TOSC — 1024 TOSC —TOSC = OSC1 period

33 TPWRT Power-up Timer Period 57.4 66 77.7 ms

34 TIOZ I/O High-Impedance from MCLR

Low or Watchdog Timer Reset

—2—μs

38 TCSD CPU Start-up Time — 200 — μs

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

PWRT

Time-out

Oscillator

Time-out

Internal

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Reset

I/O pins

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-11: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS

TABLE 27-13: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

40 TT0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns

With prescaler 10 — ns

41 TT0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns

With prescaler 10 — ns

42 TT0P T0CKI Period No prescaler TCY + 10 — ns

With prescaler Greater of:

20 ns or

(TCY + 40)/N

—nsN = prescale

value

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

45 TT1H T13CKI High

Time

Synchronous, no prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns

Synchronous, with prescaler 10 — ns

Asynchronous 30 — ns

46 TT1L T13CKI Low

Time

Synchronous, no prescaler 0.5 TCY + 5 — ns

Synchronous, with prescaler 10 — ns

Asynchronous 30 — ns

47 TT1P T13CKI Input

Period

Synchronous Greater of:

20 ns or

(TCY + 40)/N

—nsN = prescale

value

(1, 2, 4, 8)

Asynchronous 60 — ns

FT1 T13CKI Oscillator Input Frequency Range DC 50 kHz

48 T

CKE2TMRI Delay from External T13CKI Clock Edge to

Timer Increment

2 TOSC 7 TOSC —

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

T0CKI

T1OSO/T13CKI

TMR0 or

TMR1

0 4 + m T 3

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-12: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (INCLUDING ECCP MODULES)

TABLE 27-14: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING ECCP MODULES)

TABLE 27-15: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

50 T

CCL CCPx Input Low

Time

No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns

With prescaler 10 — ns

51 TCCH CCPx Input

High Time

No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns

With prescaler 10 — ns

52 TCCP CCPx Input Period 3 TCY + 40

— ns N = prescale

value (1, 4 or 16)

53 TCCR CCPx Output Fall Time — 25 ns

54 TCCF CCPx Output Fall Time — 25 ns

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

62 TdtV2wrH Data In Valid before WR ↑ or CS ↑ (setup time) 20 — ns

63 TwrH2dtI WR ↑ or CS ↑ to Data–In Invalid (hold time) 20 — ns

64 TrdL2dtV RD ↓ and CS ↓ to Data–Out Valid — 80 ns

65 TrdH2dtI RD ↑ or CS ↓ to Data–Out Invalid 10 30 ns

66 TibfINH Inhibit of the IBF Flag bit being Cleared from

WR ↑ or CS ↑

—3 T

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

CCPx

(Capture Mode)

50 51

CCPx

53 54

(Compare or PWM Mode)

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-13: EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

TABLE 27-16: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0)

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

70 T

SSL2SCH,

SSL2SCL

SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input TCY —ns

73 TDIV2SCH,

TDIV2SCL

Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 20 — ns

73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge

of Byte 2

1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 1)

74 T

SCH2DIL,

SCL2DIL

Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 40 — ns

75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns

76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns

78 T

SCR SCKx Output Rise Time (Master mode) — 25 ns

79 T

SCF SCKx Output Fall Time (Master mode) — 25 ns

80 T

SCH2DOV,

SCL2DOV

SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns

Note 1: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.

SSx

SCKx

(CKP = 0)

SCKx

(CKP = 1)

SDOx

SDIx

71 72

75, 76

MSb LSb

bit 6 - - - - - - 1

MSb In LSb In

bit 6 - - - - 1

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

Kw U / (( 2

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-14: EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

TABLE 27-17: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1)

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

73 TDIV2SCH,

TDIV2SCL

Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 20 — ns

73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge

of Byte 2

1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 1)

74 T

SCH2DIL,

SCL2DIL

Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 40 — ns

75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns

76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns

78 T

SCR SCKx Output Rise Time (Master mode) — 25 ns

79 T

SCF SCKx Output Fall Time (Master mode) — 25 ns

80 TSCH2DOV,

SCL2DOV

SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns

81 TDOV2SCH,

TDOV2SCL

SDOx Data Output Setup to SCKx Edge T

CY —ns

Note 1: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.

SSx

SCKx

(CKP = 0)

SCKx

(CKP = 1)

SDOx

SDIx

71 72

75, 76

MSb

MSb In

bit 6 - - - - - - 1

LSb In

bit 6 - - - - 1

LSb

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-15: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

TABLE 27-18: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING, CKE = 0)

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

70 T

SSL2SCH,

SSL2SCL

SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input TCY —ns

71 T

SCH SCKx Input High Time

(Slave mode)

Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns

71A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)

72 T

SCL SCKx Input Low Time

(Slave mode)

Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns

72A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)

73 TDIV2SCH,

TDIV2SCL

Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 20 — ns

73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 2)

74 TSCH2DIL,

SCL2DIL

Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 40 — ns

75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns

76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns

77 T

SSH2DOZSSx ↑ to SDOx Output High-Impedance 10 50 ns

80 T

SCH2DOV,

SCL2DOV

SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns

83 T

SCH2SSH,

SCL2SSH

SSx ↑ after SCKx Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns

Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.

2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.

SSx

SCKx

(CKP = 0)

SCKx

(CKP = 1)

SDOx

SDI

71 72

75, 76 77

SDIx

MSb LSb

bit 6 - - - - - - 1

MSb In bit 6 - - - - 1 LSb In

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

32 ‘ ‘4—u

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-16: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

TABLE 27-19: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1)

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

70 T

SSL2SCH,

SSL2SCL

SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input TCY —ns

71 T

SCH SCKx Input High Time

(Slave mode)

Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns

71A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)

72 T

SCL SCKx Input Low Time

(Slave mode)

Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns

72A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)

73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 2)

74 T

SCH2DIL,

SCL2DIL

Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 20 — ns

75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns

76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns

77 T

SSH2DOZSSx ↑ to SDOx Output High-Impedance 10 50 ns

80 TSCH2DOV,

SCL2DOV

SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns

82 T

SSL2DOV SDOx Data Output Valid after SSx ↓ Edge — 50 ns

83 T

SCH2SSH,

SCL2SSH

SSx ↑ after SCKx Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns

Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.

2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.

SSx

SCKx

(CKP = 0)

SCKx

(CKP = 1)

SDOx

SDI

71 72

SDIx

75, 76

MSb bit 6 - - - - - - 1 LSb

MSb In bit 6 - - - - 1 LSb In

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

a? «we 7L7 7777777 33‘ a k X 13?}

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-17: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING

TABLE 27-20: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)

FIGURE 27-18: I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

90 T

SU:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — ns Only relevant for Repeated

Start condition

Setup Time 400 kHz mode 600 —

91 THD:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — ns After this period, the first

clock pulse is generated

Hold Time 400 kHz mode 600 —

92 TSU:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — ns

Setup Time 400 kHz mode 600 —

93 THD:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — ns

Hold Time 400 kHz mode 600 —

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

SCLx

SDAx

Start

Condition

Stop

Condition

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

91 92

100

101

103

106 107

109 109

110

102

SCLx

SDAx

Out

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-21: I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

100 THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 4.0 — μs

400 kHz mode 0.6 — μs

MSSP Module 1.5 TCY —

101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — μs

400 kHz mode 1.3 — μs

MSSP Module 1.5 TCY —

102 TRSDAx and SCLx Rise Time 100 kHz mode — 1000 ns

400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns CB is specified to be from

10 to 400 pF

103 TFSDAx and SCLx Fall Time 100 kHz mode — 300 ns

400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns CB is specified to be from

10 to 400 pF

90 TSU:STA Start Condition Setup Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — μs Only relevant for Repeated

Start condition

400 kHz mode 0.6 — μs

91 THD:STA Start Condition Hold Time 100 kHz mode 4.0 — μs After this period, the first clock

pulse is generated

400 kHz mode 0.6 — μs

106 THD:DAT Data Input Hold Time 100 kHz mode 0 — ns

400 kHz mode — 0.9 μs

107 TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time 100 kHz mode 250 — ns (Note 2)

400 kHz mode — — ns

92 TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — μs

400 kHz mode 0.6 — μs

109 TAA Output Valid from Clock 100 kHz mode — 3500 ns (Note 1)

400 kHz mode — — ns

110 TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — μs Time the bus must be free

before a new transmission can

start

400 kHz mode — — μs

D102 CBBus Capacitive Loading — 400 pF

Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region (min. 300 ns)

of the falling edge of SCLx to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.

2: A Fast mode I2C™ bus device can be used in a Standard mode I2C bus system, but the requirement, TSU:DAT ≥250 ns,

must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal.

If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDAx line,

TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the Standard mode I2C bus specification), before the SCLx

line is released.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-19: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING WAVEFORMS

TABLE 27-22: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS

FIGURE 27-20: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

90 TSU:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns Only relevant for

Repeated Start

condition

Setup Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

91 THD:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns After this period, the

first clock pulse is

generated

Hold Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

92 TSU:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns

Setup Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

93 THD:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns

Hold Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —

Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

91 93

SCLx

SDAx

Start

Condition

Stop

Condition

90 92

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

90 91 92

100

101

103

106 107

109 109 110

102

SCLx

SDAx

Out

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-23: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

100 THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

102 TRSDAx and SCLx

Rise Time

100 kHz mode — 1000 ns CB is specified to be from

10 to 400 pF

400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns

1 MHz mode(1) — 300 ns

103 TFSDAx and SCLx

Fall Time

100 kHz mode — 300 ns CB is specified to be from

10 to 400 pF

400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns

1 MHz mode(1) — 100 ns

90 T

SU:STA Start Condition

Setup Time

100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms Only relevant for

Repeated Start

condition

400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

91 THD:STA Start Condition

Hold Time

100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms After this period, the first

clock pulse is generated

400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

106 THD:DAT Data Input

Hold Time

100 kHz mode 0 — ns

400 kHz mode 0 0.9 ms

1 MHz mode(1) ——ns

107 TSU:DAT Data Input

Setup Time

100 kHz mode 250 — ns (Note 2)

400 kHz mode 100 — ns

1 MHz mode(1) ——ns

92 TSU:STO Stop Condition

Setup Time

100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms

109 TAA Output Valid

from Clock

100 kHz mode — 3500 ns

400 kHz mode — 1000 ns

1 MHz mode(1) ——ns

110 TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — ms Time the bus must be free

before a new transmission

can start

400 kHz mode 1.3 — ms

1 MHz mode(1) ——ms

D102 CBBus Capacitive Loading — 400 pF

Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.

2: A Fast mode I2C bus device can be used in a Standard mode I2C bus system, but parameter #107 ≥250 ns

must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the

SCLx signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must output the next data

bit to the SDAx line, parameter #102 + parameter #107 = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (for 100 kHz mode), before

the SCLx line is released.

SYNC XMIT MASTER and SLAVE SYNC RCV MASTER and SLAVE

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

FIGURE 27-21: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

TABLE 27-24: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS

FIGURE 27-22: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

TABLE 27-25: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

120 T

CKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (MASTER and SLAVE)

Clock High to Data Out Valid — 40 ns

121 TCKRF Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time (Master mode) — 20 ns

122 TDTRF Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time — 20 ns

Param.

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

125 TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (MASTER and SLAVE)

Data Hold before CKx ↓ (DTx hold time) 10 — ns

126 TCKL2DTL Data Hold after CKx ↓ (DTx hold time) 15 — ns

121 121

120 122

TXx/CKx

RXx/DTx

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

125

126

TXx/CKx

RXx/DTx

Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-26: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)

FIGURE 27-23: A/D CONVERSION TIMING

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions

A01 NRResolution — — 10 bit ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V

A03 EIL Integral Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V

A04 EDL Differential Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V

A06 EOFF Offset Error — — <±3 LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V

A07 EGN Gain Error — — <±3 LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V

A10 — Monotonicity Guaranteed(1) —VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF

A20 ΔVREF Reference Voltage Range

(VREFH – VREFL)

2.0

—

VDD < 3.0V

VDD ≥ 3.0V

A21 VREFH Reference Voltage High VSS —VREFH V

A22 VREFL Reference Voltage Low VSS – 0.3V — VDD – 3.0V V

A25 VAIN Analog Input Voltage VREFL —VREFH V

A30 ZAIN Recommended Impedance of

Analog Voltage Source

——2.5kΩ

A50 IREF VREF Input Current(2) —

—

150

μA

During VAIN acquisition.

During A/D conversion

cycle.

Note 1: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.

2: VREFH current is from RA3/AN3/VREF+ pin or VDD, whichever is selected as the VREFH source.

VREFL current is from RA2/AN2/VREF- pin or VSS, whichever is selected as the VREFL source.

131

130

132

BSF ADCON0, GO

A/D CLK

A/D DATA

ADRES

ADIF

SAMPLE

OLD_DATA

SAMPLING STOPPED

DONE

NEW_DATA

(Note 2)

987 21 0

Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts.

This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.

2: This is a minimal RC delay (typically 100 ns), which also disconnects the holding capacitor from the analog input.

. . . . . .

TCY

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

TABLE 27-27: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions

130 TAD A/D Clock Period 0.7 25.0(1) μsTOSC based, VREF ≥ 3.0V

131 TCNV Conversion Time

(not including acquisition time) (Note 2)

11 12 TAD

132 TACQ Acquisition Time (Note 3) 1.4 — μs-40°C to +85°C

135 TSWC Switching Time from Convert → Sample — (Note 4)

136 TDIS Discharge Time 0.2 — μs

Note 1: The time of the A/D clock period is dependent on the device frequency and the TAD clock divider.

2: ADRES registers may be read on the following TCY cycle.

3: The time for the holding capacitor to acquire the “New” input voltage when the voltage changes full scale

after the conversion (VDD to VSS or VSS to VDD). The source impedance (RS) on the input channels is 50Ω.

4: On the following cycle of the device clock.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

MICROCHF Mlcnocnlp 67J 1 T 1 00 O ‘3‘ ’3‘ Mlcnocru: Mlcnocrm: 8F8 NNN

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

28.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION

28.1 Package Marking Information

64-Lead TQFP

XXXXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

Example

18F67J10

-I/PT

0910017

80-Lead TQFP

XXXXXXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

Example

PIC18F87J10

-I/PT

0910017

Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information

Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)

YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)

WW Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)

NNN Alphanumeric traceability code

Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)

*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( )

can be found on the outer packaging for this package.

Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will

be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available

characters for customer-specific information.

‘ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

28.2 Package Details

The following sections give the technical details of the

packages.

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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

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6&! 77..

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9 7&  1+

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NOTE 1 123 NOTE 2

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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

)## !"#$%&

&&255***''54

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

APPENDIX A: MIGRATION

BETWEEN HIGH-END

DEVICE FAMILIES

Devices in the PIC18F87J10 and PIC18F8722 families

are very similar in their functions and feature sets.

However, there are some potentially important differ-

ences which should be considered when migrating an

application across device families to achieve a new

design goal. These are summarized in Table A-1. The

areas of difference which could be a major impact on

migration are discussed in greater detail later in this

section.

TABLE A-1: NOTABLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PIC18F8722 AND PIC18F87J10 FAMILIES

Characteristic PIC18F87J10 Family PIC18F8722 Family

Operating Frequency 40 MHz @ 2.7V 40 MHz @ 4.2V

Supply Voltage 2.0V-3.6V, dual voltage requirement 2.0V-5.5V

Operating Current Low Lower

Program Memory Endurance 1,000 write/erase cycles (typical) 100,000 write/erase cycles (typical)

I/O Sink/Source at 25 mA PORTB and PORTC only All ports

Input Voltage Tolerance on I/O pins 5.5V on digital only pins VDD on all I/O pins

I/O 66 (RA7, RA6, RE3 and RF0

not available)

Pull-ups PORTB, PORTD, PORTE

and PORTJ

PORTB

Oscillator Options Limited options (EC, HS, PLL,

fixed 32 kHz INTRC)

More options (EC, HS, XT, LP, RC,

PLL, flexible INTRC)

Program Memory Retention 20 years (minimum) 40 years (minimum)

Programming Time (Normalized) 2.8 ms/byte (2.8 ms/64-byte block)

15.6 μs/byte (1 ms/64-byte block)

Programming Entry Low Voltage, Key Sequence VPP and LVP

Code Protection Single block, all or nothing Multiple code protection blocks

Configuration Words Stored in last 4 words of

Program Memory space

Stored in Configuration Space,

starting at 300000h

Start-up Time from Sleep 200 µs (typical) 10 µs (typical)

Power-up Timer Always on Configurable

Data EEPROM Not available Available

BOR Simple BOR with Voltage Regulator Programmable BOR

LVD Not available Available

A/D Channels 15 16

A/D Calibration Required Not required

Microprocessor mode (EMB) Not available Available

External Memory Addressing Address shifting available Address shifting not available

In-Circuit Emulation Not available Available

MCLR MCLR

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

A.1 Power Requirement Differences

The most significant difference between the

PIC18F87J10 and PIC18F8722 device families is the

power requirements. PIC18F87J10 devices are

designed on a smaller process; this results in lower

maximum voltage and higher leakage current.

The operating voltage range for PIC18F87J10 devices

is 2.0V to 3.6V. In addition, these devices have split

power requirements: one for the core logic and one for

the I/O. One of the VDD pins is separated for the core

logic supply (VDDCORE). This pin has specific voltage

and capacitor requirements as described in

Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.

A.2 Pin Differences

There are several differences in the pinouts between

the PIC18F87J10 and the PIC18F8722 families:

• Input voltage tolerance

• Output current capabilities

• Available I/O

Pins on the PIC18F87J10 that have digital only input

capability will tolerate voltages up to 5.5V and are thus

tolerant to voltages above VDD. Table 11-1 in

Section 11.0 “I/O Ports” contains the complete list.

In addition to input differences, there are output differ-

ences as well. PIC18F87J10 devices have three

classes of pin output current capability: high, medium

and low. Not all I/O pins can source or sink equal levels

of current. Only PORTB and PORTC support the

25 mA source/sink capability that is supported by all

output pins on the PIC18F8722. Table 11-2 in

Section 11.0 “I/O Ports” contains the complete list of

output capabilities.

There are additional differences in how some pin func-

tions are implemented on PIC18F87J10 devices. First,

the OSC1/OSC2 oscillator pins are strictly dedicated to

the external oscillator function; there is no option to

re-allocate these pins to I/O (RA6 or RA7) as on

PIC18F8722 devices. Second, the MCLR pin is

dedicated only to MCLR and cannot be configured as

an input (RG5). Finally, RF0 does not exist on

PIC18F87J10 devices.

All of these pin differences (including power pin

differences) should be accounted for when making a

conversion between PIC18F8722 and PIC18F87J10

devices.

A.3 Oscillator Differences

PIC18F8722 devices have a greater range of oscillator

options than PIC18F87J10 devices. The latter family is

limited primarily to operating modes that support HS

and EC oscillators.

In addition, the PIC18F87J10 has an internal RC

oscillator with only a fixed 32 kHz output. The higher

frequency RC modes of the PIC18F8722 family are not

available.

Both device families have an internal PLL. For the

PIC18F87J10 family, however, the PLL must be

enabled in software.

The clocking differences should be considered when

making a conversion between the PIC18F8722 and

PIC18F87J10 device families.

A.4 Peripherals

Peripherals must also be considered when making a

conversion between the PIC18F87J10 and the

PIC18F8722 families:

•External Memory Bus: The external memory bus

on the PIC18F87J10 does not support Micro-

controller mode; however, it does support external

address offset.

•A/D Converter: There are only 15 channels on

PIC18F87J10 devices. The converters for these

devices also require a calibration step prior to

normal operation.

•Data EEPROM: PIC18F87J10 devices do not

have this module.

•BOR: PIC18F87J10 devices do not have a

programmable BOR. Simple brown-out capability

is provided through the use of the internal voltage

regulator.

•LVD: PIC18F87J10 devices do not have this

module.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

APPENDIX B: REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (December 2004)

Original data sheet for PIC18F87J10 family devices.

Revision B (July 2005)

Packaging diagrams have been updated. Document

updated from Advanced to Preliminary. Updated all

TBDs in Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.

Edits to text throughout document.

Revision C (December 2005)

Packaging diagrams have been updated. Minor edits to

text throughout document.

Revision D (June 2006)

Electrical characteristics and packaging diagrams have

been updated. Minor edits to text throughout

document.

Revision E (June 2009)

Pin diagrams have been edited to indicate 5.5V tolerant

input pins. Packaging diagrams have been updated.

Section 2.0 “Guidelines for Getting Started with

PIC18FJ Microcontrollers” has been added. Minor text

edits throughout the document.

Revision F (September 2009)

Added Appendix B: “Revision History”.

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

NOTES:

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

INDEX

A/D ................................................................................... 261

A/D Converter Interrupt, Configuring ....................... 265

Acquisition Requirements ........................................ 266

ADCAL Bit ................................................................ 269

ADCON0 Register .................................................... 261

ADCON1 Register .................................................... 261

ADCON2 Register .................................................... 261

ADRESH Register ............................................ 261, 264

ADRESL Register .................................................... 261

Analog Port Pins ...................................................... 148

Analog Port Pins, Configuring .................................. 267

Associated Registers ............................................... 269

Automatic Acquisition Time ...................................... 267

Calculating the Minimum Required

Acquisition Time .............................................. 266

Calibration ................................................................ 269

Configuring the Module ............................................ 265

Conversion Clock (TAD) ........................................... 267

Conversion Requirements ....................................... 383

Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit) .......................... 264

Conversions ............................................................. 268

Converter Characteristics ........................................ 382

Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 269

Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ......................... 180, 268

Use of the ECCP2 Trigger ....................................... 268

Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................. 347

AC (Timing) Characteristics ............................................. 362

Load Conditions for Device Timing

Specifications ................................................... 363

Parameter Symbology ............................................. 362

Temperature and Voltage Specifications ................. 363

Timing Conditions .................................................... 363

ACKSTAT ........................................................................ 229

ACKSTAT Status Flag ..................................................... 229

ADCAL Bit ........................................................................ 269

ADCON0 Register ............................................................ 261

GO/DONE Bit ........................................................... 264

ADCON1 Register ............................................................ 261

ADCON2 Register ............................................................ 261

ADDFSR .......................................................................... 336

ADDLW ............................................................................ 299

ADDULNK ........................................................................ 336

ADDWF ............................................................................ 299

ADDWFC ......................................................................... 300

ADRESH Register ............................................................ 261

ADRESL Register .................................................... 261, 264

Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D.

ANDLW ............................................................................ 300

ANDWF ............................................................................ 301

Assembler

MPASM Assembler .................................................. 344

Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character ......................... 252

Basic Connection Requirements ........................................ 27

Baud Rate Generator ....................................................... 225

BC .................................................................................... 301

BCF .................................................................................. 302

BF .................................................................................... 229

BF Status Flag ................................................................. 229

Block Diagrams

16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 101

16-Bit Byte Write Mode .............................................. 99

16-Bit Word Write Mode .......................................... 100

8-Bit Multiplexed Modes .......................................... 103

A/D ........................................................................... 264

Analog Input Model .................................................. 265

Baud Rate Generator .............................................. 225

Capture Mode Operation ......................................... 171

Comparator Analog Input Model .............................. 275

Comparator I/O Operating Modes ........................... 272

Comparator Output .................................................. 274

Comparator Voltage Reference ............................... 278

Comparator Voltage Reference Output

Buffer Example ................................................ 279

Compare Mode Operation ....................................... 172

Connections for On-Chip Voltage Regulator ........... 288

Device Clock .............................................................. 34

Enhanced PWM Simplified ...................................... 181

EUSART Receive .................................................... 251

EUSART Transmit ................................................... 249

External Power-on Reset Circuit

(Slow VDD Power-up) ........................................ 49

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 290

Generic I/O Port Operation ...................................... 125

Interrupt Logic .......................................................... 110

MSSP (I2C Master Mode) ........................................ 223

MSSP (I2C Mode) .................................................... 203

MSSP (SPI Mode) ................................................... 193

On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................ 47

PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 ................................................... 8

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 ................................................... 9

PLL ............................................................................ 33

PORTD and PORTE (Parallel Slave Port) ............... 148

PWM Operation (Simplified) .................................... 174

Reads from Flash Program Memory ......................... 89

Recommended Minimum Connections ...................... 27

Single Comparator ................................................... 273

Table Read Operation ............................................... 85

Table Write Operation ............................................... 86

Table Writes to Flash Program Memory .................... 91

Timer0 in 16-Bit Mode ............................................. 152

Timer0 in 8-Bit Mode ............................................... 152

Timer1 ..................................................................... 156

Timer1 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 156

Timer2 ..................................................................... 162

Timer3 ..................................................................... 164

Timer3 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 164

Timer4 ..................................................................... 168

Watchdog Timer ...................................................... 287

BN .................................................................................... 302

BNC ................................................................................. 303

BNN ................................................................................. 303

BNOV .............................................................................. 304

BNZ ................................................................................. 304

BOR. See Brown-out Reset.

BOV ................................................................................. 307

BRA ................................................................................. 305

Break Character (12-Bit) Transmit and Receive .............. 254

BRG. See Baud Rate Generator.

Brown-out Reset (BOR) ..................................................... 49

and On-Chip Voltage Regulator .............................. 288

Detecting ................................................................... 49

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

BSF .................................................................................. 305

BTFSC .............................................................................306

BTFSS .............................................................................. 306

BTG .................................................................................. 307

BZ ..................................................................................... 308

C Compilers

MPLAB C18 .............................................................344

MPLAB C30 .............................................................344

Calibration (A/D Converter) .............................................. 269

CALL ................................................................................ 308

CALLW .............................................................................337

Capture (CCP Module) ..................................................... 171

Associated Registers ............................................... 173

CCP Pin Configuration ............................................. 171

CCPRxH:CCPRxL Registers ...................................171

Prescaler ..................................................................171

Software Interrupt .................................................... 171

Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................ 171

Capture (ECCP Module) .................................................. 180

Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ........................................ 169

Capture Mode. See Capture.

CCP Mode and Timer Resources ............................170

CCPRxH Register .................................................... 170

CCPRxL Register ..................................................... 170

Compare Mode. See Compare.

Module Configuration ...............................................170

Timer Interconnect Configurations ........................... 170

Clock Sources .................................................................... 34

Selection and the FOSC2 Configuration Bit ............... 35

Selection Using OSCCON Register ........................... 35

CLRF ................................................................................309

CLRWDT ..........................................................................309

Code Examples

16 x 16 Signed Multiply Routine .............................. 108

16 x 16 Unsigned Multiply Routine .......................... 108

8 x 8 Signed Multiply Routine .................................. 107

8 x 8 Unsigned Multiply Routine .............................. 107

Changing Between Capture Prescalers ................... 171

Computed GOTO Using an Offset Value ................... 65

Erasing Flash Program Memory ................................ 90

Fast Register Stack .................................................... 65

How to Clear RAM (Bank 1) Using

Indirect Addressing ............................................ 78

Implementing a Real-Time Clock Using a

Timer1 Interrupt Service .................................. 159

Initializing PORTA .................................................... 126

Initializing PORTB .................................................... 128

Initializing PORTC .................................................... 131

Initializing PORTD .................................................... 134

Initializing PORTE .................................................... 137

Initializing PORTF .................................................... 140

Initializing PORTG ...................................................142

Initializing PORTH .................................................... 144

Initializing PORTJ .................................................... 146

Loading the SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) Register ............. 196

Reading a Flash Program Memory Word .................. 89

Saving STATUS, WREG and BSR

Registers in RAM ............................................. 124

Writing to Flash Program Memory ............................. 92

Code Protection ............................................................... 281

COMF ............................................................................... 310

Comparator ...................................................................... 271

Analog Input Connection Considerations ................ 275

Associated Registers ............................................... 275

Configuration ........................................................... 272

Effects of a Reset .................................................... 274

Interrupts ................................................................. 274

Operation ................................................................. 273

Operation During Sleep ........................................... 274

Outputs .................................................................... 273

Reference ................................................................ 273

External Signal ................................................ 273

Internal Signal .................................................. 273

Response Time ........................................................ 273

Comparator Specifications ............................................... 361

Comparator Voltage Reference ....................................... 277

Accuracy and Error .................................................. 278

Associated Registers ............................................... 279

Configuring .............................................................. 277

Connection Considerations ...................................... 278

Effects of a Reset .................................................... 278

Operation During Sleep ........................................... 278

Compare (CCP Module) .................................................. 172

Associated Registers ............................................... 173

CCPRx Register ...................................................... 172

Pin Configuration ..................................................... 172

Software Interrupt .................................................... 172

Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................ 172

Compare (ECCP Module) ................................................ 180

Special Event Trigger .............................. 165, 180, 268

Computed GOTO ............................................................... 65

Configuration Bits ............................................................ 281

Configuration Register Protection .................................... 292

Core Features

Easy Migration ............................................................. 6

Expanded Memory ....................................................... 5

Extended Instruction Set ............................................. 5

External Memory Bus .................................................. 5

nanoWatt Technology .................................................. 5

Oscillator Options and Features .................................. 5

CPFSEQ .......................................................................... 310

CPFSGT .......................................................................... 311

CPFSLT ........................................................................... 311

Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonator ................................ 31

Customer Change Notification Service ............................ 405

Customer Notification Service ......................................... 405

Customer Support ............................................................ 405

Data Addressing Modes .................................................... 78

Comparing Addressing Modes with

the Extended Instruction Set Enabled ............... 82

Direct ......................................................................... 78

Indexed Literal Offset ................................................ 81

BSR ................................................................... 83

Instructions Affected .......................................... 81

Mapping Access Bank ....................................... 83

Indirect ....................................................................... 78

Inherent and Literal .................................................... 78

Data Memory ..................................................................... 68

Access Bank .............................................................. 71

Bank Select Register (BSR) ...................................... 68

Extended Instruction Set ........................................... 81

General Purpose Registers ....................................... 71

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Memory Maps

PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 Devices ................ 69

PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 Devices ........................... 70

Special Function Registers ................................ 72

Special Function Registers ........................................ 72

DAW ................................................................................. 312

DC Characteristics ........................................................... 358

Power-Down and Supply Current ............................ 351

Supply Voltage ......................................................... 350

DCFSNZ .......................................................................... 313

DECF ............................................................................... 312

DECFSZ ........................................................................... 313

Development Support ...................................................... 343

Device Overview .................................................................. 5

Details on Individual Family Members ......................... 6

Features (64-Pin Devices) ........................................... 7

Features (80-Pin Devices) ........................................... 7

Direct Addressing ............................................................... 79

ECCP

Associated Registers ............................................... 192

Capture and Compare Modes .................................. 180

Enhanced PWM Mode ............................................. 181

Standard PWM Mode ............................................... 180

Effect on Standard PIC MCU Instructions ........................ 340

Effects of Power-Managed Modes on

Various Clock Sources ............................................... 37

Electrical Characteristics .................................................. 347

Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) .................... 177

Capture Mode. See Capture (ECCP Module).

ECCP1/ECCP3 Outputs and

Program Memory Mode ................................... 178

ECCP2 Outputs and Program

Memory Modes ................................................ 178

Outputs and Configuration ....................................... 178

Pin Configurations for ECCP1 ................................. 179

Pin Configurations for ECCP2 ................................. 179

Pin Configurations for ECCP3 ................................. 180

PWM Mode. See PWM (ECCP Module).

Timer Resources ...................................................... 178

Use of CCP4/CCP5 with ECCP1/ECCP3 ................ 178

Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter (EUSART). See EUSART.

ENVREG Pin .................................................................... 288

Equations

A/D Acquisition Time ................................................ 266

A/D Minimum Charging Time ................................... 266

Errata ................................................................................... 4

EUSART

Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 249

12-Bit Break Transmit and Receive ................. 254

Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 252

Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 250

Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break ......................... 252

Receiver ........................................................... 251

Setting Up 9-Bit Mode with Address Detect ..... 251

Transmitter ....................................................... 249

Baud Rate Generator

Operation in Power-Managed Mode ................ 243

Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ................................... 243

Associated Registers ....................................... 244

Auto-Baud Rate Detect .................................... 247

Baud Rate Error, Calculating ........................... 244

Baud Rates, Asynchronous Modes ................. 245

High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) ................. 243

Sampling ......................................................... 243

Synchronous Master Mode ...................................... 255

Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 257

Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 256

Reception ........................................................ 257

Transmission ................................................... 255

Synchronous Slave Mode ........................................ 258

Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 259

Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 258

Reception ........................................................ 259

Transmission ................................................... 258

Extended Instruction Set

ADDFSR .................................................................. 336

ADDULNK ............................................................... 336

CALLW .................................................................... 337

MOVSF .................................................................... 337

MOVSS .................................................................... 338

PUSHL ..................................................................... 338

SUBFSR .................................................................. 339

SUBULNK ................................................................ 339

External Clock Input (EC Modes) ...................................... 32

External Memory Bus ........................................................ 95

16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 101

16-Bit Byte Write Mode .............................................. 99

16-Bit Data Width Modes ........................................... 98

16-Bit Mode Timing ................................................. 102

16-Bit Word Write Mode .......................................... 100

8-Bit Mode ............................................................... 103

8-Bit Mode Timing ................................................... 104

Address and Data Line Usage (table) ....................... 97

Address and Data Width ............................................ 97

Address Shifting ........................................................ 97

Control ....................................................................... 96

I/O Port Functions ...................................................... 95

Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 105

Program Memory Modes ........................................... 98

Extended Microcontroller ................................... 98

Microcontroller ................................................... 98

Wait States ................................................................ 98

Weak Pull-ups on Port Pins ....................................... 98

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 281, 290

Interrupts in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 291

POR or Wake-up from Sleep ................................... 291

WDT During Oscillator Failure ................................. 290

Fast Register Stack ........................................................... 65

Firmware Instructions ...................................................... 293

Flash Configuration Words .............................................. 281

Flash Program Memory ..................................................... 85

Associated Registers ................................................. 93

Control Registers ....................................................... 86

EECON1 and EECON2 ..................................... 86

TABLAT (Table Latch) Register ........................ 88

TBLPTR (Table Pointer) Register ...................... 88

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Erase Sequence ........................................................ 90

Erasing ....................................................................... 90

Operation During Code-Protect ................................. 93

Reading ......................................................................89

Table Pointer

Boundaries Based on Operation ........................ 88

Table Pointer Boundaries .......................................... 88

Table Reads and Table Writes .................................. 85

Write Sequence ......................................................... 91

Writing ........................................................................ 91

Unexpected Termination ....................................93

Write Verify ........................................................ 93

FSCM. See Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.

GOTO ............................................................................... 314

Hardware Multiplier ..........................................................107

Introduction .............................................................. 107

Operation .................................................................107

Hardware Various Multiply

Performance Comparisons ......................................107

I/O Ports ...........................................................................125

Pin Capabilities ........................................................ 125

I2C Mode (MSSP)

Acknowledge Sequence Timing ............................... 232

Associated Registers ............................................... 238

Baud Rate Generator ............................................... 225

Bus Collision

During a Repeated Start Condition .................. 236

During a Stop Condition ................................... 237

Clock Arbitration .......................................................226

Clock Stretching ....................................................... 218

10-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) ............. 218

10-Bit Slave Transmit Mode ............................. 218

7-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) ............... 218

7-Bit Slave Transmit Mode ............................... 218

Clock Synchronization and the CKP bit ................... 219

Effects of a Reset ..................................................... 233

General Call Address Support ................................. 222

I2C Clock Rate w/BRG ............................................. 225

Master Mode ............................................................ 223

Operation ......................................................... 224

Reception ......................................................... 229

Repeated Start Condition Timing ..................... 228

Start Condition Timing ..................................... 227

Transmission .................................................... 229

Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision

and Arbitration .................................................. 233

Multi-Master Mode ................................................... 233

Operation .................................................................209

Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ............... 209, 211

Registers .................................................................. 203

Serial Clock (RC3/SCKx/SCLx) ...............................211

Slave Mode .............................................................. 209

Addressing ....................................................... 209

Reception ......................................................... 211

Transmission .................................................... 211

Sleep Operation ....................................................... 233

Stop Condition Timing ..............................................232

INCF .................................................................................314

INCFSZ ............................................................................ 315

In-Circuit Debugger .......................................................... 292

In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ...................... 281, 292

Indexed Literal Offset Addressing

and Standard PIC18 Instructions ............................. 340

Indexed Literal Offset Mode ............................................. 340

Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 79

INFSNZ ............................................................................ 315

Initialization Conditions for all Registers ...................... 53–57

Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 66

Clocking Scheme ....................................................... 66

Flow/Pipelining ........................................................... 66

Instruction Set .................................................................. 293

ADDLW .................................................................... 299

ADDWF .................................................................... 299

ADDWF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .................... 341

ADDWFC ................................................................. 300

ANDLW .................................................................... 300

ANDWF .................................................................... 301

BC ............................................................................ 301

BCF ......................................................................... 302

BN ............................................................................ 302

BNC ......................................................................... 303

BNN ......................................................................... 303

BNOV ...................................................................... 304

BNZ ......................................................................... 304

BOV ......................................................................... 307

BRA ......................................................................... 305

BSF .......................................................................... 305

BSF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .......................... 341

BTFSC ..................................................................... 306

BTFSS ..................................................................... 306

BTG ......................................................................... 307

BZ ............................................................................ 308

CALL ........................................................................ 308

CLRF ....................................................................... 309

CLRWDT ................................................................. 309

COMF ...................................................................... 310

CPFSEQ .................................................................. 310

CPFSGT .................................................................. 311

CPFSLT ................................................................... 311

DAW ........................................................................ 312

DCFSNZ .................................................................. 313

DECF ....................................................................... 312

DECFSZ .................................................................. 313

Extended Instructions .............................................. 335

Considerations when Enabling ........................ 340

Syntax .............................................................. 335

Use with MPLAB IDE Tools ............................. 342

General Format ........................................................ 295

GOTO ...................................................................... 314

INCF ........................................................................ 314

INCFSZ .................................................................... 315

INFSNZ .................................................................... 315

IORLW ..................................................................... 316

IORWF ..................................................................... 316

LFSR ....................................................................... 317

MOVF ...................................................................... 317

MOVFF .................................................................... 318

MOVLB .................................................................... 318

MOVLW ................................................................... 319

MOVWF ................................................................... 319

MULLW .................................................................... 320

MULWF .................................................................... 320

NEGF ....................................................................... 321

NOP ......................................................................... 321

Opcode Field Descriptions ....................................... 294

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

POP ......................................................................... 322

PUSH ....................................................................... 322

RCALL ..................................................................... 323

RESET ..................................................................... 323

RETFIE .................................................................... 324

RETLW .................................................................... 324

RETURN .................................................................. 325

RLCF ........................................................................ 325

RLNCF ..................................................................... 326

RRCF ....................................................................... 326

RRNCF .................................................................... 327

SETF ........................................................................ 327

SETF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) ........................ 341

SLEEP ..................................................................... 328

Standard Instructions ............................................... 293

SUBFWB .................................................................. 328

SUBLW .................................................................... 329

SUBWF .................................................................... 329

SUBWFB .................................................................. 330

SWAPF .................................................................... 330

TBLRD ..................................................................... 331

TBLWT ..................................................................... 332

TSTFSZ ................................................................... 333

XORLW .................................................................... 333

XORWF .................................................................... 334

INTCON Register

RBIF Bit .................................................................... 128

INTCON Registers ........................................................... 111

Inter-Integrated Circuit. See I2C.

Internal Oscillator Block ..................................................... 34

Internal RC Oscillator

Use with WDT .......................................................... 287

Internal Voltage Reference Specifications ....................... 361

Internet Address ............................................................... 405

Interrupt Sources ............................................................. 281

A/D Conversion Complete ....................................... 265

Capture Complete (CCP) ......................................... 171

Compare Complete (CCP) ....................................... 172

Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) .............................. 128

TMR0 Overflow ........................................................ 153

TMR1 Overflow ........................................................ 155

TMR2 to PR2 Match (PWM) .................................... 181

TMR3 Overflow ................................................ 163, 165

TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 168

TMR4 to PR4 Match (PWM) .................................... 167

Interrupts .......................................................................... 109

During Context Saving ............................................. 124

INTx Pin ................................................................... 124

PORTB, Interrupt-on-Change .................................. 124

TMR0 ....................................................................... 124

Interrupts, Flag Bits

Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag (RBIF Bit) ..... 128

IORLW ............................................................................. 316

IORWF ............................................................................. 316

IPR Registers ................................................................... 120

LFSR ................................................................................ 317

Master Clear (MCLR) ......................................................... 49

Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). See MSSP.

Memory Organization ......................................................... 59

Data Memory ............................................................. 68

Program Memory ....................................................... 59

Memory Programming Requirements .............................. 360

Microchip Internet Web Site ............................................. 405

MOVF .............................................................................. 317

MOVFF ............................................................................ 318

MOVLB ............................................................................ 318

MOVLW ........................................................................... 319

MOVSF ............................................................................ 337

MOVSS ............................................................................ 338

MOVWF ........................................................................... 319

MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................. 344

MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger .................................. 345

MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal

In-Circuit Emulator ................................................... 345

MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment Software ............................................. 343

MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer ................................... 345

MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System ............... 345

MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ............... 344

MSSP

ACK Pulse ....................................................... 209, 211

Control Registers (general) ..................................... 193

I2C Mode. See I2C Mode.

Module Overview ..................................................... 193

SPI Master/Slave Connection .................................. 197

TMR4 Output for Clock Shift .................................... 168

MULLW ............................................................................ 320

MULWF ............................................................................ 320

NEGF ............................................................................... 321

NOP ................................................................................. 321

Notable Differences Between PIC18F8722

and PIC18F87J10 Families ..................................... 391

Oscillator Options .................................................... 392

Peripherals .............................................................. 392

Power Requirements ............................................... 392

Oscillator Configuration ..................................................... 31

EC .............................................................................. 31

ECPLL ....................................................................... 31

HS .............................................................................. 31

HS Modes .................................................................. 31

HSPLL ....................................................................... 31

INTRC ........................................................................ 31

Oscillator Selection .......................................................... 281

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ......................................... 37

Oscillator Switching ........................................................... 34

Oscillator Transitions ......................................................... 35

Oscillator, Timer1 ..................................................... 155, 165

Oscillator, Timer3 ............................................................. 163

Packaging ........................................................................ 385

Details ...................................................................... 386

Marking .................................................................... 385

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) ................................................. 148

Associated Registers ............................................... 150

PORTD .................................................................... 148

RE0/RD Pin ............................................................. 148

RE1/WR Pin ............................................................ 148

RE2/CS Pin ............................................................. 148

Select (PSPMODE Bit) ............................................ 148

PICSTART Plus Development Programmer .................... 346

PIE Registers ................................................................... 117

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

Pin Functions

AVDD .......................................................................... 16

AVDD .......................................................................... 25

AVSS .......................................................................... 16

AVSS .......................................................................... 25

ENVREG .............................................................. 16, 25

MCLR ................................................................... 10, 17

OSC1/CLKI .......................................................... 10, 17

OSC2/CLKO ........................................................ 10, 17

RA0/AN0 .............................................................. 10, 17

RA1/AN1 .............................................................. 10, 17

RA2/AN2/VREF- .................................................... 10, 17

RA3/AN3/VREF+ ................................................... 10, 17

RA4/T0CKI ........................................................... 10, 17

RA5/AN4 .............................................................. 10, 17

RB0/INT0/FLT0 .................................................... 11, 18

RB1/INT1 ............................................................. 11, 18

RB2/INT2 ............................................................. 11, 18

RB3/INT3 ...................................................................11

RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A .............................................. 18

RB4/KBI0 ............................................................. 11, 18

RB5/KBI1 ............................................................. 11, 18

RB6/KBI2/PGC .................................................... 11, 18

RB7/KBI3/PGD .................................................... 11, 18

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI ...........................................12, 19

RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A ...................................... 12, 19

RC2/ECCP1/P1A ................................................. 12, 19

RC3/SCK1/SCL1 ................................................. 12, 19

RC4/SDI1/SDA1 .................................................. 12, 19

RC5/SDO1 ........................................................... 12, 19

RC6/TX1/CK1 ...................................................... 12, 19

RC7/RX1/DT1 ...................................................... 12, 19

RD0/AD0/PSP0 .......................................................... 20

RD0/PSP0 .................................................................. 13

RD1/AD1/PSP1 .......................................................... 20

RD1/PSP1 .................................................................. 13

RD2/AD2/PSP2 .......................................................... 20

RD2/PSP2 .................................................................. 13

RD3/AD3/PSP3 .......................................................... 20

RD3/PSP3 .................................................................. 13

RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2 ............................................... 20

RD4/PSP4/SDO2 ....................................................... 13

RD5/AD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2 ...................................... 20

RD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2 .............................................. 13

RD6/AD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2 ..................................... 20

RD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2 ............................................. 13

RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2 .................................................. 20

RD7/PSP7/SS2 ..........................................................13

RE0/AD8/RD/P2D ......................................................21

RE0/RD/P2D ..............................................................14

RE1/AD9/WR/P2C .....................................................21

RE1/WR/P2C ............................................................. 14

RE2/AD10/CS/P2B .................................................... 21

RE2/CS/P2D .............................................................. 14

RE3/AD11/P3C .......................................................... 21

RE3/P3C .................................................................... 14

RE4/AD12/P3B .......................................................... 21

RE4/P3B .................................................................... 14

RE5/AD13/P1C .......................................................... 21

RE5/P1C .................................................................... 14

RE6/AD14/P1B .......................................................... 21

RE6/P1B .................................................................... 14

RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A .............................................21

RE7/ECCP2/P2A ....................................................... 14

RF1/AN6/C2OUT ................................................. 15, 22

RF2/AN7/C1OUT ................................................. 15, 22

RF3/AN8 .............................................................. 15, 22

RF4/AN9 .............................................................. 15, 22

RF5/AN10/CVREF ................................................ 15, 22

RF6/AN11 ............................................................ 15, 22

RF7/SS1 .............................................................. 15, 22

RG0/ECCP3/P3A ................................................. 16, 23

RG1/TX2/CK2 ...................................................... 16, 23

RG2/RX2/DT2 ...................................................... 16, 23

RG3/CCP4/P3D ................................................... 16, 23

RG4/CCP5/P1D ................................................... 16, 23

RH0/A16 .................................................................... 24

RH1/A17 .................................................................... 24

RH2/A18 .................................................................... 24

RH3/A19 .................................................................... 24

RH4/AN12/P3C .......................................................... 24

RH5/AN13/P3B .......................................................... 24

RH6/AN14/P1C .......................................................... 24

RH7/AN15/P1B .......................................................... 24

RJ0/ALE .................................................................... 25

RJ1/OE ...................................................................... 25

RJ2/WRL ................................................................... 25

RJ3/WRH ................................................................... 25

RJ4/BA0 .................................................................... 25

RJ5/CE ...................................................................... 25

RJ6/LB ....................................................................... 25

RJ7/UB ...................................................................... 25

VDD ............................................................................ 16

VDD ............................................................................ 25

VDDCORE/VCAP ..................................................... 16, 25

VSS ............................................................................ 16

VSS ............................................................................ 25

Pinout I/O Descriptions

PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 ................................................. 10

PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 ................................................. 17

Pins

ENVREG ................................................................... 29

External Oscillator ...................................................... 30

ICSP .......................................................................... 29

Master Clear (MCLR .................................................. 28

Power Supply ............................................................ 28

VCAP/VDDCORE ........................................................... 29

PIR Registers ................................................................... 114

PLL .................................................................................... 33

ECPLL Oscillator Mode ............................................. 33

HSPLL Oscillator Mode ............................................. 33

POP ................................................................................. 322

POR. See Power-on Reset.

PORTA

Associated Registers ............................................... 127

LATA Register ......................................................... 126

PORTA Register ...................................................... 126

TRISA Register ........................................................ 126

PORTB

Associated Registers ............................................... 130

LATB Register ......................................................... 128

PORTB Register ...................................................... 128

RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag (RBIF Bit) ........ 128

TRISB Register ........................................................ 128

PORTC

Associated Registers ............................................... 133

LATC Register ......................................................... 131

PORTC Register ...................................................... 131

RC3/SCKx/SCLx Pin ............................................... 211

TRISC Register ........................................................ 131

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PORTD

Associated Registers ............................................... 136

LATD Register ......................................................... 134

PORTD Register ...................................................... 134

TRISD Register ........................................................ 134

PORTE

Analog Port Pins ...................................................... 148

Associated Registers ............................................... 139

LATE Register .......................................................... 137

PORTE Register ...................................................... 137

PSP Mode Select (PSPMODE Bit) .......................... 148

RE0/RD Pin .............................................................. 148

RE1/WR Pin ............................................................. 148

RE2/CS Pin .............................................................. 148

TRISE Register ........................................................ 137

PORTF

Associated Registers ............................................... 141

LATF Register .......................................................... 140

PORTF Register ...................................................... 140

TRISF Register ........................................................ 140

PORTG

Associated Registers ............................................... 143

LATG Register ......................................................... 142

PORTG Register ...................................................... 142

TRISG Register ........................................................ 142

PORTH

Associated Registers ............................................... 145

LATH Register ......................................................... 144

PORTH Register ...................................................... 144

TRISH Register ........................................................ 144

PORTJ

Associated Registers ............................................... 147

LATJ Register .......................................................... 146

PORTJ Register ....................................................... 146

TRISJ Register ......................................................... 146

Power-Managed Modes ..................................................... 39

and EUSART Operation ........................................... 243

and SPI Operation ................................................... 201

Clock Transitions and Status Indicators ..................... 40

Entering ...................................................................... 39

Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes .................................... 45

By Interrupt ........................................................ 45

By Reset ............................................................ 45

By WDT Time-out .............................................. 45

Without an Oscillator Start-up Delay .................. 45

Idle Modes ................................................................. 43

PRI_IDLE ........................................................... 44

RC_IDLE ............................................................ 45

SEC_IDLE ......................................................... 44

Multiple Sleep Commands ......................................... 40

Run Modes ................................................................. 40

PRI_RUN ........................................................... 40

RC_RUN ............................................................ 42

SEC_RUN .......................................................... 40

Selecting .................................................................... 39

Sleep Mode ................................................................ 43

Summary (table) ........................................................ 39

Power-on Reset (POR) ...................................................... 49

Power-up Delays ................................................................ 37

Power-up Timer (PWRT) ............................................. 37, 50

Time-out Sequence .................................................... 50

Prescaler

Timer2 ...................................................................... 182

Prescaler, Timer0 ............................................................. 153

Prescaler, Timer2 (Timer4) .............................................. 175

PRI_IDLE Mode ................................................................. 44

PRI_RUN Mode ................................................................. 40

Program Counter ............................................................... 63

PCL, PCH and PCU Registers .................................. 63

PCLATH and PCLATU Registers .............................. 63

Program Memory

Extended Instruction Set ........................................... 81

Flash Configuration Words ........................................ 60

Hard Memory Vectors ................................................ 60

Instructions ................................................................ 67

Two-Word .......................................................... 67

Interrupt Vector .......................................................... 60

Look-up Tables .......................................................... 65

Memory Maps ............................................................ 59

Hard Vectors and Configuration Words ............. 60

Modes

Extended Microcontroller ................................... 61

Extended Microcontroller (Address Shifting) ..... 62

Memory Access (table) ...................................... 62

Microcontroller ................................................... 61

Modes (PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15) ................................... 61

Reset Vector .............................................................. 60

Program Verification and Code Protection ...................... 292

Programming, Device Instructions ................................... 293

PSP.See Parallel Slave Port.

Pulse-Width Modulation. See PWM (CCP Module)

and PWM (ECCP Module).

PUSH ............................................................................... 322

PUSH and POP Instructions .............................................. 64

PUSHL ............................................................................. 338

PWM (CCP Module)

Associated Registers ............................................... 176

Duty Cycle ............................................................... 174

Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 175

Operation Setup ...................................................... 175

Period ...................................................................... 174

PR2/PR4 Registers ................................................. 174

TMR2 (TMR4) to PR2 (PR4) Match ........................ 174

TMR2 to PR2 Match ................................................ 181

TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 167

PWM (ECCP Module) ...................................................... 181

CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers .................................. 181

Direction Change in Full-Bridge Output Mode ......... 186

Duty Cycle ............................................................... 182

Effects of a Reset .................................................... 191

Enhanced PWM Auto-Shutdown ............................. 188

Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 182

Full-Bridge Application Example .............................. 186

Full-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 185

Half-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 184

Half-Bridge Output Mode Applications Example ..... 184

Output Configurations .............................................. 182

Output Relationships (Active-High) ......................... 183

Output Relationships (Active-Low) .......................... 183

Period ...................................................................... 181

Programmable Dead-Band Delay ............................ 188

Setup for PWM Operation ....................................... 191

Start-up Considerations ........................................... 189

Q Clock .................................................................... 175, 182

RAM. See Data Memory.

RC_IDLE Mode .................................................................. 45

RC_RUN Mode .................................................................. 42

RCALL ............................................................................. 323

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

RCON Register

Bit Status During Initialization .................................... 52

Reader Response ............................................................ 406

Registers

ADCON0 (A/D Control 0) ......................................... 261

ADCON1 (A/D Control 1) ......................................... 262

ADCON2 (A/D Control 2) ......................................... 263

BAUDCONx (Baud Rate Control) ............................242

CCPxCON (CCPx Control) ......................................169

CCPxCON (ECCPx Control) .................................... 177

CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................ 271

CONFIG1H (Configuration 1 High) .......................... 283

CONFIG1L (Configuration 1 Low) ............................ 283

CONFIG2H (Configuration 2 High) .......................... 284

CONFIG2L (Configuration 2 Low) ............................ 284

CONFIG3H (Configuration 3 High) .......................... 285

CONFIG3L (Configuration 3 Low) ...................... 61, 285

CVRCON (Comparator Voltage

Reference Control) ........................................... 277

DEVID1 (Device ID 1) .............................................. 286

DEVID2 (Device ID 2) .............................................. 286

ECCPxAS (Enhanced CCPx Auto-Shutdown

Control) ............................................................ 189

ECCPxDEL (PWM Dead-Band Delay) ..................... 188

EECON1 (EEPROM Control 1) .................................. 87

INTCON (Interrupt Control) ......................................111

INTCON2 (Interrupt Control 2) ................................. 112

INTCON3 (Interrupt Control 3) ................................. 113

IPR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 1) ........................ 120

IPR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 2) ........................ 121

IPR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 3) ........................ 122

MEMCON (External Memory Bus Control) ................ 96

OSCCON (Oscillator Control) ....................................36

OSCTUNE (PLL Control) ...........................................33

PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) ........................ 117

PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) ........................ 118

PIE3 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 3) ........................ 119

PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 1) ........... 114

PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 2) ........... 115

PIR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 3) ........... 116

PSPCON (Parallel Slave Port Control) .................... 149

RCON (Reset Control) ....................................... 48, 123

RCSTAx (Receive Status and Control) .................... 241

SSPxADD (MSSP1 and MSSP2 Address) .............. 208

SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, I2C Mode) .............. 205

SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, SPI Mode) ............. 195

SSPxCON2 (MSSPx Control 2,

I2C Master Mode) ............................................. 206

SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, I2C Mode) ................... 204

SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, SPI Mode) .................. 194

STATUS .....................................................................77

STKPTR (Stack Pointer) ............................................64

T0CON (Timer0 Control) .......................................... 151

T1CON (Timer1 Control) .......................................... 155

T2CON (Timer2 Control) .......................................... 161

T3CON (Timer3 Control) .......................................... 163

T4CON (Timer4 Control) .......................................... 167

TXSTAx (Transmit Status and Control) ................... 240

WDTCON (Watchdog Timer Control) ....................... 287

RESET ............................................................................. 323

Reset ................................................................................. 47

Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................. 47

MCLR Reset, During Power-Managed Modes .......... 47

MCLR Reset, Normal Operation ................................ 47

Power-on Reset (POR) .............................................. 47

RESET Instruction ..................................................... 47

Stack Full Reset ......................................................... 47

Stack Underflow Reset .............................................. 47

Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset .................................. 47

Resets .............................................................................. 281

Brown-out Reset (BOR) ........................................... 281

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................... 281

Power-on Reset (POR) ............................................ 281

Power-up Timer (PWRT) ......................................... 281

RETFIE ............................................................................ 324

RETLW ............................................................................ 324

RETURN .......................................................................... 325

Return Address Stack ........................................................ 63

Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) ........................................ 64

RLCF ............................................................................... 325

RLNCF ............................................................................. 326

RRCF ............................................................................... 326

RRNCF ............................................................................ 327

SCKx ................................................................................ 193

SDIx ................................................................................. 193

SDOx ............................................................................... 193

SEC_IDLE Mode ............................................................... 44

SEC_RUN Mode ................................................................ 40

Serial Clock, SCKx .......................................................... 193

Serial Data In (SDIx) ........................................................ 193

Serial Data Out (SDOx) ................................................... 193

Serial Peripheral Interface. See SPI Mode.

SETF ................................................................................ 327

Slave Select (SSx) ........................................................... 193

SLEEP ............................................................................. 328

Sleep

OSC1 and OSC2 Pin States ...................................... 37

Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ................................... 344

Special Event Trigger. See Compare (ECCP Module).

Special Features of the CPU ........................................... 281

SPI Mode (MSSP) ........................................................... 193

Associated Registers ............................................... 202

Bus Mode Compatibility ........................................... 201

Clock Speed, Interactions ........................................ 201

Effects of a Reset .................................................... 201

Enabling SPI I/O ...................................................... 197

Master Mode ............................................................ 198

Master/Slave Connection ......................................... 197

Operation ................................................................. 196

Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 201

Serial Clock .............................................................. 193

Serial Data In ........................................................... 193

Serial Data Out ........................................................ 193

Slave Mode .............................................................. 199

Slave Select ............................................................. 193

Slave Select Synchronization .................................. 199

SPI Clock ................................................................. 198

SSPxBUF Register .................................................. 198

SSPxSR Register .................................................... 198

Typical Connection .................................................. 197

SSPOV ............................................................................ 229

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

SSPOV Status Flag ......................................................... 229

SSPxSTAT Register

R/W Bit ............................................................. 209, 211

SSx .................................................................................. 193

Stack Full/Underflow Resets .............................................. 65

SUBFSR .......................................................................... 339

SUBFWB .......................................................................... 328

SUBLW ............................................................................ 329

SUBULNK ........................................................................ 339

SUBWF ............................................................................ 329

SUBWFB .......................................................................... 330

SWAPF ............................................................................ 330

Table Pointer Operations (table) ........................................ 88

Table Reads/Table Writes ................................................. 65

TBLRD ............................................................................. 331

TBLWT ............................................................................. 332

Timer0 .............................................................................. 151

Associated Registers ............................................... 153

Operation ................................................................. 152

Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 153

Prescaler .................................................................. 153

Switching Assignment ...................................... 153

Prescaler Assignment (PSA Bit) .............................. 153

Prescaler Select (T0PS2:T0PS0 Bits) ..................... 153

Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer0.

Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode ............................ 152

Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ................................ 152

Source Select (T0CS Bit) ......................................... 152

Timer1 .............................................................................. 155

16-Bit Read/Write Mode ........................................... 157

Associated Registers ............................................... 159

Interrupt .................................................................... 158

Low-Power Option ................................................... 157

Operation ................................................................. 156

Oscillator .......................................................... 155, 157

Layout Considerations ..................................... 158

Oscillator, as Secondary Clock .................................. 34

Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 155

Resetting, Using the ECCP

Special Event Trigger ...................................... 158

Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ................................. 180

TMR1H Register ...................................................... 155

TMR1L Register ....................................................... 155

Use as a Clock Source ............................................ 157

Use as a Real-Time Clock ....................................... 158

Timer2 .............................................................................. 161

Associated Registers ............................................... 162

Interrupt .................................................................... 162

Operation ................................................................. 161

Output ...................................................................... 162

PR2 Register ............................................................ 181

TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt .................................. 181

Timer3 .............................................................................. 163

16-Bit Read/Write Mode ........................................... 165

Associated Registers ............................................... 165

Operation ................................................................. 164

Oscillator .......................................................... 163, 165

Overflow Interrupt ............................................ 163, 165

Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ................................. 165

TMR3H Register ...................................................... 163

TMR3L Register ....................................................... 163

Timer4 ............................................................................. 167

Associated Registers ............................................... 168

MSSP Clock Shift .................................................... 168

Operation ................................................................. 167

Postscaler. See Postscaler, Timer4.

PR4 Register ........................................................... 167

Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer4.

TMR4 Register ........................................................ 167

TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt .......................... 167, 168

Timing Diagrams

A/D Conversion ....................................................... 382

Asynchronous Reception ......................................... 252

Asynchronous Transmission ................................... 250

Asynchronous Transmission (Back to Back) ........... 250

Automatic Baud Rate Calculation ............................ 248

Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During

Normal Operation ............................................ 253

Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Sleep ................... 253

Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration ............ 226

BRG Overflow Sequence ........................................ 248

BRG Reset Due to SDAx Arbitration During

Start Condition ................................................. 235

Bus Collision During a Repeated Start

Condition (Case 1) ........................................... 236

Bus Collision During a Repeated Start

Condition (Case 2) ........................................... 236

Bus Collision During a Start Condition

(SCLx = 0) ....................................................... 235

Bus Collision During a Stop

Condition (Case 1) ........................................... 237

Bus Collision During a Stop

Condition (Case 2) ........................................... 237

Bus Collision During Start Condition

(SDAx Only) ..................................................... 234

Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge .......... 233

Capture/Compare/PWM (Including

ECCP Modules) ............................................... 372

CLKO and I/O .......................................................... 366

Clock Synchronization ............................................. 219

Clock/Instruction Cycle .............................................. 66

EUSART Synchronous Receive

(Master/Slave) ................................................. 381

EUSART Synchronous Transmission

(Master/Slave) ................................................. 381

Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0) ..................... 373

Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1) ..................... 374

Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ....................... 375

Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ....................... 376

External Clock (All Modes Except PLL) ................... 364

External Memory Bus for Sleep

(Extended Microcontroller Mode) ............ 102, 104

External Memory Bus for TBLRD

(Extended Microcontroller Mode) ............ 102, 104

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 291

First Start Bit Timing ................................................ 227

Full-Bridge PWM Output .......................................... 185

Half-Bridge PWM Output ......................................... 184

I2C Acknowledge Sequence .................................... 232

I2C Bus Data ............................................................ 377

I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................ 377

I2C Master Mode (7 or 10-Bit Transmission) ........... 230

I2C Master Mode (7-Bit Reception) ......................... 231

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,

ADMSK = 01001) ............................................. 215

I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) .......... 216

I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) .......... 221

I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Transmission) ..................... 217

I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,

ADMSK = 01011) ............................................. 213

I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) ............ 212

I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) ............ 220

I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Transmission) ....................... 214

I2C Slave Mode General Call Address Sequence

(7 or 10-Bit Addressing Mode) ......................... 222

I2C Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode ........ 232

Master SSP I2C Bus Data ........................................379

Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ........................ 379

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Read ............................... 150

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Write ...............................149

Program Memory Read ............................................ 368

Program Memory Write ............................................ 369

PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 0,

Auto-Restart Disabled) ..................................... 190

PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 1,

Auto-Restart Enabled) ..................................... 190

PWM Direction Change ........................................... 187

PWM Direction Change at Near

100% Duty Cycle ............................................. 187

PWM Output ............................................................ 174

Repeated Start Condition ......................................... 228

Reset, Watchdog Timer (WDT), Oscillator Start-up

Timer (OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) ..... 370

Send Break Character Sequence ............................ 254

Slave Synchronization ............................................. 199

Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD,

VDD Rise > TPWRT) ............................................ 51

SPI Mode (Master Mode) ......................................... 198

SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 0) ........................... 200

SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 1) ........................... 200

Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN) ...... 257

Synchronous Transmission ...................................... 255

Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) .......... 256

Time-out Sequence on Power-up

(MCLR Not Tied to VDD), Case 1 ....................... 50

Time-out Sequence on Power-up

(MCLR Not Tied to VDD), Case 2 ....................... 51

Time-out Sequence on Power-up

(MCLR Tied to VDD, VDD Rise < TPWRT) ...........50

Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock .......................... 371

Transition for Entry to Idle Mode ................................ 44

Transition for Entry to SEC_RUN Mode .................... 41

Transition for Entry to Sleep Mode ............................ 43

Transition for Two-Speed Start-up

(INTRC to HSPLL) ........................................... 289

Transition for Wake From Idle to Run Mode .............. 44

Transition for Wake From Sleep (HSPLL) ................. 43

Transition From RC_RUN Mode to

PRI_RUN Mode .................................................42

Transition from SEC_RUN Mode to

PRI_RUN Mode (HSPLL) .................................. 41

Transition to RC_RUN Mode ..................................... 42

Timing Diagrams and Specifications

AC Characteristics

Internal RC Accuracy ....................................... 365

Capture/Compare/PWM Requirements

(Including ECCP Modules) .............................. 372

CLKO and I/O Requirements ........................... 366, 368

EUSART Synchronous Receive

Requirements .................................................. 381

EUSART Synchronous Transmission

Requirements .................................................. 381

Example SPI Mode Requirements

(Master Mode, CKE = 0) .................................. 373

Example SPI Mode Requirements

(Master Mode, CKE = 1) .................................. 374

Example SPI Mode Requirements

(Slave Mode, CKE = 0) .................................... 375

Example SPI Slave Mode Requirements

(CKE = 1) ......................................................... 376

External Clock Requirements .................................. 364

I2C Bus Data Requirements (Slave Mode) .............. 378

I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements

(Slave Mode) ................................................... 377

Master SSP I2C Bus Data Requirements ................ 380

Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits

Requirements .................................................. 379

Parallel Slave Port Requirements ............................ 372

PLL Clock ................................................................ 365

Program Memory Write Requirements .................... 369

Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up

Timer, Power-up Timer and Brown-out

Reset Requirements ........................................ 370

Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock

Requirements .................................................. 371

Top-of-Stack Access .......................................................... 63

TRISE Register

PSPMODE Bit .......................................................... 148

TSTFSZ ........................................................................... 333

Two-Speed Start-up ................................................. 281, 289

Two-Word Instructions

Example Cases .......................................................... 67

TXSTAx Register

BRGH Bit ................................................................. 243

Unused I/Os ....................................................................... 30

VDDCORE/VCAP Pin .......................................................... 288

Voltage Reference Specifications .................................... 361

Voltage Regulator (On-Chip) ........................................... 288

Watchdog Timer (WDT) ........................................... 281, 287

Associated Registers ............................................... 287

Control Register ....................................................... 287

During Oscillator Failure .......................................... 290

Programming Considerations .................................. 287

WCOL ...................................................... 227, 228, 229, 232

WCOL Status Flag ................................... 227, 228, 229, 232

WWW Address ................................................................ 405

WWW, On-Line Support ...................................................... 4

XORLW ............................................................................ 333

XORWF ........................................................................... 334

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at

www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means

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Technical support is available through the web site

at: http://support.microchip.com

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

READER RESPONSE

It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip prod-

uct. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation

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DS39663FPIC18F87J10 Family

1. What are the best features of this document?

2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?

3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?

4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?

5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?

6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?

7. How would you improve this document?

PART No. v [xx 7’ xxx T

PIC18F87J10 FAMILY

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.

PART NO. X/XX XXX

PatternPackageTemperature

Range

Device

Device PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10(1),

PIC18F85J10/85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10(1),

PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10T(2),

PIC18F85J10/85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10T(2)

Temperature Range I = -40°C to +85°C (Industrial)

Package PT = TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)

Pattern QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements

(blank otherwise)

Examples:

a) PIC18F86J10-I/PT 301 = Industrial temp.,

TQFP package, QTP pattern #301.

b) PIC18F65J15T-I/PT = Tape and reel, Industrial

temp., TQFP package.

Note 1: F = Standard Voltage Range

2: T = in tape and reel

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WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE

03/26/09

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