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RabbitCore RCM2100
C-Programmable Module with Ethernet
User’s Manual
019–0091 • 070831–K
RabbitCore RCM2100
Rabbit Semiconductor Inc.
www.rabbit.com
RabbitCore RCM2100 User’s Manual
Part Number 019-0091 • 070831–K • Printed in U.S.A.
©2001–2007 Rabbit Semiconductor Inc. • All rights reserved.
Rabbit Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes and
improvements to its products without providing notice.
Trademarks
Rabbit and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of Rabbit Semiconductor Inc.
Rabbit 2000 and RabbitCore are trademarks of Rabbit Semiconductor Inc.
No part of the contents of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means
without the express written permission of Rabbit Semiconductor.
Permission is granted to make one or more copies as long as the copyright page contained therein is
included. These copies of the manuals may not be let or sold for any reason without the express written
permission of Rabbit Semiconductor.
The latest revision of this manual is available on the Rabbit Semiconductor Web site,
www.rabbit.com, for free, unregistered download.
User’s Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 RCM2100 Features...............................................................................................................................2
1.2 Advantages of the RCM2100 ...............................................................................................................3
1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools......................................................................................................4
1.3.1 Development Software..................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 Development Kit Contents............................................................................................................4
1.4 How to Use This Manual......................................................................................................................5
1.4.1 Additional Product Information....................................................................................................5
1.4.2 Using Online Documentation........................................................................................................5
Chapter 2. Getting Started 7
2.1 Connections ..........................................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 Attach Module to Prototyping Board............................................................................................8
2.1.2 Connect Programming Cable........................................................................................................9
2.1.3 Connect Power............................................................................................................................10
2.2 Run a Sample Program .......................................................................................................................11
2.2.1 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................11
2.3 Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Technical Support .......................................................................................................................12
Chapter 3. Running Sample Programs 13
3.1 Sample Programs ................................................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Getting to Know the RCM2100..................................................................................................14
3.1.2 Serial Communication.................................................................................................................17
3.1.3 Other Sample Programs ..............................................................................................................18
3.1.4 Sample Program Descriptions.....................................................................................................19
3.1.4.1 FLASHLED.C.................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.4.2 FLASHLEDS.C.................................................................................................................. 20
3.1.4.3 TOGGLELED.C ................................................................................................................ 21
Chapter 4. Hardware Reference 23
4.1 RCM2100 Digital Inputs and Outputs................................................................................................23
4.1.1 Dedicated Inputs .........................................................................................................................28
4.1.2 Dedicated Outputs.......................................................................................................................28
4.1.3 Memory I/O Interface .................................................................................................................28
4.1.4 Additional I/0 ..............................................................................................................................28
4.2 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................29
4.2.1 Serial Ports..................................................................................................................................29
4.2.2 Ethernet Port ...............................................................................................................................29
4.2.3 Programming Port.......................................................................................................................30
4.3 Serial Programming Cable..................................................................................................................32
4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode ....................................................................32
4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM2100......................................................................................33
4.4 Memory...............................................................................................................................................34
4.4.1 SRAM .........................................................................................................................................34
4.4.2 Flash Memory.............................................................................................................................34
4.4.3 Dynamic C BIOS Source Files ...................................................................................................34
RabbitCore RCM2100
4.5 Other Hardware.................................................................................................................................. 35
4.5.1 Clock Doubler ............................................................................................................................ 35
4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader...................................................................................................................... 36
Chapter 5. Software Reference 37
5.1 More About Dynamic C..................................................................................................................... 37
5.1.1 Using Dynamic C ....................................................................................................................... 38
5.1.2 Early Versions of Dynamic C..................................................................................................... 39
5.2 I/O....................................................................................................................................................... 40
5.2.1 PCLK Output.............................................................................................................................. 40
5.3 Serial Communication Drivers........................................................................................................... 41
5.4 TCP/IP Drivers................................................................................................................................... 41
5.5 Upgrading Dynamic C ....................................................................................................................... 42
5.5.1 Upgrades..................................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 6. Using the TCP/IP Features 43
6.1 TCP/IP Connections........................................................................................................................... 43
6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses.........................................................................................................45
6.3 IP Addresses Explained...................................................................................................................... 47
6.4 How IP Addresses are Used............................................................................................................... 48
6.5 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses ........................................................................................ 49
6.6 Placing Your Device on the Network ................................................................................................ 50
6.7 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs.................................................................................................... 51
6.8 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs.............................................................................52
6.8.1 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect.................................................................... 53
6.9 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program................................................................................................ 54
6.10 Running More Sample Programs With Direct Connect................................................................... 54
6.10.1 Sample Program: PINGLED.C ................................................................................................ 54
6.10.2 Sample Program: ETHCORE1.C............................................................................................. 56
6.10.3 Additional Sample Programs.................................................................................................... 57
6.10.4 More Information ..................................................................................................................... 57
6.11 Where Do I Go From Here?............................................................................................................. 58
Appendix A. RabbitCore RCM2100 Specifications 59
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics ........................................................................................ 60
A.1.1 Headers...................................................................................................................................... 63
A.1.2 Physical Mounting..................................................................................................................... 63
A.2 Bus Loading ...................................................................................................................................... 64
A.3 Rabbit 2000 DC Characteristics........................................................................................................ 66
A.4 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit............................................................................................. 67
A.5 Jumper Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 68
A.6 Conformal Coating............................................................................................................................ 70
Appendix B. Prototyping Board 71
B.1 Overview of the Prototyping Board................................................................................................... 72
B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features ....................................................................................................... 73
B.1.2 Prototyping Board Expansion.................................................................................................... 74
B.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Layout ................................................................................................. 75
B.3 Power Supply..................................................................................................................................... 76
B.4 Using the Prototyping Board............................................................................................................. 76
B.4.1 Adding Other Components........................................................................................................ 79
User’s Manual
Appendix C. Power Supply 81
C.1 Power Supplies...................................................................................................................................81
C.1.1 Batteries and External Battery Connections...............................................................................81
C.1.2 Power to VRAM Switch.............................................................................................................83
C.1.3 Reset Generator ..........................................................................................................................83
C.2 Chip Select Circuit.............................................................................................................................84
Appendix D. Sample Circuits 85
D.1 RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication.............................................................................................86
D.2 Keypad and LCD Connections ..........................................................................................................87
D.3 External Memory ...............................................................................................................................88
D.4 D/A Converter....................................................................................................................................89
Index 91
Schematics 93
RabbitCore RCM2100
User’s Manual 1
1. INTRODUCTION
The RabbitCore RCM2100 series is a family of microprocessor
modules designed to be the heart of embedded control systems.
In addition to the array of I/O and addressing available on other
Rabbit Semiconductor products, the RCM2100 series offers an
optional integrated Ethernet port. These modules permit LAN
and Internet-enabled systems to be built as easily as serial com-
munications-only systems.
Throughout this manual, the term RCM2100 refers to the complete series of RCM2100
RabbitCore modules unless other production models are referred to specifically.
The RCM2100 is a microprocessor core module designed to be the heart of your own con-
troller built around the plug-in module. Data processing is done by a Rabbit 2000 micro-
processor operating at 22.1 MHz.
The RCM2100 has a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor, a static RAM, up to two flash memory
chips, two quartz crystals (main oscillator and timekeeping), and the circuitry necessary
for reset and management of battery backup of the Rabbit 2000’s internal real-time clock
and the static RAM. Two 40-pin headers bring out the Rabbit 2000 I/O bus, address lines,
data lines, parallel ports, and serial ports.
The RCM2100 receives its +5 V power from the user board on which it is mounted. The
RCM2100 can interface with all kinds of CMOS-compatible digital devices through the
user board.
2RabbitCore RCM2100
1.1 RCM2100 Features
•Small size: 2.0" × 3.5" × 0.80"
(51 mm × 89 mm × 20 mm)
•Microprocessor: Rabbit 2000 running
at 22.1 MHz
•34 CMOS-compatible parallel I/O lines grouped in five 8-bit ports (shared with serial
ports)
•8 data lines (BD0–BD7)
•13 address lines (BA0–BA12)
•I/0 read, write, buffer enable
•Status, watchdog and clock outputs
•Two startup mode inputs for booting and master/slave configuration
•External reset input
•Reset output
•Five 8-bit timers, two 10-bit timers; five timers are cascadable in pairs
•2 × 256K flash memory, 512K SRAM
•Real-time clock
•Watchdog supervisor
•Provision for customer-supplied backup battery via connections on header J2
•
Four CMOS-compatible serial ports: maximum asynchronous baud rate of 690,625 bps
,
maximum synchronous baud rate of 5.52 Mbps. Two ports are configurable as clocked
ports.
Appendix A, “RabbitCore RCM2100 Specifications,” provides detailed specifications for
the RabbitCore RCM2100 modules.
Four versions of the RabbitCore RCM2100 are available. Their standard features are sum-
marized in Table 1.
Table 1. RCM2100 Production Models
Model Features
RCM2100 Full-featured module including 10/100-compatible
Ethernet port with 10Base-T interface
RCM2110 RCM2100 with 128K SRAM, 256K flash memory
RCM2120 RCM2100 without Ethernet
RCM2130 RCM2110 without Ethernet
User’s Manual 3
1.2 Advantages of the RCM2100
•Fast time to market using a fully engineered, “ready to run” microprocessor core.
•Competitive pricing when compared with the alternative of purchasing and assembling
individual components.
•Easy C-language program development and debugging, including rapid production
loading of programs.
•Generous memory size allows large programs with tens of thousands of lines of code,
and substantial data storage.
•Integrated Ethernet port (on selected models) for network connectivity, royalty-free
TCP/IP software.
•Models with and without Ethernet for flexible production options.
•Small size and identical footprint and pinout for all models.
4RabbitCore RCM2100
1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools
A complete Development Kit, including a Prototyping Board, accessory components and
Dynamic C development software, is available to accompany the RCM2100 module. The
Development Kit puts together the essentials you need to design an embedded micropro-
cessor-based system rapidly and efficiently.
1.3.1 Development Software
The RCM2100 modules use the Dynamic C development environment for rapid creation
and debugging of runtime applications. Dynamic C provides a complete development
environment with integrated editor, compiler and source-level debugger. It interfaces
directly with the target system, eliminating the need for complex and unreliable in-circuit
emulators.
NOTE: The RCM2100 modules require Dynamic C v7.04 or later for development. A
compatible version is included on the Development Kit CD-ROM.
1.3.2 Development Kit Contents
The RCM2100 Development Kit contains the following items:
•RCM2100 module with 10Base-T Ethernet port, 512K flash memory and 512K SRAM.
•RCM2100 Prototyping Board with accessory hardware and components.
•Wall transformer power supply, 12 V DC, 1 A. (Included only with Development Kits
sold for the North American market. Overseas users will have to substitute a power
supply compatible with their local mains power.)
•10-pin header to DB9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.
•Dynamic C CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.
•Getting Started instructions.
•Registration card.
User’s Manual 5
1.4 How to Use This Manual
This user’s manual is intended to give users detailed information on the RCM2100 mod-
ules. It does not contain detailed information on the Dynamic C development environment
or the TCP/IP software support for the integrated Ethernet port. Most users will want more
detailed information on some or all of these topics in order to put the RCM2100 module to
effective use.
1.4.1 Additional Product Information
In addition to the product-specific information contained in the RabbitCore RCM2100
User’s Manual, several higher level reference manuals are provided in HTML and PDF
form on the accompanying CD-ROM. Advanced users will find these references valuable
in developing systems based on the RCM2100 modules:
•Dynamic C User’s Manual
•An Introduction to TCP/IP
•Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual
•Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual
1.4.2 Using Online Documentation
We provide the bulk of our user and reference documentation in two electronic formats,
HTML and Adobe PDF. We do this for several reasons.
We believe that providing all users with our complete library of product and reference
manuals is a useful convenience. However, printed manuals are expensive to print, stock,
and ship. Rather than include and charge for manuals that every user may not want, or pro-
vide only product-specific manuals, we choose to provide our complete documentation
and reference library in electronic form with every Development Kit and with our
Dynamic C development environment.
NOTE: The most current version of Adobe Acrobat Reader can always be downloaded
from Adobe’s web site at http://www.adobe.com. We recommend that you use
version 5.0 or later.
6RabbitCore RCM2100
Providing this documentation in electronic form saves an enormous amount of paper by
not printing copies of manuals that users don’t need. It reduces the number of outdated
manuals we have to discard from stock as well, and it makes providing a complete library
of manuals an almost cost-free option. For one-time or infrequent reference, electronic
documents are more convenient than printed ones—after all, they aren’t taking up shelf or
desk space!
Finding Online Documents
The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the docu-
mentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the
menu. If the icon is missing, use your browser to find and load default.htm in the docs
folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.
The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download
from our Web sites as well.
Printing Electronic Manuals
We recognize that many users prefer printed manuals for some uses. Users can easily print
all or parts of those manuals provided in electronic form. The following guidelines may be
helpful:
•Print from the Adobe PDF versions of the files, not the HTML versions.
•Print only the sections you will need to refer to more than once.
•Print manuals overnight, when appropriate, to keep from tying up shared resources dur-
ing the work day.
•If your printer supports duplex printing, print pages double-sided to save paper and
increase convenience.
•If you do not have a suitable printer or do not want to print the manual yourself, most
retail copy shops (e.g., Kinkos, AlphaGraphics, CopyMax) will print the manual from
the PDF file and bind it for a reasonable charge—about what we would have to charge
for a printed and bound manual.
User’s Manual 7
2. GETTING STARTED
This chapter describes the RCM2100 hardware in more detail,
and explains how to set up and use the accompanying prototyp-
ing and development board.
NOTE: This chapter (and this manual) assume that you have the RabbitCore RCM2100
Development Kit. If you purchased an RCM2100 module by itself, you will have to
adapt the information in this chapter and elsewhere to your test and development setup.
2.1 Connections
There are three steps to connecting the Prototyping Board for use with Dynamic C and the
sample programs:
1. Attach the RCM2100 module to the Prototyping Board.
2. Connect the programming cable between the RCM2100 module and the workstation PC.
3. Connect the power supply to the Prototyping Board.
8RabbitCore RCM2100
2.1.1 Attach Module to Prototyping Board
Turn the RCM2100 module so that the Ethernet connector is on the left, as shown in Figure 1
below. Align the module headers J1 and J2 on the bottom side of the RCM2100 into header
sockets J1 and J3 on the Prototyping Board.
Figure 1. Installing the RCM2100 Module on the Prototyping Board.
Note the orientation of the module.
NOTE: It is important that you line up the RCM2100 pins on headers J1 and J2 exactly
with the corresponding pins of header sockets J1 and J3 on the Prototyping Board. The
header pins may become bent or damaged if the pin alignment is offset, and the module
will not work.
Press the module’s pins firmly into the Prototyping Board header sockets. The installed
module is shown in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2. RCM2100 Installed and Seated on the Prototyping Board
User’s Manual 9
2.1.2 Connect Programming Cable
The programming cable connects the RCM2100 module to the PC running Dynamic C, to
download programs and to monitor the RCM2100 for debugging.
Connect the 10-pin connector of the programming cable labeled PROG to header J5 on
the RCM2100 module as shown in Figure 3 below. Be sure to orient the red edge of the
cable towards pin 1 of the connector. (Do not use the DIAG connector, which is used for a
normal serial connection.)
Figure 3. Attaching Programming Cable to the RCM2100
NOTE: The stripe on the cable is towards pin 1 of the header J5.
Connect the other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC. Make a note
of the port to which you connect the cable, as Dynamic C needs to have this parameter
configured when it is installed.
NOTE: COM 1 is the default port used by Dynamic C.
NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use
an RS-232/USB converter (Part No. 540-0070) with the programming cable supplied
with the RCM2100 Development Kit. Note that not all RS-232/USB converters work
with Dynamic C.
Note Pin 1 Indicator
10 RabbitCore RCM2100
2.1.3 Connect Power
When all other connections have been made, you can connect power to the RCM2100 Pro-
totyping Board.
Hook the connector from the wall transformer to header J5 on the Prototyping Board as
shown in Figure 4 below. The connector may be attached either way as long as it is not
offset to one side.
Figure 4. Power Supply Connections to Prototyping Board
Plug in the wall transformer. The power LED on the Prototyping Board should light up.
The RCM2100 and the Prototyping Board are now ready to be used.
NOTE: A RESET button is provided on the Prototyping Board to allow hardware reset
without disconnecting power.
To power down the Prototyping Board, unplug the power connector from J5. You should
disconnect power before making any circuit adjustments in the prototyping area, changing
any connections to the board, or removing the RCM2100 module from the Prototyping
Board.
User’s Manual 11
2.2 Run a Sample Program
Once the RCM2100 is connected as described in the preceding pages, start Dynamic C by
double-clicking on the Dynamic C icon or by double-clicking on dcrab_XXXX.exe in
the Dynamic C root directory, where XXXX are version-specific characters. Dynamic C
uses the serial port specified during installation.
If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the RCM2100 module, choose
Options > Project Options and select “Use USB to Serial Converter” under the
Communications tab.
Find the file PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C SAMPLES folder. To run the program,
open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), then compile and run it by pressing F9 or
by selecting Run in the Run menu. The STDIO window will open and will display a small
square bouncing around in a box.
2.2.1 Troubleshooting
If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communi-
cation error message when you compile and load the sample program, it is possible that
your PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum
download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.
•Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >
Communications menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.
If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can
begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud
rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.
•Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >
Communications menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.
If there are any other problems:
•Check to make sure you are using the PROG connector, not the DIAG connector, on the
programming cable.
•Check both ends of the programming cable to ensure that they are firmly plugged into
the PC and the programming port on the RCM2100.
•Ensure that the RCM2100 module is firmly and correctly installed in its connectors on
the Prototyping Board.
•Select a different COM port within Dynamic C. From the Options menu, select
Project Options, then select Communications. Select another COM port from the list,
then click OK. Press <Ctrl-Y> to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C
still reports it is unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate
the active COM port.
12 RabbitCore RCM2100
2.3 Where Do I Go From Here?
If everything appears to be working, we recommend the following sequence of action:
1. Run all of the sample programs described in Chapter 4 to get a basic familiarity with
Dynamic C and the RabbitCore module’s capabilities.
2. For further development, refer to the RabbitCore RCM2100 User’s Manual for details
of the module’s hardware and software components.
A documentation icon should have been installed on your workstation’s desktop; click
on it to reach the documentation menu. You can create a new desktop icon that points to
default.htm in the docs folder in the Dynamic C installation folder.
3. For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C User’s Manual and the
Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual, also in the online documentation set.
2.3.1 Technical Support
NOTE: If you purchased your RCM2100 through a distributor or through a Rabbit Semi-
conductor partner, contact the distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
•Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
•Check the Rabbit Semiconductor Technical Bulletin Board at
www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.
•Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
User’s Manual 13
3. RUNNING SAMPLE PROGRAMS
To develop and debug programs for the RCM2100 (and for all other
Rabbit Semiconductor hardware), you must install and use Dynamic C.
Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing embed-
ded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is designed for
use with Rabbit Semiconductor single-board computers and other
single-board computers based on the Rabbit microprocessor. This
chapter takes you through the installation of Dynamic C, and then
provides a tour of the sample programs for the RCM2100.
3.1 Sample Programs
To help familiarize you with the RCM2100 modules, several sample Dynamic C programs
have been included. Loading, executing and studying these programs will give you a solid
hands-on overview of the RCM2100’s capabilities, as well as a quick start with Dynamic C
as an application development tool. These programs are intended to serve as tutorials, but
then can also be used as starting points or building blocks for your own applications.
NOTE: It is assumed in this section that you have at least an elementary grasp of ANSI C.
If you do not, see the introductory pages of the Dynamic C User’s Manual for a sug-
gested reading list.
Each sample program has comments that describe the purpose and function of the program.
Before running any of these sample programs, make sure that your RCM2100 is connected
to the Prototyping Board and to your PC as described in Section 2.1, “Connections.” To
run a sample program, open it with the File menu (if it is not already open), then compile
and run it by pressing F9 or by selecting Run in the Run menu.
Sample programs are provided in the Dynamic C
SAMPLES
folder. Two folders contain
sample programs that illustrate features unique to the RabbitCore RCM2100.
•RCM2100—Demonstrates the basic operation and the Ethernet functionality of the Rab-
bitCore RCM2100.
•TCPIP—Demonstrates more advanced TCP/IP programming for Rabbit Semiconduc-
tor’s Ethernet-enabled Rabbit-based boards.
Complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
14 RabbitCore RCM2100
3.1.1 Getting to Know the RCM2100
The following sample programs can be found in the SAMPLES\RCM2100 folder.
•EXTSRAM.C—demonstrates the setup and simple addressing to an external SRAM.
This program first maps the external SRAM to the I/O Bank 7 register with a maximum
of 15 wait states, chip select strobe (PE7), and allows writes. The first 256 bytes of
SRAM are cleared and read back. Values are then written to the same area and are read
back. The Dynamic C STDIO window will indicate if writes and reads did not occur
Connect an external SRAM as shown below before you run this sample program.
•FLASHLED.C—repeatedly flashes LED DS3 on the Prototyping Board on and off.
LED DS3 is controlled by Parallel Port A bit 1 (PA1).
•FLASHLED2.C—repeatedly flashes LED DS3 on the Prototyping Board on and off.
LED DS3 is controlled by Parallel Port A bit 1 (PA1).
This sample program also shows the use of the runwatch() function to allow
Dynamic C to update watch expressions while running. The following steps explain
how to do this.
1. Add a watch expression for "k" in the Inspect > Add Watch dialog box.
2. Click "Add" or "Add to top" so that it will be in the watch list permanently.
3. Click OK to close the dialog box.
4. Press <Ctrl+U> while the program is running. This will update the watch window.
RCM2100
Core Module
8K × 8
SRAM
D0D7
PE7
/IOR
/IOW
A0A12 BA0BA12
BD0BD7
/WE
/OE
/CE
10 kW
Vcc
User’s Manual 15
•FLASHLEDS.C—demonstrates the use of coding with assembly instructions, cofunc-
tions, and costatements to flash LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board on and
off. LEDs DS2 and DS3 are controlled by Parallel Port A bit 0 (PA0) and Parallel Port
A bit 1 (PA1).Once you have compile this program and it is running, LEDs DS2 and
DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.
•FLASHLEDS2.C—demonstrates the use of cofunctions and costatements to flash LEDs
DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board on and off. LEDs DS2 and DS3 are controlled
by Parallel Port A bit 0 (PA0) and Parallel Port A bit 1 (PA1).Once you have compile
this program and it is running, LEDs DS2 and DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.
•KEYLCD2.C—demonstrates a simple setup for a 2 × 6 keypad and a 2 × 20 LCD.
Connect the keypad to Parallel Ports B, C, and D.
PB0—Keypad Col 0
PC1—Keypad Col 1
PB2—Keypad Col 2
PB3—Keypad Col 3
PB4—Keypad Col 4
PB5—Keypad Col 5
PD1—Keypad Row 0
PD2—Keypad Row 1
Connect the LCD to Parallel Port A.
)PA0—backlight (if connected
PA1—LCD /CS
PA2—LCD RS (High = Control,
Low = Data) / LCD Contrast 0
PA3—LCD /WR/ LCD Contrast 1
PA4—LCD D4 / LCD Contrast 2
PA5—LCD D5 / LCD Contrast 3
PA6—LCD D6 / LCD Contrast 4
PA7—LCD D7 / LCD Contrast 5
Once the connections have been made and the sample program isrunning, the LCD will
display two rows of 6 dots, each dot representing the corresponding key. When a key is
pressed, the corresponding dot will become an asterisk.
PB2
PB0
PB3
PB4
PB5
PC1
VCC
10 kW
resistors
RCM2100
Prototyping Board
J2
J4
34
5
1
6
26
35
34
PD2
PD1
Keypad
Col 1
Row 0
Row 1
NC
NC
Col 0
Col 2
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
7
8
9
10
PA2
PA1
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
VLC
20 kW
10 kW
4.7 kW
2.2 kW
1 kW
470 W
680 W
100 nF
3
6
4
5
11
12
13
14
2
RCM2100
Prototyping Board
J4 10
98
76
54
2x20 LCD
/CS
RS
/WR
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
D1
D2
D3
VLC
VCC
16 RabbitCore RCM2100
•LCD_DEMO.C—demonstrates a simple setup for an LCD that uses the HD44780 con-
troller or an equivalent.
Connect the LCD to the RCM2100 address and data lines on the Prototyping Board.
BD0—DB0
BD1—DB1
BD2—DB2
BD3—DB3
BD4—DB4
BD5—DB5
BD6—DB6
BD7—DB7
BA0—RS (Register Select: 0 = command, 1 = data)
BA1—R/W (0=write, 1=read)
*—E (normally low: latches on high-to-low transition)
•SWTEST.C—demonstrates the use of pushbutton switches S2 and S3 to toggle LEDs
DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board on and off.
Parallel Port A bit 0 = LED DS2
Parallel Port A bit 1 = LED DS3
Parallel Port B bit 2 = switch S2
Parallel Port B bit 3 = switch S3
•TOGGLELED.C—demonstrates the use of costatements to detect switch presses using
the press-and-release method of debouncing. As soon as the sample program starts run-
ning, LED DS3 on the Prototyping Board (which is controlled by PA1) starts flashing
once per second. Press switch S2 on the Prototyping Board (which is connected to PB2)
to toggle LED DS2 on the Prototyping Board (which is controlled by PA0). The push-
button switch is debounced by the software.
RCM2100
Prototyping Board
2x20 LCD
E
BD0BD7
DB0DB7
25
/PE0
37
/BIOR
36
/BIOW
2x20 LCD
E
BD0BD7
DB0DB7
24
/PE1
BD7BD0 are pins 1017
on header J2
HEADER J2:
BA1BA0 are pins 2324
on header J4
BA0BA1 BA0BA1
Development Kit as shown in the diagram. The Dynamic C STDIO window will display the error sequence. TxE User’s Manual
User’s Manual 17
3.1.2 Serial Communication
The following sample programs can be found in the SAMPLES\RCM2100 folder.
•CORE_FLOWCONTROL.C—This program demonstrates hardware flow control by con-
figuring Serial Port C (PC3/PC2) for CTS/RTS with serial data coming from TxB at
115,200 bps. One character at a time is received and is displayed in the STDIO window.
To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie PC4 and PC5
(TxB and RxB) together at header J4, and you will also tie PC2 and
PC3 (TxC and RxC) together using the jumpers supplied in the Devel-
opment Kit as shown in the diagram.
A repeating triangular pattern should print out in the STDIO window.
The program will periodically switch flow control on or off to demonstrate the effect of
no flow control.
Refer to the serBflowcontrolOn() function call in the Dynamic C Function Refer-
ence Manual for a general description on how to set up flow control lines.
•CORE_PARITY.C—This program demonstrates the use of parity modes by repeatedly
sending byte values 0–127 from Serial Port B to Serial Port C. The program will switch
between generating parity or not on Serial Port B. Serial Port C will always be checking
parity, so parity errors should occur during every other sequence.
To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie PC4 and PC3
(TxB and RxC) together at header J4 using the jumpers supplied in the
Development Kit as shown in the diagram.
The Dynamic C STDIO window will display the error sequence.
Two sample programs, CORE_FLOW-
CONTROL.C and CORE_PARITY.C,
are available to illustrate RS-232
communication. To run these sample
programs, you will have to add an
RS-232 transceiver such as the
MAX232 at location U2 and four
100 nF capacitors at C3–C6 on the
Prototyping Board. Also install the 2
× 5 IDC header included with the
Prototyping Board accessory parts at
J6 to interface the RS-232 signals.
The diagram shows the connections.
MAX232
100 nF
storage
capacitors
J6
RxC TxC
GND
TxB RxB
J6
RxC TxC
GND
TxB RxB
18 RabbitCore RCM2100
Two sample programs, MASTER2.C
and SLAVE2.C, are available to illus-
trate RS-485 master/slave communica-
tion. To run these sample programs,
you will need a second Rabbit-based
system with RS-485, and you will also
have to add an RS-485 transceiver
such as the SP483E and bias resistors
to the Prototyping Board.
The diagram shows the connections.
You will have to connect PC0 and PC1
(Serial Port D) on the Prototyping Board to the RS-485 transceiver, and you will connect
PD0 to the RS-485 transceiver to enable or disable the RS-485 transmitter.
The RS-485 connections between the slave and master devices are as follows.
• RS485+ to RS485+
• RS485– to RS485–
• GND to GND
•MASTER2.C—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a slave RCM2100. The slave will send back converted upper case letters back
to the master RCM2100 and display them in the STDIO window. Use SLAVE2.C to
program the slave RCM2100.
•SLAVE2.C—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a master RCM2100. The slave will send back converted upper case letters
back to the master RCM2100 and display them in the STDIO window. Use MASTER2.C
to program the master RCM2100.
3.1.3 Other Sample Programs
Section 6.7 covers how to run the TCP/IP sample programs, which are then described in
detail.
681 W
220 W
681 W
485+
485
A
B
termi-
nation
bias
bias
Vcc
PC0
PC1
PD0
DI
RO
DE
/RE
Vcc
RS-485
CHIP
47 kW
User’s Manual 19
3.1.4 Sample Program Descriptions
3.1.4.1 FLASHLED.C
This program is about as simple as a Dynamic C application can get—the equivalent of
the traditional “Hello, world!” program found in most basic programming tutorials. If you
are familiar with ANSI C, you should have no trouble reading through the source code and
understanding it.
The only new element in this sample application should be Dynamic C’s handling of the
Rabbit microprocessor’s parallel ports. The program:
4. Initializes the pins of Port A as outputs.
5. Sets all of the pins of Port A high, turning off the attached LEDs.
6. Starts an endless loop with a for(;;) expression, and within that loop:
• Writes a bit to turn bit 1 off, lighting LED DS3;
• Waits through a delay loop;
• Writes a bit to turn bit 1 on, turning off the LED;
• Waits through a second delay loop;
These steps repeat as long as the program is allowed to run.
You can change the flash rate of the LED by adjusting the loop values in the two for
expressions. The first loop controls the LED’s “off” time; the second loop controls its “on”
time.
NOTE: Since the variable j is defined as type int, the range for j must be between 0
and 32767. To permit larger values and thus longer delays, change the declaration of j
to unsigned int or long.
More Information
See the section on primitive data types, and the entries for the library functions
WrPortI( ) and BitWrPortI( ) in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
20 RabbitCore RCM2100
3.1.4.2 FLASHLEDS.C
In addition to Dynamic C’s implementation of C-language programming for embedded
systems, it supports assembly-language programming for very efficient processor-level
control of the module hardware and program flow. This application is similar to
FLASHLED.C and TOGGLELEDS.C, but uses assembly language for the low-level port
control within cofunctions, another powerful multitasking tool.
Dynamic C permits the use of assembly language statements within C code. This program
creates three functions using assembly language statements, then creates a C cofunction to
call two of them. That cofunction is then called within main().
Within each of the C-like functions, the #asm and #endasm directives are used to indicate
the beginning and end of the assembly language statements.
In the function initialize_ports( ), port A is initialized to be all outputs while bit 0
of port E is initialized to be an output.
In the function ledon(), a 0 is written to the port A bit corresponding to the desired LED
(0, which equals DS3, or 1 which equals DS4), turning that LED on. The ledoff( )
function works exactly the same way except that a 1 is written to the bit, turning the
selected LED off.
Finally, in the cofunction flashled(), the LED to be flashed, the on time in millisec-
onds, and the off time in milliseconds are passed as arguments. This function uses an end-
less for(;;) loop to call the ledon() and ledoff() functions, separated by calls to
the wait function DelayMs(). This sequence will make the indicated LED flash on and
off.
As is proper in C program design, the contents of main() are almost trivial. The program
first calls initialize_ports(), then begins an endless for(;;) loop. Within this
loop, the program:
1. Calls the library function hitwd(), which resets the microprocessor’s watchdog timer.
(If the watchdog timer is not reset every so often, it will force a hard reset of the sys-
tem. The purpose is to keep an intermittent program or hardware fault from locking up
the system. Normally, this function is taken care of by the virtual driver, but it is called
explicitly here).
2. Sets up a costatement which calls two instances of the flashled() function, one for
each LED. Note that one LED is flashed one second on, one-half second (500 ms) off,
while the other is flashed in the reverse pattern.
Note also the wfd keyword in the costatement. This keyword (an abbreviation for wait-
fordone, which can also be used) must be used when calling cofunctions. For a complete
explanation, see Section 5 and 6 in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
More Information
See the entries for the hitwd() and DelayMs() functions in the Dynamic C User’s
Manual, as well as those for the directives #asm and #endasm. For a complete explana-
User’s Manual 21
tion of how Dynamic C handles multitasking with costatements and cofunctions, see
Chapter 5, “Multitasking with Dynamic C,” and Chapter 6, “The Virtual Driver,” in the
Dynamic C User’s Manual.
3.1.4.3 TOGGLELED.C
One of Dynamic C’s unique and powerful aspects is its ability to efficiently multitask
using cofunctions and costatements. This simple application demonstrates how these pro-
gram elements work.
This sample program uses two costatements to set up and manage the two tasks. Costate-
ments must be contained in a loop that will “tap” each of them at regular intervals. This
program:
1. Initializes the pins of Port A as outputs.
2. Sets all the pins of Port A high, turning off the attached LEDs.
3. Sets the toggled LED status variable vswitch to 0 (LED off).
4. Starts an endless loop using a while(1) expression, and within that loop:
• Executes a costatement that flashes LED DS3;
• Executes a costatement that checks the state of switch S2 and toggles the state of
vswitch if it is pressed;
• Turns LED DS2 on or off, according to the state of vswitch.
These steps repeat as long as the program is allowed to run.
The first costatement is a compressed version of FLASHLED.c, with slightly different
flash timing. It also uses the library function DelayMs() to deliver more accurate timing
than the simple delay loops of the previous program.
The second costatement does more than check the status of S2. Switch contacts often
“bounce” open and closed several times when the switch is actuated, and each bounce can
be interpreted by fast digital logic as an independent press. To clean up this input, the code
in the second costatement “debounces” the switch signal by waiting 50 milliseconds and
checking the state of the switch again. If it is detected as being closed both times, the pro-
gram considers it a valid switch press and toggles vswitch.
Unlike most C statements, the two costatements are not executed in their entirety on each
iteration of the while(1) loop. Instead, the list of statements within each costatement is
initiated on the first loop, and then executed one “slice” at a time on each successive inter-
ation. This mode of operation is known as a state machine, a powerful concept that per-
mits a single processor to efficiently handle a number of independent tasks.
The ability of Dynamic C to manage state machine programs enables you to create very
powerful and efficient embedded systems with much greater ease than other programming
methods.
More Information
See the entries for the DelayMs() function, as well as Section 5, “Multitasking with
Dynamic C,” in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
22 RabbitCore RCM2100
II
User’s Manual 23
4. HARDWARE REFERENCE
Chapter 3 describes the hardware components and principal
hardware subsystems of the RabbitCore RCM2100. Appendix A,
“RabbitCore RCM2100 Specifications,” provides complete
physical and electrical specifications.
4.1 RCM2100 Digital Inputs and Outputs
Figure 5 shows the subsystems designed into the RCM2100 modules.
Figure 5. Rabbit Subsystems
R
ABBIT
2000
Port A Port B Port D
Port E
PA0PA7 PB0
PB5
PB6
PB7
4x CMOS
synchronous/
asynchronous
PE0PE7
PD0PD7
BA0BA12
IORD
IOWR
BUFEN
BD0BD7
PCLK
RESET
WDO Data Lines
Address Lines
Misc. Outputs
I/O Control
Watchdog
7 Timers
Clock Doubler
Slave Port
Real-Time Clock
RAM Backup Battery
Support Flash
Serial Ports
(Port C)
Programming
Port
PD4PD7
PE2, PE6
Ethernet:
ununnununnunnununnun uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuul
24 RabbitCore RCM2100
The RCM2100 has 40 parallel I/O lines grouped in five 8-bit ports available on headers J1
and J2. The 24 bidirectional I/O lines are located on pins PA0–PA7, PD0–PD7, and PE0–
PE7. The pinouts for headers J1 and J2 are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. RCM2100 I/O Pinouts
The ports on the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor used in the RCM2100 are configurable, and
so the factory defaults can be reconfigured. Table 2 lists the Rabbit 2000 factory defaults
and the alternate configurations.
As shown in Table 2, pins PA0–PA7 can be used to allow the Rabbit 2000 to be a slave to
another processor. PE0, PE1, PE4, and PE5 can be used as external interrupts INT0A,
INT1A, INT0B, and INT1B. Pins PB0 and PB1 can be used to access the clock on Serial
Port B and Serial Port A of the Rabbit microprocessor. Pins PD4 and PD6 can be pro-
grammed to be optional serial outputs for Serial Ports B and A. PD5 and PD7 can be used
as alternate serial inputs by Serial Ports B and A.
The Ethernet-enabled versions of the RCM2100 do not have 0 Ω resistors (jumpers)
installed at R21, R24, and R35–R38, which allows PE6, PE2, and PD4–PD7 to connect to
the RealTek Ethernet chip that is stuffed on those versions.
GND
PA7
PA5
PA3
PA1
BA12
BA10
BA8
BA6
BA4
BA2
BA0
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7-RXA
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
VCC
PCLK
PA6
PA4
PA2
PA0
BA11
BA9
BA7
BA5
BA3
BA1
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6-TXA
PD0
PD2
PD4
PD6
J1
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
BD6
BD4
BD2
BD0
PE6
PE4
PE2
PE0
VCC
VRAM
SMODE1
/RESET
STATUS
/BIORD
GND
PB1-CLKA
PB3
PB5
PB7
BD7
BD5
BD3
BD1
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
VBAT
/WDO
SMODE0
/RES_IN
/BIOWR
/BBUFEN
VCC
J2
Note: These pinouts are as seen on
the Bottom Side of the module.
User’s Manual 25
Table 2. RCM2100 Pinout Configurations
Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes
Header J1
1VCC
2GND
3 PCLK Output (Internal Clock) Output Turned off in software
4–11 PA[7:0] Parallel I/O Slave port data bus
SD0–SD7
12–24 BA[12:0] Output Buffered Rabbit 2000
address bus
25 PC0 Output TXD
26 PC1 Input RXD
27 PC2 Output TXC
28 PC3 Input RXC
29 PC4 Output TXB
30 PC5 Input RXB
31 PC6 Output TXA Connected to programming
port
32 PC7 Input RXA
33–36 PD[0:3]
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O, can be
driven or open-drain
output
16 mA sourcing and sinking
current at full AC switching
speed
37 PD4 ATXB output Ethernet chip RSTDRV
38 PD5 ARXB input Ethernet chip BD5
39 PD6 ATXA output Ethernet chip BD6
40 PD7 ARXA input Ethernet chip BD7
26 RabbitCore RCM2100
Header J2
1 PB0 Input Serial port clock
CLKB
2 PB1 Input Serial port clock
CLKA
CLKA is connected to
programming port (header
J5, pin 3)
3 PB2 Input Slave port write /SWR
4 PB3 Input Slave port read /SRD
5 PB4 Input SA0 Slave port address lines
6 PB5 Input SA1
7 PB6 Output
8 PB7 Output Slave port attention
line /SLAVEATTN
9, 26, 39 GND
10–17 BD[7:0] Input/Output Buffered Rabbit 2000 data
bus
18 PE7
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O
I7 output or slave port
chip select /SCS
19 PE6 I6 output Ethernet chip IOWB
20 PE5 I5 output or INT1B
input
21 PE4 I4 output or INT0B
input
22 PE3 I3 output
23 PE2 I2 output Ethernet chip IORB
24 PE1 I1 output or INT1A
input
25 PE0 I0 output or INT0A
input
27, 40 VCC
28 VBAT 3 V battery input
29 VRAM 2.1 V output 100 µA maximum current
draw
30 /WDO Output (Watchdog output) May also be used to
output a 30 µs pulse Outputs a pulse when the
internal watchdog times out
Table 2. RCM2100 Pinout Configurations (continued)
Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes
User’s Manual 27
Header J2
31–32 SMODE1,
SMODE0
(0,0)—start executing at
address zero No programming cable
attached
SMODE0 =1, SMODE1
= 1
Cold boot from
asynchronous serial port
A at 2400 bps
(programming cable
connected)
(0,1)—cold boot from
slave port
(1,0)—cold boot from
clocked serial port A
With programming cable
attached
33 /RESET Reset output
34 /RES_IN Reset input
35 STATUS Output (Status) Output
36 /BIOWR Output (I/O buffer write
strobe)
37 /BIORD Output (I/O buffered
strobe)
38 /BUFEN Output (I/O buffer enable)
Table 2. RCM2100 Pinout Configurations (continued)
Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes
28 RabbitCore RCM2100
4.1.1 Dedicated Inputs
PB0 and PB1 are designated as inputs because the Rabbit 2000 is operating in an asyn-
chronous mode. Four of the input-only pins are located on PB2–PB5. These pins are used
for the slave port. PB2 and PB3 are slave write and slave read strobes, while PB4 and PB5
serve as slave address lines SA0 and SA1, and are used to access the slave registers (SD0–
SD7), which is the alternate assignment for parallel port A. When Port C is
used as a paral-
lel port, PC1, PC3, PC5, and PC7 are inputs only. These pins can alternately
be selectively
enabled to serve as the serial data inputs for Serial Ports D, C, B, and A.
4.1.2 Dedicated Outputs
Two of the output-only pins are located on PB6–PB7. PB7 can also be used with the slave port as the
/SLAVEATTN output. This configuration signifies that the slave is requesting attention from the
master. When Port C is used as a parallel port, PC0, PC2, PC4 and PC6 are outputs only. These pins
can alternately serve as the serial data outputs for Serial Ports D, C, B, and A.
4.1.3 Memory I/O Interface
Thirteen of the Rabbit 2000 buffered address lines (A0–A12) and all the buffered data
lines (D0–D7) are available as outputs. I/0 write (/IOWR), I/0 read (/IORD), buffer enable
(/BUFEN), and Watchdog Output (/WDO) are also available for interfacing to external
devices.
The STATUS output has three different programmable functions:
1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.
2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.
3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output.
The output clock is available on the PCLK pin. The primary function of PCLK is as a
peripheral clock or a peripheral clock ÷ 2, but PCLK can instead be used as a digital out-
put. PCLK can also be disabled by removing R20 if there is a need to reduce radiated
emissions. Removing R20 will disable the PCLK output on pin 3 of header J1. Alterna-
tively, PCLK can be disabled in software using Dynamic C version 7.03 or later.
4.1.4 Additional I/0
Two status mode pins, SMODE0 and SMODE1, are available as inputs. The logic state of
these two pins determines the startup procedure after a reset.
/RES_IN is an external input used to reset the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor and the Rabbit-
Core RCM2100 memory. /RES_OUT is an output from the reset circuitry that can be used
to reset other peripheral devices.
f fl-flgfl
User’s Manual 29
4.2 Serial Communication
The RCM2100 board does not have an RS-232 or an RS-485 transceiver directly on the
board. However, an RS-232 or RS-485 interface may be incorporated on the board the
RCM2100 is mounted on. For example, the Prototyping Board supports a standard
RS-232 transceiver chip.
4.2.1 Serial Ports
There are four serial ports designated as Serial Ports A, B, C, and D. All four serial ports
can operate in an asynchronous mode up to the baud rate of the system clock divided by
32. An asynchronous port can handle 7 or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an
additional bit is sent to mark the first byte of a message, is also supported. Serial Ports A
and B can be operated alternately in the clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock line
synchronously clocks the data in or out. Either of the two communicating devices can sup-
ply the clock. When the Rabbit 2000 provides the clock, the baud rate can be up to 1/4 of
the system clock frequency, or 5.52 Mbps for a 22.1 MHz clock speed.
4.2.2 Ethernet Port
Figure 7 shows the pinout for the RJ-45 Ethernet port (J4). Note that there are two stan-
dards for numbering the pins on this connector—the convention used here, and numbering
in reverse to that used here.
Figure 7. RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout
The transformer/connector assembly ground is con-
nected to the RCM2100 printed circuit board digital
ground via a 0 Ω resistor “jumper,” R5, as shown in
Figure 8.
The factory default is for the 0 Ω resistor “jumper” at
R5 to be installed. In high-noise environments, it may
be useful to ground the transformer/connector assem-
bly directly through the chassis ground. This will be
especially helpful to minimize EMI problems. Figure 8. Isolation Resistor R5
ETHERNET
RJ-45 Plug
1. E_Tx+
2. E_Tx
3. E_Rx+
6. E_Rx
18
RJ-45 Jack
RJ-45 Ethernet Plug
R5
Chassis
Ground
Board
Ground
30 RabbitCore RCM2100
Once you have removed the 0 Ω resistor “jumper,” R5, use a screw in the position indicated
in Figure 9 to attach the RCM2100 board to the chassis ground, thereby grounding the trans-
former/connector assembly.
Figure 9. R5 and Chassis Ground Locations
The RCM2100 is available in quantity without the transformer/connector assembly and
the ACT and LNK LEDs (shown to the right of the transformer/connector assembly in
Figure 9 above) installed. The Ethernet signals and the LED control signals are then avail-
able on header J3 installed on the bottom side of the board for this option, and J3 may then
be plugged in to the rest of the system. An Ethernet transformer and LEDs should be
included on the board that the modified RCM2100 is plugged into.
NOTE: Contact your Rabbit Semiconductor Sales Representative for quantity and pricing
information related to this option.
4.2.3 Programming Port
The RCM2100 has a 10-pin program header labeled J5. The programming port uses the
Rabbit 2000’s Serial Port A for communication. Dynamic C uses the programming port to
download and debug programs.
The programming port is also used for the following operations.
•Cold-boot the Rabbit 2000 after a reset.
•Remotely download and debug a program over an Ethernet connection using the
RabbitLink EG2110.
•Fast copy designated portions of flash memory from one Rabbit-based board (the
master) to another (the slave) using the Rabbit Cloning Board.
Resistor
R5
Insert screw with ring
terminal and ground
other end of wire to
chassis
User’s Manual 31
Alternate Uses of the Serial Programming Port
All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as
•a synchronous serial port
•an asynchronous serial port, with the clock line usable as a general CMOS input
The serial programming port may also be used as a serial port via the DIAG connector on
the serial programming cable.
In addition to Serial Port A, the Rabbit 2000 startup-mode (SMODE0, SMODE1), status,
and reset pins are available on the serial programming port.
The two startup mode pins determine what happens after a reset—the Rabbit 2000 is
either cold-booted or the program begins executing at address 0x0000. These two
SMODE pins can be used as general inputs once the cold boot is complete.
The status pin is used by Dynamic C to determine whether a Rabbit microprocessor is
present. The status output has three different programmable functions:
1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.
2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.
3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output.
The /RESET_IN pin is an external input that is used to reset the Rabbit 2000 and the
onboard peripheral circuits on the RabbitCore module. The serial programming port can be
used to force a hard reset on the RabbitCore module by asserting the /RESET_IN signal.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information..
32 RabbitCore RCM2100
4.3
Serial Programming Cable
The programming cable is used to connect the RCM2100’s programming port to a PC
serial COM port. The programming cable converts the RS-232 voltage levels used by the
PC serial port to the TTL voltage levels used by the Rabbit 2000.
When the PROG connector on the programming cable is connected to the RCM2100’s
programming header, programs can be downloaded and debugged over the serial interface.
The DIAG connector of the programming cable may be used on the RCM2100’s program-
ming header with the RCM2100 operating in the Run Mode. This allows the programming
port to be used as a regular serial port.
4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode
The RCM2100 is automatically in Program Mode when the PROG connector on the
programming cable is attached to the RCM2100, and is automatically in Run Mode when
no programming cable is attached. When the Rabbit 2000 is reset, the operating mode is
determined by the status of the SMODE pins. When the programming cable’s PROG
connector is attached, the SMODE pins are pulled high, placing the Rabbit 2000 in the
Program Mode. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is not attached, the
SMODE pins are pulled low, causing the Rabbit 2000 to operate in the Run Mode.
Figure 10. Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode
A program “runs” in either mode, but can only be downloaded and debugged when the
RCM2100 module is in the Program Mode.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information on the pro-
gramming port and the programming cable.
RESET RabbitCore when changing mode:
Press RESET button (if using Prototyping Board), OR
Cycle power off/on
after removing or attaching programming cable.
To PC COM port
Run Mode
Program Mode
User’s Manual 33
4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM2100
The RCM2100 must be programmed via the RCM2100 Prototyping Board or via a similar
arrangement on a customer-supplied board. Once the RCM2100 has been programmed
successfully, remove the programming cable from the programming connector and reset
the RCM2100. The RCM2100 may be reset by cycling the power off/on or by pressing the
RESET button on the Prototyping Board. The RCM2100 module may now be removed
from the Prototyping Board for end-use installation.
CAUTION: Power to the Prototyping Board or other boards should be disconnected
when removing or installing your RCM2100 module to protect against inadvertent
shorts across the pins or damage to the RCM2100 if the pins are not plugged in
correctly. Do not reapply power until you have verified that the RCM2100 module is
plugged in correctly.
34 RabbitCore RCM2100
4.4 Memory
4.4.1 SRAM
The RCM2100 is designed to accept 32K to 512K of SRAM packaged in an SOIC case.
4.4.2 Flash Memory
The RCM2100 is also designed to accept 128K to 512K of flash memory packaged in a
TSOP case.
NOTE: Rabbit Semiconductor recommends that any customer applications should not be
constrained by the sector size of the flash EPROM since it may be necessary to change
the sector size in the future.
Writing to arbitrary flash memory addresses at run time is also discouraged. Instead,
define a “user block” area to store persistent data. The functions writeUserBlock and
readUserBlock are provided for this.
A Flash Memory Bank Select jumper configuration option based on 0 Ω surface-mounted
resistors exists at header JP4. This option, used in conjunction with some configuration
macros, allows Dynamic C to compile two different co-resident programs for the upper
and lower halves of the 512K flash in such a way that both programs start at logical
address 0000. This is useful for applications that require a resident download manager and
a separate downloaded program. See Technical Note 218, Implementing a Serial Download
Manager for a 256K Flash, for details.
NOTE: Only the Normal Mode (pins 1–2 connected at JP4), which corresponds to using
the full code space, is supported at the present time.
4.4.3 Dynamic C BIOS Source Files
The Dynamic C BIOS source files handle different SRAM and flash EPROM sizes auto-
matically.
User’s Manual 35
4.5 Other Hardware
4.5.1 Clock Doubler
The RCM2100 takes advantage of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock dou-
bler. A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency crystals to be used to reduce radiated
emissions. The 22.1 MHz frequency is generated using an 11.05 MHz crystal. The clock
doubler is disabled automatically in the BIOS for crystals with a frequency above
12.9 MHz.
The clock doubler may be disabled if 22.1 MHz clock speeds are not required. Disabling
the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock will reduce power consumption and fur-
ther reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a simple configuration
macro as shown below.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Add the line CLOCK_DOUBLED=0 to always disable the clock doubler.
The clock doubler is enabled by default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to
specify that the clock doubler is always enabled, add the line CLOCK_DOUBLED=1 to
always enable the clock doubler. The clock speed will be doubled as long as the crystal
frequency is less than or equal to 26.7264 MHz.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are
in the project file where you defined the macro.
36 RabbitCore RCM2100
4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader
RCM2100 modules that have a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor labeled IQ4T (or higher) are
equipped with a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor that has a spectrum spreader, which helps to
mitigate EMI problems. By default, the spectrum spreader is on automatically for
RCM2100 modules that carry the IQ4T (or higher) marking when used with Dynamic C
7.30 or later versions, but the spectrum spreader may also be turned off or set to a stronger
setting. The means for doing so is through a simple configuration macro as shown below.
There is no spectrum spreader functionality for RCM2100 modules that have a Rabbit
2000 microprocessor labeled IQ1T, IQ2T, or IQ3T, or when using any RCM2100 with a
version of Dynamic C prior to 7.30.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Normal spreading is the default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to specify
normal spreading, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=1
For strong spreading, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=2
To disable the spectrum spreader, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=0
NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is usually not necessary for the
RCM2100.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The spectrum spreader will now remain off whenever you
are in the project file where you defined the macro.
User’s Manual 37
5. SOFTWARE REFERENCE
Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing
embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is
designed for use with Rabbit Semiconductor single-board com-
puters and other single-board computers based on the Rabbit
microprocessor. Chapter 4 provides the libraries and function
calls related to the RCM2100.
5.1 More About Dynamic C
Dynamic C has been in use worldwide since 1989. Dynamic C is specially designed for
programming embedded systems, and features quick compile and interactive debugging in
the real environment. A complete reference to Dynamic C is contained in the Dynamic C
User’s Manual.
Dynamic C for Rabbit® processors uses the standard Rabbit programming interface. This
is a 10-pin connector that connects to the Rabbit Serial Port A. It is possible to reset and
cold-boot a Rabbit processor via the programming port. No software needs to be present in
the target system. More details are available in the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s
Manual.
Dynamic C cold-boots the target system and compiles the BIOS. The BIOS is a basic pro-
gram of a few thousand bytes in length that provides the debugging and communication
facilities that Dynamic C needs. Once the BIOS has been compiled, the user can compile
his own program and test it. If the BIOS fails because the program stops running, a new
cold boot and BIOS compile can be done at any time.
The BIOS can be customized by using #define options.
Dynamic C does not use include files, rather it has libraries that are used for the same
purpose, that is, to supply function prototypes to programs before they are compiled. See
Section 4.24, “Modules,” in the Dynamic C User’s Manual for more information.
Dynamic C supports assembly language, either as separate functions or as fragments
embedded in C programs. Interrupt routines may be written in Dynamic C or in assembly
language.
38 RabbitCore RCM2100
5.1.1 Using Dynamic C
You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the
SRAM included on the RCM2100. There are 512K or 256K bytes of flash memory and
512K or 128K bytes of SRAM. The flash memory and SRAM options are selected with
the Options > Project Options > Compiler menu.
The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on the flash memory, which is limited
to about 100,000 write cycles. The disadvantage is that the code and data might not both
fit in RAM.
NOTE: An application can be developed in RAM, but cannot run standalone from RAM
after the programming cable is disconnected. All standalone applications can only run
from flash memory.
NOTE: Do not depend on the flash memory sector size or type. Due to the volatility of
the flash memory market, the RCM2100 and Dynamic C were designed to accommo-
date flash devices with various sector sizes.
Developing software with Dynamic C is simple. Users can write, compile, and test C and
assembly code without leaving the Dynamic C development environment. Debugging
occurs while the application runs on the target. Alternatively, users can compile a program
to an image file for later loading. Dynamic C runs on PCs under Windows 95, 98, 2000,
NT, Me, and XP. Programs can be downloaded at baud rates of up to 460,800 bps after the
program compiles.
Dynamic C has a number of standard features.
•Full-feature source and/or assembly-level debugger, no in-circuit emulator required.
•Royalty-free TCP/IP stack with source code and most common protocols.
•Hundreds of functions in source-code libraries and sample programs:
XExceptionally fast support for floating-point arithmetic and transcendental functions.
XRS-232 and RS-485 serial communication.
XAnalog and digital I/O drivers.
XI2C, SPI, GPS, file system.
XLCD display and keypad drivers.
•Powerful language extensions for cooperative or preemptive multitasking.
•Loader utility program to load binary images into Rabbit targets in the absence of
Dynamic C.
•Provision for customers to create their own source code libraries and augment on-line
help by creating “function description” block comments using a special format for
library functions.
User’s Manual 39
•Standard debugging features:
XBreakpoints—Set breakpoints that can disable interrupts.
XSingle-stepping—Step into or over functions at a source or machine code level, µC/OS-II aware.
XCode disassembly—The disassembly window displays addresses, opcodes, mnemonics, and
machine cycle times. Switch between debugging at machine-code level and source-code level by
simply opening or closing the disassembly window.
XWatch expressions—Watch expressions are compiled when defined, so complex expressions
including function calls may be placed into watch expressions. Watch expressions can be updated
with or without stopping program execution.
XRegister window—All processor registers and flags are displayed. The contents of general registers
may be modified in the window by the user.
XStack window—shows the contents of the top of the stack.
XHex memory dump—displays the contents of memory at any address.
XSTDIO window—printf outputs to this window and keyboard input on the host PC can be
detected for debugging purposes. printf output may also be sent to a serial port or file.
5.1.2 Early Versions of Dynamic C
If you are using Dynamic C version 7.04 or earlier, modify the BIOS source code as fol-
lows. Skip these three steps if your version of Dynamic C is 7.05 or later.
1. Open the BIOS source code file named RABBITBIOS.C, which can be found in the
BIOS directory.
2. Change the line
#define USE115KBAUD 1 // set to 0 to use 57600 baud
to read as follows.
#define USE115KBAUD 0 // set to 0 to use 57600 baud
3. Save the changes using File > Save.
Now press <Ctrl-Y>. You should receive the "BIOS successfully compiled …"
message indicating that the target is now ready to compile a program.
40 RabbitCore RCM2100
5.2 I/O
The RCM2100 was designed to interface with other systems, and so there are no drivers
written specifically for the I/O. The general Dynamic C read and write functions allow
you to customize the parallel I/O to meet your specific needs. For example, use
WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0x00);
to set all the port E bits as inputs, or use
WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0xFF);
to set all the port E bits as outputs.
The sample programs in the Dynamic C SAMPLES/RCM2100 directory provide further
examples.
5.2.1 PCLK Output
The PCLK output is controlled by bits 7 and 6 of the Global Output Register (GOCR) on
the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor, and so can be enabled or disabled in software. Starting
with Dynamic C v 7.02, the PCLK output is disabled by default at compile time to mini-
mize radiated emissions; the PCLK output is enabled in earlier versions of Dynamic C.
Use the following code to set the PCLK output as needed.
PCLK output driven with peripheral clock:
WrPortI(GOCR, &GOCRShadow, (GOCRShadow&~0xc0));
PCLK output driven with peripheral clock ÷ 2:
WrPortI(GOCR, &GOCRShadow, ((GOCRShadow&~0xc0)| 0x40));
PCLK output off (low):
WrPortI(GOCR, &GOCRShadow, ((GOCRShadow&~0xc0)| 0x80));
PCLK output on (high):
WrPortI(GOCR, &GOCRShadow, (GOCRShadow | 0xc0));
User’s Manual 41
5.3 Serial Communication Drivers
Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications sup-
port. The RS232.LIB library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The
PACKET.LIB library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delim-
ited by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both
libraries provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmit-
ting or receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they
are finished. For more information, see the Dynamic C User’s Manual and Technical
Note 213, Rabbit 2000 Serial Port Software.
5.4 TCP/IP Drivers
The TCP/IP drivers are located in the TCPIP directory. Complete information on these
libraries and the TCP/IP functions is provided in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.
42 RabbitCore RCM2100
5.5 Upgrading Dynamic C
Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. Check the Web
site www.rabbit.com/support/ for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.
The default installation of a patch or bug fix is to install the file in a directory (folder) dif-
ferent from that of the original Dynamic C installation. Rabbit Semiconductor recom-
mends using a different directory so that you can verify the operation of the patch without
overwriting the existing Dynamic C installation. If you have made any changes to the
BIOS or to libraries, or if you have programs in the old directory (folder), make these
same changes to the BIOS or libraries in the new directory containing the patch. Do not
simply copy over an entire file since you may overwrite a bug fix; of course, you may
copy over any programs you have written. Once you are sure the new patch works entirely
to your satisfaction, you may retire the existing installation, but keep it available to handle
legacy applications.
5.5.1 Upgrades
Dynamic C installations are designed for use with the board they are included with, and
are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits. Dynamic C is a complete software
development system, but does not include all the Dynamic C features. Rabbit Semicon-
ductor also offers add-on Dynamic C modules containing the popular µC/OS-II real-time
operating system, as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and other select
libraries. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a
one-year telephone-based technical support module is also available for purchase.
User’s Manual 43
6. USING THE TCP/IP FEATURES
6.1 TCP/IP Connections
Programming and development can be done with the RCM2100 RabbitCore modules
without connecting the Ethernet port to a network. However, if you will be running the
sample programs that use the Ethernet capability or will be doing Ethernet-enabled devel-
opment, you should connect the RCM2100 module’s Ethernet port at this time.
Before proceeding you will need to have the following items.
•If you don’t have Ethernet access, you will need at least a 10Base-T Ethernet card
(available from your favorite computer supplier) installed in a PC.
•Two RJ-45 straight through Ethernet cables and a hub, or an RJ-45 crossover Ethernet
cable.
The Ethernet cables and a 10Base-T Ethernet hub are available from Rabbit Semiconduc-
tor in a TCP/IP tool kit. More information is available at www.rabbit.com.
1. Connect the AC adapter and the programming cable as shown in Chapter 2, “Getting
Started.”
2. Ethernet Connections
There are four options for connecting the RCM2100 module to a network for develop-
ment and runtime purposes. The first two options permit total freedom of action in
selecting network addresses and use of the “network,” as no action can interfere with
other users. We recommend one of these options for initial development.
•No LAN — The simplest alternative for desktop development. Connect the
RCM2100’s Ethernet port directly to the PC’s network interface card using an RJ-45
crossover cable. A crossover cable is a special cable that flips some connections
between the two connectors and permits direct connection of two client systems. A
standard RJ-45 network cable will not work for this purpose.
•Micro-LAN — Another simple alternative for desktop development. Use a small Eth-
ernet 10Base-T hub and connect both the PC’s network interface card and the
RCM2100’s Ethernet port to it, using standard network cables.
44 RabbitCore RCM2100
The following options require more care in address selection and testing actions, as
conflicts with other users, servers and systems can occur:
•LAN — Connect the RCM2100’s Ethernet port to an existing LAN, preferably one to
which the development PC is already connected. You will need to obtain IP addressing
information from your network administrator.
•WAN — The RCM2100 is capable of direct connection to the Internet and other Wide
Area Networks, but exceptional care should be used with IP address settings and all
network-related programming and development. We recommend that development and
debugging be done on a local network before connecting a RabbitCore system to the
Internet.
TIP: Checking and debugging the initial setup on a micro-LAN is recommended before
connecting the system to a LAN or WAN.
The PC running Dynamic C through the serial port on the RCM2100 does not need to
be the PC with the Ethernet card.
3. Apply Power
Plug in the AC adapter. The RCM2100 module is now ready to be used.
User’s Manual 45
6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses
Obtaining IP addresses to interact over an existing, operating, network can involve a num-
ber of complications, and must usually be done with cooperation from your ISP and/or
network systems administrator. For this reason, it is suggested that the user begin instead
by using a direct connection between a PC and the RCM2100 board using an Ethernet
crossover cable or a simple arrangement with a hub. (A crossover cable should not be con-
fused with regular straight through cables.)
In order to set up this direct connection, the user will have to use a PC without networking,
or disconnect a PC from the corporate network, or install a second Ethernet adapter and set
up a separate private network attached to the second Ethernet adapter. Disconnecting your
PC from the corporate network may be easy or nearly impossible, depending on how it is
set up. If your PC boots from the network or is dependent on the network for some or all
of its disks, then it probably should not be disconnected. If a second Ethernet adapter is
used, be aware that Windows TCP/IP will send messages to one adapter or the other,
depending on the IP address and the binding order in Microsoft products. Thus you should
have different ranges of IP addresses on your private network from those used on the cor-
porate network. If both networks service the same IP address, then Windows may send a
packet intended for your private network to the corporate network. A similar situation will
take place if you use a dial-up line to send a packet to the Internet. Windows may try to
send it via the local Ethernet network if it is also valid for that network.
The following IP addresses are set aside for local networks and are not allowed on the
Internet: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.255.
The RCM2100 board uses a 10Base-T type of Ethernet connection, which is the most
common scheme. The RJ-45 connectors are similar to U.S. style telephone connectors,
except they are larger and have 8 contacts.
An alternative to the direct connection using a crossover cable is a direct connection using
a hub. The hub relays packets received on any port to all of the ports on the hub. Hubs are
low in cost and are readily available. The RCM2100 board uses 10 Mbps Ethernet, so the
hub or Ethernet adapter must be either a 10 Mbps unit or a 10/100 unit that adapts to either
10 or 100 Mbps.
In a corporate setting where the Internet is brought in via a high-speed line, there are typi-
cally machines between the outside Internet and the internal network. These machines
include a combination of proxy servers and firewalls that filter and multiplex Internet traf-
fic. In the configuration below, the RCM2100 board could be given a fixed address so any
of the computers on the local network would be able to contact it. It may be possible to
configure the firewall or proxy server to allow hosts on the Internet to directly contact the
controller, but it would probably be easier to place the controller directly on the external
network outside of the firewall. This avoids some of the configuration complications by
sacrificing some security.
46 RabbitCore RCM2100
If your system administrator can give you an Ethernet cable along with its IP address, the
netmask and the gateway address, then you may be able to run the sample programs with-
out having to set up a direct connection between your computer and the RCM2100 board.
You will also need the IP address of the nameserver, the name or IP address of your mail
server, and your domain name for some of the sample programs.
Hub(s)
Firewall
Proxy
Server
Adapter
Ethernet Ethernet
Network of
RCM2100
Board
Typical Corporate Network
Workstations
Internet
User’s Manual 47
6.3 IP Addresses Explained
IP (Internet Protocol) addresses are expressed as 4 decimal numbers separated by periods,
for example:
216.103.126.155
10.1.1.6
Each decimal number must be between 0 and 255. The total IP address is a 32-bit number
consisting of the 4 bytes expressed as shown above. A local network uses a group of adja-
cent IP addresses. There are always 2N IP addresses in a local network. The netmask (also
called subnet mask) determines how many IP addresses belong to the local network. The
netmask is also a 32-bit address expressed in the same form as the IP address. An example
netmask is:
255.255.255.0
This netmask has 8 zero bits in the least significant portion, and this means that 28
addresses are a part of the local network. Applied to the IP address above
(216.103.126.155), this netmask would indicate that the following IP addresses belong to
the local network:
216.103.126.0
216.103.126.1
216.103.126.2
etc.
216.103.126.254
216.103.126.255
The lowest and highest address are reserved for special purposes. The lowest address
(216.103.126.0) is used to identify the local network. The highest address
(216.103.126.255) is used as a broadcast address. Usually one other address is used for the
address of the gateway out of the network. This leaves 256 - 3 = 253 available IP
addresses for the example given.
48 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.4 How IP Addresses are Used
The actual hardware connection via an Ethernet uses Ethernet adapter addresses (also
called MAC addresses). These are 48-bit addresses and are unique for every Ethernet
adapter manufactured. In order to send a packet to another computer, given the IP address
of the other computer, it is first determined if the packet needs to be sent directly to the
other computer or to the gateway. In either case, there is an IP address on the local net-
work to which the packet must be sent. A table is maintained to allow the protocol driver
to determine the MAC address corresponding to a particular IP address. If the table is
empty, the MAC address is determined by sending an Ethernet broadcast packet to all
devices on the local network asking the device with the desired IP address to answer with
its MAC address. In this way, the table entry can be filled in. If no device answers, then
the device is nonexistent or inoperative, and the packet cannot be sent.
IP addresses are arbitrary and can be allocated as desired provided that they don’t conflict
with other IP addresses. However, if they are to be used with the Internet, then they must
be numbers that are assigned to your connection by proper authorities, generally by dele-
gation via your service provider.
Each RCM2100 RabbitCore module has its own unique MAC address, which consists of
the prefix 0090C2 followed by the code that appears on the label affixed to the RCM2100
module. For example, a MAC address might be 0090C2C002C0.
TIP: You can always verify the MAC address on your board by running the sample pro-
gram DISPLAY_MAC.C from the SAMPLES\TCPIP folder.
User’s Manual 49
6.5 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses
In many instances, there are no fixed IP addresses. This is the case when, for example, you
are assigned an IP address dynamically by your dial-up Internet service provider (ISP) or
when you have a device that provides your IP addresses using the Dynamic Host Configu-
ration Protocol (DHCP). The RCM2100 RabbitCore modules can use such IP addresses to
send and receive packets on the Internet, but you must take into account that this IP
address may only be valid for the duration of the call or for a period of time, and could be
a private IP address that is not directly accessible to others on the Internet. These private
addresses can be used to perform some Internet tasks such as sending e-mail or browsing
the Web, but usually cannot be used to participate in conversations that originate else-
where on the Internet. If you want to find out what this dynamically assigned IP address is,
under Windows XP you can run the ipconfig program while you are connected and look
at the interface used to connect to the Internet.
Many networks use private IP addresses that are assigned using DHCP. When your com-
puter comes up, and periodically after that, it requests its networking information from a
DHCP server. The DHCP server may try to give you the same address each time, but a
fixed IP address is usually not guaranteed.
If you are not concerned about accessing the RCM2100 from the Internet, you can place
the RCM2100 on the internal network using a private address assigned either statically or
through DHCP.
50 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.6 Placing Your Device on the Network
In many corporate settings, users are isolated from the Internet by a firewall and/or a
proxy server. These devices attempt to secure the company from unauthorized network
traffic, and usually work by disallowing traffic that did not originate from inside the net-
work. If you want users on the Internet to communicate with your RCM2100, you have
several options. You can either place the RCM2100 directly on the Internet with a real
Internet address or place it behind the firewall. If you place the RCM2100 behind the fire-
wall, you need to configure the firewall to translate and forward packets from the Internet
to the RCM2100.
User’s Manual 51
6.7 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs
We have provided a number of sample programs demonstrating various uses of TCP/IP for
networking embedded systems. These programs require you to connect your PC and the
RCM2100 board together on the same network. This network can be a local private net-
work (preferred for initial experimentation and debugging), or a connection via the Internet.
RCM2100
User’s PC
CAT 5/6
Ethernet
crossover cable
Direct Connection
(network of 2 computers)
RCM2100
Hub
CAT 5/6
To additional
network
elements
Direct Connection Using a Hub
Board Board
Ethernet
cables
52 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.8 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs
With the introduction of Dynamic C 7.30 we have taken steps to make it easier to run
many of our sample programs. Instead of the MY_IP_ADDRESS and other macros, you will
see a TCPCONFIG macro. This macro tells Dynamic C to select your configuration from a
list of default configurations. You will have three choices when you encounter a sample
program with the TCPCONFIG macro.
1. You can replace the TCPCONFIG macro with individual MY_IP_ADDRESS,
MY_NETMASK, MY_GATEWAY, and MY_NAMESERVER macros in each program.
2. You can leave TCPCONFIG at the usual default of 1, which will set the IP configurations
to 10.10.6.100, the netmask to 255.255.255.0, and the nameserver and gateway
to 10.10.6.1. If you would like to change the default values, for example, to use an IP
address of 10.1.1.2 for the RCM2100 board, and 10.1.1.1 for your PC, you can edit
the values in the section that directly follows the “General Configuration” comment in
the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. You will find this library in the LIB/TCPIP directory.
3. You can create a CUSTOM_CONFIG.LIB library and use a TCPCONFIG value greater
than 100. Instructions for doing this are at the beginning of the TCP_CONFIG.LIB file.
There are some other “standard” configurations for TCPCONFIG that let you select differ-
ent features such as DHCP. Their values are documented at the top of the
TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. More information is available in the Dynamic C TCP/IP
User’s Manual.
IP Addresses Before Dynamic C 7.30
Most of the sample programs such as shown in the example below use macros to define the
IP address assigned to the board and the IP address of the gateway, if there is a gateway.
#define MY_IP_ADDRESS "10.10.6.170"
#define MY_NETMASK "255.255.255.0"
#define MY_GATEWAY "10.10.6.1"
#define MY_NAMESERVER "10.10.6.1"
In order to do a direct connection, the following IP addresses can be used for the RCM2100:
#define MY_IP_ADDRESS "10.1.1.2"
#define MY_NETMASK "255.255.255.0"
// #define MY_GATEWAY "10.10.6.1"
// #define MY_NAMESERVER "10.10.6.1"
In this case, the gateway and nameserver are not used, and are commented out. The IP
address of the board is defined to be 10.1.1.2. The IP address of your PC can be defined
as 10.1.1.1.
User’s Manual 53
6.8.1 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect
Follow these instructions to set up your PC or notebook. Check with your administrator if
you are unable to change the settings as described here since you may need administrator
privileges. The instructions are specifically for Windows 2000, but the interface is similar
for other versions of Windows.
TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC from
that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings before
changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the sample pro-
grams and reconnect your PC to the network.
1. Go to the control panel (Start > Settings > Control Panel), and then double-click the
Network icon.
2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use (e.g.,
TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Properties” button.
Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may have to select
the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties” button to bring up
the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface card for a “10Base-T
Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the “Advanced” tab.
NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.
3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Address, or select TCP/IP and
click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable “obtain
an IP address automatically”):
IP Address : 10.10.6.101
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Default gateway : 10.10.6.1
4. Click <OK> or <Close> to exit the various dialog boxes.
RCM2100
User’s PC
IP 10.10.6.101
Netmask
255.255.255.0
Direct Connection PC to RCM2100 Board
Board
CAT 5/6
Ethernet
crossover cable
54 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.9 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program
Connect the crossover cable from your computer’s Ethernet port to the RCM2100 board’s
RJ-45 Ethernet connector. Open this sample program from the SAMPLES\TCPIP\ICMP
folder, compile the program, and start it running under Dynamic C. When the program
starts running, the green LNK light on the RCM2100 board should be on to indicate an
Ethernet connection is made. (Note: If the LNK light does not light, you may not have a
crossover cable, or if you are using a hub perhaps the power is off on the hub.)
The next step is to ping the board from your PC. This can be done by bringing up the MS-
DOS window and running the pingme program:
ping 10.10.6.100
or by Start > Run
and typing the entry
ping 10.10.6.100
Notice that the red ACT light flashes on the RCM2100 board while the ping is taking
place, and indicates the transfer of data. The ping routine will ping the board four times
and write a summary message on the screen describing the operation.
6.10 Running More Sample Programs With Direct Connect
The sample programs discussed here are in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RCM2100\ folder.
6.10.1 Sample Program: PINGLED.C
One of the RCM2100’s most important features is the availability of the built-in Ethernet
port. This program makes the simplest possible use of the network port by “pinging” a
remote system and using LEDs to report the status of the ping attempt and its return.
Compile & Run Program
Open the PINGLED.C sample program. Press F9 to compile and run the program.
Each time the program sends a ping to the remote address, LED DS2 on the Prototyping
Board will flash. Each time a successful return from a ping attempt is received, LED DS3
will flash.
If the ping return is unsuccessful (i.e., the remote system does not exist or does not
acknowledge the ping within the timeout period), DS3 will not flash.
With short ping times, as will be encountered in most micro-LAN and LAN settings, the
two LEDs should flash almost in parallel as pings are sent and returned.
You can modify the #define PING_DELAY statement to change the amount of time
between the outgoing pings.
User’s Manual 55
Program Description
For operation, network addresses must be correctly defined at the start of this program.
The TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program provides default settings for
MY_IP_ADDRESS, which is the address of the RCM2100 module, MY_NETMASK, and
MY_GATEWAY (which needs to be defined if you wish to ping systems outside the local
network). If you wish to ping systems using domain names instead of IP addresses, a valid
DNS server address must be defined for MY_NAMESERVER. These TCP/IP settings can be
changed as needed in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library.
The IP address to be pinged is defined by PING_WHO. You will have to change this address
and recompile the program to ping different addresses. (In most real-world applications,
there should be some mechanism by which to dynamically define or select addresses.)
This address may be defined as a numeric IP address. If a gateway to the Internet and a
valid DNS server are specified, this definition may also be a fully-qualified domain name
(such as “www.rabbit.com”).
The program first defines three functions to control the LEDs—one to initialize them, and
then one each to drive the “ping out” and “ping in” LEDs.
The program begins by calling the LED initialization function pingleds_setup( ).
More importantly, it then calls sock_init( ), which initializes the packet driver and the
TCP manager using the compiler defaults. This function must always be called before any
other TCP/IP functions.
The program then resolves the address to be pinged into a numeric value. using the library
function resolve(). If the defined address is numeric, it converts the define string into
truly numeric form. If the address is a domain name, the function queries the indicated
DNS server to obtain the numeric address. (If the function is unable to resolve the
address—if, for example, the numeric address is incomplete or badly formed, or the DNS
server is unable to identify the domain name—the program will print a message to the
screen and terminate.)
The program then begins an endless loop using for(;;). Within this loop, the program
executes the following steps:
1. Calls tcp_tick() to perform the basic housekeeping functions for the socket;
2. As a costatement, waits for the duration of PING_DELAY (defined by default as 500 ms
or one-half second), issues a ping to the resolved address using the _ping() function,
and flashes LED DS2;
3. As a second costatement, checks for a ping return using the _chk_ping() function. If
the ping is successful, the costatement flashes LED DS3.
If you uncomment the #VERBOSE define near the beginning of the program, the ping
return costatement will also print a message to the screen indicating each successful ping.
r w w w Nerscane EAhEme‘ sum 1' FT source nod: 44*
56 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.10.2 Sample Program: ETHCORE1.C
The RCM2100 modules with Ethernet ports can act as micro Web page servers, with
dynamic interaction between the controller and the web pages. This sample program dem-
onstrates how a Web page can be used to both monitor and control an RCM2100 module.
Compile & Run Program
Open the sample program ETHCORE1.C. Press F9 to compile and run the program.
TIP: This program will be more interesting to observe if LEDs DS4 and DS5 are installed
on the Prototyping Board.
When the program starts, LEDs DS2, DS3 and DS5 will be lit, and DS4 will be dark.
Open a web browser and enter the IP address you defined for the RCM2100 module in the
program in the address window. A page like that shown in Figure 11 should appear.
Figure 11. Browser screen for Sample Program ETHCORE1.C
Clicking on each of the button images in the browser window will toggle the state of the
associated LED image, and will toggle the state of the corresponding LED on the Proto-
typing Board. Since the web page is generated by the RabbitCore module (using Dynamic
HTML), the LED image and the corresponding LED’s real state will always be in step.
Program Description
This program begins to show the range of applications for an Ethernet-enabled embedded
system controller, so let’s look closely at its operation.
As with PINGLED.C, several network addresses must be defined before this application
can work. The TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program provides default settings for
MY_IP_ADDRESS, which is the address of the RCM2100 module, MY_NETMASK, and
MY_GATEWAY (which needs to be defined if you wish to reach the system from outside the
local network). These TCP/IP settings can be changed as needed in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB
library.
User’s Manual 57
Generally, the other defined values may be left at their default settings. If you are operat-
ing the system behind a firewall or proxy and need to specify a host port for redirection,
you should comment out the line reading:
#define REDIRECTHOST MY_IP_ADDRESS
Then uncomment the next line, which defines a specific redirection host and port:
#define REDIRECTHOST "my host.com:8080"
Be sure to enter the host port where indicated by "my host.com:8080"
.
This application creates dynamic HTML web pages on the fly. For simplicity, all of the
Web page components—shell HTML, image GIFs, etc.—are imported into flash memory
using the #ximport statements. It is also possible to read these files from other locations,
including the onboard flash file system, but this application keeps things simple by load-
ing all the components into working memory.
The program then defines four instances of an LED toggling function, which are basic
CGI functions that swap the values “ledon.gif” and “ledoff.gif” as the contents of the
ledn strings, and then force a reload of the web page to change the associated LED
image. The physical LEDs on the Prototyping Board are turned on or off to match the
ledn strings displayed on the Web page.
6.10.3 Additional Sample Programs
•ETHCORE2.C—This program takes anything that comes in on a port and sends it out
Serial Port C. It uses SW2 as a signal that the connection should be closed, and PA0 as
an indication that there is an open connection. You may change SW2 and PA0 to suit
your application needs.
Follow the instructions included with the sample program. Run the Telnet program on
your PC (Start > Run telnet 10.10.6.100). As long as you have not modified the
TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program, the IP address is 10.10.6.100 as shown;
otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. Each
character you type will be printed in Dynamic C's STDIO window, indicating that the
board is receiving the characters typed via TCP/IP.
•LEDCONSOLE.C—Demonstrates the features of ZCONSOLE.LIB command-oriented
console library to control two LEDs on the Prototyping Board.
6.10.4 More Information
Refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual for complete details on the Dynamic C
implementation of TCP/IP protocols.
58 RabbitCore RCM2100
6.11 Where Do I Go From Here?
NOTE: If you purchased your RCM2100 through a distributor or through a Rabbit Semi-
conductor partner, contact the distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
•Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
•Check the Rabbit Semiconductor Technical Bulletin Board at
www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.
•Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.
Additional sample programs are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.
Please refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual to develop your own applications.
An Introduction to TCP/IP provides background information on TCP/IP, and is available
on the CD and on our Web site.
User’s Manual 59
APPENDIX A. RABBITCORE RCM2100
SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix A provides the specifications for the RCM2100, and
describes the conformal coating.
Please refer to the RCMZWO footprint diagram later in this appendix for precise header locations. Figure A-1. RCM21aa Dimensions NOTE: All measurements are in inches followed by millimet All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of $0.01" (0 60
60 RabbitCore RCM2100
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics
Figure A-1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the RCM2100.
Figure A-1. RCM2100 Dimensions
NOTE: All measurements are in inches followed by millimeters enclosed in parentheses.
All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01" (0.25 mm).
Please refer to the RCM2100
footprint diagram later in this
appendix for precise header
locations.
2.00
(51)
3.50
(89)
0.120
dia
(3)
3.50
(89)
2.00
(51)
0.166
dia
(4)
0.475
(12)
2.10
(53)
0.655
(17)
0.625
(15.7)
0.14
(3.5)
1.26
(68)
1.73
(44)
0.087
(2.2)
0.245
(6.2)
0.86
(22)
0.062
(1.6)
0.55
(14)
0.087
(2.2)
0.55
(14)
0.245
(6.2)
0.86
(22)
0.062
(1.6)
J2 J1
If; mm L fl ¢ \” ”””””””””””” ””” \ ¥ .0 (51 ) Figure A-2. RCM2100 "Ext:
User’s Manual 61
It is recommended that you allow for an “exclusion zone” of 0.04" (1 mm) around the
RCM2100 in all directions when the RCM2100 is incorporated into an assembly that
includes other components. An “exclusion zone” of 0.16" (4 mm) is recommended below
the RCM2100 when the RCM2100 is plugged into another assembly using the shortest
connectors for headers J1 and J2 on the RCM2100. Figure A-2 shows this “exclusion
zone.”
Figure A-2. RCM2100 “Exclusion Zone”
Exclusion
Zone
0.16
(4)
0.16
(4)
2.00
(51)
3.50
(89)
J2 J1
3.58
(91)
2.08
(53)
0.60
(15)
0.60
(15)
62 RabbitCore RCM2100
Table A-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the RCM2100
.
Table A-1. RCM2100 Specifications
Parameter RCM2100 RCM2110 RCM2120 RCM2130
Microprocessor Rabbit® 2000 at 22.1 MHz
Ethernet Port 10/100-compatible with 10Base-T
interface, RJ-45, 2 LEDs None
Flash Memory Two 256K × 8 One 256K × 8 Two 256K × 8 One 256K × 8
SRAM 512K × 8 128K × 8 512K × 8 128K × 8
Backup Battery Connection for user-supplied backup battery
(to support RTC and SRAM)
General-Purpose I/O
34 parallel I/0 lines grouped in
five 8-bit ports (and shared with
serial ports):
• 20 configurable I/O
• 8 fixed inputs
• 6 fixed outputs
40 parallel I/0 lines grouped in
five 8-bit ports (and shared with
serial ports):
• 26 configurable I/O
• 8 fixed inputs
• 6 fixed outputs
Additional Inputs 2 startup mode (for master/slave), reset
Additional Outputs Status, clock, watchdog, reset
Memory, I/O Interface 13 address lines, 8 data lines, I/O read/write, buffer enable
Serial Ports
Four 5 V CMOS-compatible ports.
Two ports are configurable as clocked ports, one is a dedicated RS-232
programming port.
Serial Rate Maximum burst rate = CLK/32
Maximum sustained rate = CLK/64
Slave Interface A slave port allows the RCM2100 to be used as an intelligent peripheral
device slaved to a master processor, which may either be another Rabbit
2000 or any other type of processor
Real-Time Clock Yes
Timers Five 8-bit timers cascadable in pairs, one 10-bit timer with 2 match
registers that each have an interrupt
Watchdog/Supervisor Yes
Power 4.75 V to 5.25 V DC, 140 mA
Operating Temperature –40°C to +70°C –40°C to +85°C
Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing
Connectors Two IDC headers 2 × 20, 2 mm pitch
Board Size 2.00" × 3.50" × 0.86"
(51 mm × 89 mm × 22 mm) 2.00" × 3.50" × 0.5"
(51 mm × 89 mm × 13 mm)
“EH, ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ \
User’s Manual 63
A.1.1 Headers
The RCM2100 uses headers at J1, J2, and J3 for physical connection to other boards. J1
and J2 are 2 × 20 SMT headers with a 2 mm pin spacing. J3 is a 2 × 4 header with a 2 mm
pin spacing.
Figure A-3 shows the layout of another board for the RCM2100 to be plugged in to. These
reference design values are relative to the mounting hole or to the header connectors.
Figure A-3. User Board Footprint for the RCM2100
A.1.2 Physical Mounting
A 9/32” (7 mm) standoff with a 4-40 screw is recommended to attach the RCM2100 to a
user board at the hole position shown in Figure A-3. A standoff with a screw may also be
used at the hole position close to the RJ-45 Ethernet connector for a second anchor, or you
may opt to have a nut and bolt with a wire at this hole position if you removed resistor R5
and elected to ground the RJ-45 Ethernet connector to the chassis.
J1
1.134
(28.28)
2.375
(60.33)
J2
J3
J3 is not normally
installed
1.884
(47.85)
0.079
(2.0)
1.496
(38.00)
0.869
(22.07)
0.120 dia
(3.05)
0.020 sq typ
(0.5)
0.079
(2.0)
64 RabbitCore RCM2100
A.2 Bus Loading
You must pay careful attention to bus loading when designing an interface to the Rabbit-
Core RCM2100. This section provides bus loading information for external devices.
Table A-2 lists the capacitance for the various RCM2100 I/O ports.
Table A-3 lists the external capacitive bus loading for the various RCM2100 output ports.
Be sure to add the loads for the devices you are using in your custom system and verify
that they do not exceed the values in Table A-3.
Table A-2. Capacitance of RCM2100 I/O Ports
I/O Ports Input Capacitance Output Capacitance
Typ. Max. Typ. Max.
Parallel Ports A to E 6 pF 12 pF 10 pF 14 pF
Data Lines BD0–BD7 12 pF 18 pF 18 pF 22 pF
Address Lines BA0–BA12 — — 8 pF 12 pF
Table A-3. External Capacitive Bus Loading -40°C to +70°C
Output Port Clock Speed
(MHz) Maximum External
Capacitive Loading (pF)
A[12:0]
D[7:0] 22.1 50
PD[3:0] 22.1 100
PA[7:0]
PB[7,6]
PC[6,4,2,0]
PD[7:4]*
PE[7:0]
* The Parallel Port D outputs (PD[7:4]) are available only on the
RCM2120 and the RCM2130 models.
22.1 90
All data, address, and I/O
lines with clock doubler
disabled 11.0592 100
+4 +4 F FAR :41?
User’s Manual 65
Figure A-4 shows a typical timing diagram for the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor external
I/O read and write cycles.
Figure A-4. External I/O Read and Write Cycles—No Extra Wait States
Tadr is the time required for the address output to reach 0.8 V. This time depends on the
bus loading. Tsetup is the data setup time relative to the clock. Tsetup is specified from
30%/70% of the VDD voltage level.
Tadr
Tadr
External I/O Read (no extra wait states)
CLK
A[15:0]
External I/O Write (no extra wait states)
CLK
A[15:0]
/IORD
valid
T1 Tw
T1 Tw T2
valid
T2
/BUFEN
/IOCSx
/IOWR
/BUFEN
D[7:0] valid
Tsetup
Thold
/CSx
/IOCSx
TCSx
TIOCSx
TIORD
TBUFEN
TCSx
TIOCSx
TIORD
TBUFEN
valid
D[7:0]
/CSx
TCSx
TIOCSx
TIOWR
TCSx
TIOCSx
TIOWR
TBUFEN TBUFEN
TDHZV TDVHZ
66 RabbitCore RCM2100
A.3 Rabbit 2000 DC Characteristics
Table A-4 outlines the DC characteristics for the Rabbit 2000 at 5.0 V over the recom-
mended operating temperature range from Ta = –40°C to +85°C, VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V.
Table A-4. 5.0 Volt DC Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
IIH Input Leakage High VIN = VDD, VDD = 5.5 V 10 µA
IIL Input Leakage Low
(no pull-up) VIN = VSS, VDD = 5.5 V -10 µA
IOZ Output Leakage (no pull-up) VIN = VDD or VSS,
VDD = 5.5 V -10 10 µA
VIL CMOS Input Low Voltage 0.3 x VDD V
VIH CMOS Input High Voltage 0.7 x VDD V
VTCMOS Switching Threshold VDD = 5.0 V, 25°C 2.4 V
VOL CMOS Output Low Voltage
IOL = See Table A-5
(sinking)
VDD = 4.5 V
0.2 0.4 V
VOH CMOS Output High Voltage
IOH = See Table A-5
(sourcing)
VDD = 4.5 V
0.7 x VDD 4.2 V
User’s Manual 67
A.4 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit
Unless otherwise specified, the Rabbit I/O buffers are capable of sourcing and sinking 8 mA of cur-
rent per pin at full AC switching speed. Full AC switching assumes a 22.1 MHz CPU clock and
capacitive loading on address and data lines of less than 100 pF per pin. Pins A0–A12 and D0–D7
are each rated at 8 mA. The absolute maximum operating voltage on all I/O is VDD + 0.5 V, or 5.5 V.
Table A-5 shows the AC and DC output drive limits of the parallel I/O buffers when the Rabbit 2000
is used in the RCM2100.
Table A-5. I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Capability
Pin Name
Output Drive
Sourcing*/Sinking† Limits
(mA)
* The maximum DC sourcing current for I/O buffers between VDD
pins is 112 mA.
† The maximum DC sinking current for I/O buffers between VSS
pins is 150 mA.
Output Port Name Full AC Switching
SRC/SNK
Maximum‡ DC Output
Drive
SRC/SNK
‡ The maximum DC output drive on I/O buffers must be adjusted to
take into consideration the current demands made my AC switch-
ing outputs, capacitive loading on switching outputs, and switching
voltage.
The current drawn by all switching and nonswitching I/O must
not exceed the limits specified in the first two footnotes.
PA [7:0] 8/8 12/12
PB [7, 1, 0] 8/8 12/12
PC [6, 4, 2, 0] 8/8 12/12
PD [7:4] 8/8 12/12
PD [3:0]**
** The combined sourcing from Port D [7:0] may need to be adjusted
so as not to exceed the 112 mA sourcing limit requirement speci-
fied in the first footnote.
16/16 25/25
PE [7:0] 8/8 12/12
Top Side Botfam Side Figure A-5. Location a! RCM2100 Configurable Positions GB
68 RabbitCore RCM2100
A.5 Jumper Configurations
Figure A-5 shows the header locations used to configure the various RCM2100 options
via jumpers.
Figure A-5. Location of RCM2100 Configurable Positions
J2
J1
Top Side
Bottom Side
SRAM
Flash
EPROM
JP1
JP2
JP3
Flash
EPROM
JP4
User’s Manual 69
Table A-6 lists the configuration options.
NOTE: The jumper connections are made using 0 Ω surface-mounted resistors.
Table A-6. RCM2100 Jumper Configurations
Header Description Pins Connected Factory
Default
JP1 Flash Memory Size (U10) 1–2 128K/256K ×
2–3 512K
JP2 Flash Memory Size (U11)
(not installed on
RCM2110/RCM2130)
1–2 128K/256K RCM2100
RCM2120
2–3 512K —
JP3 SRAM Size
n.c. 32K —
1–2 128K RCM2110
RCM2130
2–3 512K RCM2100
RCM2120
JP4 Flash Memory Bank Select (U10) 1–2 Normal Mode ×
2–3 Bank Mode
é" ,um uvuuunuul Conformally coaled area /
70 RabbitCore RCM2100
A.6 Conformal Coating
The areas around the crystal oscillator has had the Dow Corning silicone-based 1-2620
conformal coating applied. The conformally coated area is shown in Figure A-6. The con-
formal coating protects these high-impedance circuits from the effects of moisture and
contaminants over time.
Figure A-6. RCM2100 Areas Receiving Conformal Coating
Any components in the conformally coated area may be replaced using standard soldering
procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be
applied to offer continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.
NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Rabbit Semiconductor
Technical Note 303, Conformal Coatings.
User’s Manual 71
APPENDIX B. PROTOTYPING BOARD
Appendix B describes the features and accessories of the Proto-
typing Board, and explains the use of the Prototyping Board to
demonstrate the RCM2100 and to build prototypes of your own
circuits.
RCM2100 Connectors Voltage gulato
72 RabbitCore RCM2100
B.1 Overview of the Prototyping Board
The Prototyping Board included in the Development Kit makes it easy to connect an
RCM2100 module to a power supply and a PC workstation for development. It also pro-
vides an array of basic I/O peripherals (switches and LEDs), as well as a prototyping area
for more advanced hardware development.
For the most basic level of evaluation and development, the Prototyping Board can be
used without modification.
As you progress to more sophisticated experimentation and hardware development, modi-
fications and additions can be made to the board without modifying or damaging the
RCM2100 module itself.
The Prototyping Board is shown in Figure B-1 below, with its main features identified
Figure B-1. RCM2100 Prototyping Board
RCM2100
Connectors
Voltage
Regulator
Power
Input Power
LED
Reset
Switch
User
LEDs
RS-232
Area
SMT Prototyping
Area
Through-Hole
Prototyping Area
RCM2100
Extension Headers
Vcc and GND
Buses
User’s Manual 73
B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features
Power Connection. A 3-pin header is provided for connection of a power supply. Note that it is sym-
metrical, with both outer pins connected to ground and the center pin connected to the raw V+ input. The
cable of the wall transformer provided with the North American version of the Development Kit ends in
a connector that is correctly connected in either orientation.
Users providing their own power supply should ensure that it delivers 9–24 V DC at not less than 500
mA. The voltage regulator will get warm in use, but lower supply voltages will reduce thermal dissipa-
tion from the device.
Regulated Power Supply. The raw DC voltage provided at the POWER IN jack is routed to a 5 V
linear voltage regulator, which provides stable power to the RCM2100 module and the Prototyping
Board. A Shottky diode protects the power supply against damage from reversed raw power connections.
Power LED. The power LED lights whenever power is connected to the Prototyping Board.
Reset Switch. A momentary-contact, normally open switch is connected directly to the RCM2100’s
/RES_IN pin. Pressing the switch forces a hardware reset of the system.
I/O Switches & LEDs. Two momentary-contact, normally open switches are connected to the PB2 and
PB3 pins of the RCM2100 module, and may be read as inputs by sample applications.
Two LEDs are connected to the PA0 and PA1 pins of the module, and may be driven as output indicators
by sample applications. (Two more LEDs, driven by PA2 and PA3, may be added to the Prototyping
Board for additional outputs.)
All the LEDs are connected through JP1, which has traces shorting adjacent pads together. These traces
may be cut to disconnect the LEDs, and an 8-pin header soldered into JP1 to permit their selective recon-
nection with jumpers. See Figure B-4 for details.
Expansion Areas. The Prototyping Board is provided with several unpopulated areas for expansion of
I/O and interfacing capabilities. See the next section for details.
Prototyping Area. A generous prototyping area has been provided for the installation of through-hole
components. Vcc (5 V DC) and Ground buses run around the edge of this area. An area for surface-
mount devices is provided to the right of the through-hole area. (Note that there are SMT device pads on
both top and bottom of the Prototyping Board.)
74 RabbitCore RCM2100
B.1.2 Prototyping Board Expansion
The Prototyping Board comes with several unpopulated areas, which may be filled with
components to suit the user’s development needs. After you have experimented with the
sample programs in Chapter 4, you may wish to expand the board’s capabilities for further
experimentation and development. Refer to the Prototyping Board schematic (090–0116)
for details as necessary.
Module Extension Headers The complete pin set of the RCM2100 module is duplicated at these
two headers. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate holes, or, for more flexible devel-
opment, two 40-pin header strips can be soldered into place. See Figure B-5 for the header pinouts.
RS-232 Port Two 2-wire or one 5-wire RS-232 serial port can be added to the Prototyping Board by
installing a driver IC and four capacitors where indicated. The Maxim MAX232 driver chip or a similar
device is recommended for U2. Refer to the Prototyping Board schematic for additional details.
A 10-pin 0.1" spacing header strip can be installed at J6 to permit connection of a ribbon cable leading to
a standard DE-9 serial connector.
NOTE: The RS-232 chip, capacitors and header strip are available from electronics dis-
tributors such as Digi-Key and Mouser Electronics.
Additional LEDs Two additional LEDs (supplied with the development kit) can be soldered into place
at DS4 and DS5. The cathode lead (longer of the two, marked by a flat on the LED case) should go
towards the module.
Prototyping Board Component Header Several I/O pins from the module are hardwired to the
Prototyping Board LEDs and switches.
To disconnect these devices and permit the pins to be used for other purposes, cut the traces between the
pin rows. Use an exacto knife or similar tool to cut or break the traces crossing JP1, in the area indicated
in Figure B-4.
To permit selective reconnection of the devices, jumpers may be placed across the 8-pin header strip at
JP1.
Rouzm mmwpmc mm: § I V. mun MUS ‘ l ouééwoouv,6"3oauéuu$‘_ ‘ __. r,ouncuoouunbucaoL-UOIEi—EE cannoenoucuoceooaou , .muwanuwoooooouao; ugeououuwuowomom- duaunubuunouocuuuna‘. uuauuuauunuoonooaoo’; ounouaoowouowoooou abouuuoouuunuuuunaoi .Joouuououuoouuuumuuv uuoounoouuouuuuuafld‘ booouuouuaoafioouuno onaancuoupuaeheeaoup "u...“uuwuoafi— a..." nun".-
User’s Manual 75
B.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Layout
Figure B-2 shows the mechanical dimensions and layout for the RCM2100 Prototyping
Board.
Figure B-2. RCM2100 Prototyping Board Dimensions
Table B-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the Proto-
typing Board.
Table B-1. Prototyping Board Specifications
Parameter Specification
Board Size 4.25" × 5.25" × 1.00" (108 mm × 133 mm × 25 mm)
Operating Temperature –40°C to +70°C
Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing
Input Voltage 7.5 V to 25 V DC
Maximum Current Draw
(including user-added circuits) 1 A at 12 V and 25°C, 0.7 A at 12 V and 70ºC
Prototyping Area 1.7" × 4" (43 mm × 102 mm) throughhole, 0.1" spacing
Standoffs/Spacers 4, accept 6-32 × 3/8 screws
5.25
(133)
4.25
(108)
‘ll—l >74» jfll i; are 3-3. Prototyping Board Power Supply surge current protection for the Voltage regul be located some distance away. otyping Board rd is actually both a demonstration board and a can be used to demonstrate the functionali ut any modifications to either board. There
76 RabbitCore RCM2100
B.3 Power Supply
The RCM2100 requires a regulated 5 V ± 0.25 V DC power source to operate. Depending
on the amount of current required by the application, different regulators can be used to
supply this voltage.
The Prototyping Board has an onboard LM340-T5 or equivalent. The LM340-T5 is an
inexpensive linear regulator that is easy to use. Its major drawback is its inefficiency,
which is directly proportional to the voltage drop across it. The voltage drop creates heat
and wastes power.
A switching power supply may be used in applications where better efficiency is desir-
able. The LM2575 is an example of an easy-to-use switcher. This part greatly reduces the
heat dissipation of the regulator. The drawback in using a switcher is the increased cost.
The Prototyping Board itself is protected against reverse polarity by a Shottky diode at D2
as shown in Figure B-3.
Figure B-3. Prototyping Board Power Supply
Capacitor C1 provides surge current protection for the voltage regulator, and allows the
external power supply to be located some distance away.
B.4 Using the Prototyping Board
The Prototyping Board is actually both a demonstration board and a prototyping board. As
a demonstration board, it can be used to demonstrate the functionality of the
RCM2100
right out of the box without any modifications to either board. There are no jumpers or dip
switches to configure or misconfigure on the Prototyping Board so that the initial setup is
very straightforward.
The Prototyping Board comes with the basic components necessary to demonstrate the
operation of the RCM2100. Two LEDs (DS2 and DS3) are connected to PA0 and PA1, and
two switches (S2 and S3) are connected to PB2 and PB3 to demonstrate the interface to
the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor. Reset switch S1 is the hardware reset for the RCM2100.
Two more LEDs, driven by PA2 and PA3, may be added to the Prototyping Board for
additional outputs.
LINEAR POWER SUPPLY
POWER
IN
J5
100 nF
7805
U1
+RAW DCIN
Vcc
C2
C1
1
2
3
1
2
31N5819
D2
10 mF
User’s Manual 77
To maximize the availability of RCM2100 resources, the demonstration hardware (LEDs
and switches) on the Prototyping Board may be disconnected. This is done by cutting the
traces below the silk-screen outline of header JP1 on the bottom side of the Prototyping
Board. Figure B-4 shows the four places where cuts should be made. An exacto knife
would work nicely to cut the traces. Alternatively, a small standard screwdriver may be
carefully and forcefully used to wipe through the PCB traces.
Figure B-4. Where to Cut Traces to Permanently Disable
Demonstration Hardware on Prototyping Board
The power LED (PWR) and the RESET switch remain connected. Jumpers across the
appropriate pins on header JP1 can be used to reconnect specific demonstration hardware
later if needed.
Note that the pinout at location JP1 on the bottom side of the Prototyping Board (shown in
Figure B-4) is a mirror image of the top side pinout.
The
Prototyping Board provides the user with RCM2100 connection points brought out con-
veniently to labeled points at headers
J2 and J4 on the Prototyping Board. Small to medium
circuits can be prototyped using point-
to-point wiring with 20 to 30 AWG wire between the
prototyping area and the holes at locations J2 and J4. The holes are spaced at 0.1" (2.5 mm),
Table B-2. Prototyping Board Jumper Settings
Header JP2
Pins Description
1–2 PA0 to LED DS2
3–4 PA1 to LED DS3
5–6 PB2 to Switch S2
7–8 PB3 to Switch S3
S2
PB3
PB2
PA1
PA0
DS3
S3
DS2
Cut
JP1
Bottom Side
oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooocoooo o co 0000000000000 00 o 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
78 RabbitCore RCM2100
and 40-pin headers or sockets may be installed at J2 and J4. The pinouts for locations J1 and
J3, which correspond to J2 and J4, are shown in Figure B-5.
Figure B-5. RCM2100 Prototyping Board Pinout
(Top View)
A pair of small holes capable of holding 30 AWG wire appears below each hole pair at
locations J2 and J4 for convenience in point-to-point wiring when headers are installed.
The signals are those of the adjacent pairs of holes at J2 and J4. These small holes are also
provided for the components that may be installed to the right of the prototyping area.
There is an additional 2" × 3" of through-hole prototyping space available on the Prototyp-
ing Board. VCC and GND traces run along the edge of the Prototyping Board for easy
access. A GND pad is also provided at the lower right for alligator clips or probes.
Figure B-6. VCC and GND Traces Along Edge of Prototyping Board
GND
PA7
PA5
PA3
PA1
BA12
BA10
BA8
BA6
BA4
BA2
BA0
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
J3
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
BD7
BD5
BD3
BD1
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
VBAT
/WDO
SMODE0
/RES_IN
/BIOWR
/BBUFEN
VCC
J1
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
BD6
BD4
BD2
BD0
PE6
PE4
PE2
PE0
VCC
VRAM
SMODE1
/RES_OUT
STATUS
/BIORD
GND
VCC
PCLK
PA6
PA4
PA2
PA0
BA11
BA9
BA7
BA5
BA3
BA1
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PD0
PD2
PD4
PD6
GND
VCC
GND pad
GND trace
VCC trace
User’s Manual 79
B.4.1 Adding Other Components
There is room on the Prototyping Board for a user-supplied RS-232 transceiver chip at
location U2 and a 10-pin header for serial interfacing to external devices at location J6. A
Maxim MAX232 transceiver is recommended. When adding the MAX232 transceiver at
position U2, you must also add 100 nF charge storage capacitors at positions C3–C6 as
shown in Figure B-7.
Figure B-7. Location for User-Supplied RS-232 Transceiver
and Charge Storage Capacitors
There are two sets of pads that can be used for surface mount prototyping SOIC devices.
The silk screen layout separates the rows into six 16-pin devices (three on each side).
However, there are pads between the silk screen layouts giving the user two 52-pin (2×26)
SOIC layouts with 50 mil pin spacing. There are six sets of pads that can be used for 3- to
6-pin SOT23 packages. There are also 60 sets of pads that can be used for SMT resistors
and capacitors in an 0805 SMT package. Each component has every one of its pin pads
connected to a hole in which a 30 AWG wire can be soldered (standard wire wrap wire can
be soldered in for point-to-point wiring on the Prototyping Board). Because the traces are
very thin, carefully determine which set of holes is connected to which surface-mount pad.
MAX232
100 nF
storage
capacitors
80 RabbitCore RCM2100
93 3?
User’s Manual 81
APPENDIX C. POWER SUPPLY
Appendix C provides information on the current and power sup-
ply requirements of the RCM2100, and some background on the
chip select and battery-backup circuits used in power mange-
ment.
C.1 Power Supplies
The RCM2100 requires a regulated 5 V ± 0.25 V DC power source. The RCM2100 design
presumes that the voltage regulator is on the user board, and that the power is made avail-
able to the RCM2100 board through headers J1 and J2.
An RCM2100 with no loading at the outputs operating at 22.1 MHz typically draws
140 mA. The RCM2100 will consume 13 mA to 15 mA of additional current when the
programming cable is used to connect J5 to a PC.
C.1.1 Batteries and External Battery Connections
The RCM2100 does not have a battery, but there is provision for a customer-supplied bat-
tery to back up SRAM and keep the internal Rabbit 2000 real-time clock running.
Header J2, shown in Figure C-1, allows access to the external battery. This header makes
it possible to connect an external 3 V power supply. This allows the SRAM and the inter-
nal Rabbit 2000 real-time clock to retain data with the RCM2100 powered down.
Figure C-1. External Battery Connections
at Header J2
VCC
VRAM
26
29
27
28
GND
VBAT
External
Battery
VEATVEXT N Vcc
82 RabbitCore RCM2100
A lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 3 V and a minimum capacity of 165
mA·h
is
recommended. A lithium battery is strongly recommended because of its nearly constant
nominal voltage over most of its life.
The drain on the battery by the RCM2100
is typically 16 µA when no other power is sup-
plied. If a 950 mA·h battery is used, the battery can last more than 6 years:
The actual life in your application will depend on the current drawn by components not on
the RCM2100 and the storage capacity of the battery. Note that the shelf life of a lithium
battery is ultimately 10 years.
The battery-backup circuit serves three purposes:
•It reduces the battery voltage to the SRAM and to the real-time clock, thereby limiting
the current consumed by the real-time clock and lengthening the battery life.
•It ensures that current can flow only out of the battery to prevent charging the battery.
•A voltage, VOSC, is supplied to U7, which keeps the 32.768 kHz oscillator working
when the voltage begins to drop.
VRAM and Vcc are nearly equal (<100 mV, typically 10 mV) when power is supplied to
the RCM2100.
Figure C-2 shows the RCM2100 battery-backup circuit.
Figure C-2. RCM2100 Battery-Backup Circuit
950 mA·h
16 µA
------------------------ 6.8 years.=
R7
10 kW
VRAM
VBAT-EXT
External Battery
R42
22 kW
2 kW
R39
RT1
22 kW
mPVBT
Vcc
22 kW
R61
47 kW
U7
pin 5
R60
D8
D12
D11
Tthermistor
C25
1 nF
C9
1 nF
User’s Manual 83
VRAM is also available on pin 29 of header J2 to facilitate battery backup of the external
circuit. Note that the recommended maximum external current draw from VRAM is 100 µA,
and new battery-life calculations should be done to take external loading into account.
C.1.2 Power to VRAM Switch
The VRAM switch, shown in Figure C-3, allows a customer-supplied external battery to
provide power when the external power goes off. The switch provides an isolation
between Vcc and the battery when Vcc goes low. This prevents the Vcc line from draining
the battery.
Figure C-3. VRAM Switch
Transistor Q2 is needed to provide a very small voltage drop between Vcc and VRAM
(<100 mV, typically 10 mV) so that the processor lines powered by Vcc will not have a
significantly different voltage than VRAM.
When the RCM2100 is not resetting (pin 2 on U3 is high), the /RESET line will be high.
This turns on Q3, causing its collector to go low. This turns on Q2, allowing VRAM to
nearly equal Vcc.
When the RCM2100 is resetting, the /RESET line will go low. This turns off Q2 and Q3,
providing an isolation between Vcc and VRAM.
The battery-backup circuit keeps VRAM from dropping below 2 V.
C.1.3 Reset Generator
The RCM2100 uses a reset generator, U2, to reset the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor when
the voltage drops below the voltage necessary for reliable operation. The reset occurs
between 4.50 V and 4.75 V, typically 4.63 V. The RCM2100 has a reset output, pin 33 on
header J2. The reset generator has a reset input, pin 34 on header J2, that can be used to
force the RCM2100 to reset.
FDV302P
Q2
R15
R14
VRAM
VCC
Q3
MMBT3904
22 kW
/RESET
10 kW
84 RabbitCore RCM2100
C.2 Chip Select Circuit
The RCM2100 has provision for battery backup, which kicks in to keep VRAM from
dropping below 2 V.
The current drain on the battery in a battery-backed circuit must be kept to a minimum.
When the RCM2100 is not powered, the battery keeps the SRAM memory contents and the
real-time clock (RTC) going. The SRAM has a powerdown mode that greatly reduces power
consumption. This powerdown mode is activated by raising the chip select (CS) signal line.
Normally the SRAM requires Vcc to operate. However, only 2 V is required for data reten-
tion in powerdown mode. Thus, when power is removed from the circuit, the battery voltage
needs to be provided to both the SRAM power pin and to the CS signal line. The CS control
circuit accomplishes this task for the CS signal line.
Figure C-4 shows a schematic of the chip select circuit.
Figure C-4. Chip Select Circuit
In a powered-up condition, the CS control circuit must allow the processor’s chip select sig-
nal /CS1 to control the SRAM’s CS signal /CSRAM. So, with power applied, /CSRAM
must be the same signal as /CS1, and with power removed, /CSRAM must be held high (but
only needs to be as high as the battery voltage). Q4 and Q5 are MOSFET transistors with
opposing polarity. They are both turned on when power is applied to the circuit. They allow
the CS signal to pass from the processor to the SRAM so that the processor can periodically
access the SRAM. When power is removed from the circuit, the transistors will turn off and
isolate /CSRAM from the processor. The isolated /CSRAM line has a 100 kΩ pullup resistor
to VRAM (R16). This pullup resistor keeps /CSRAM at the VRAM voltage level (which
under no power condition is the backup battery’s regulated voltage at a little more than 2 V).
Transistors Q4 and Q5 are of opposite polarity so that a rail-to-rail voltages can be passed.
When the /CS1 voltage is low, Q4 will conduct. When the /CS1 voltage is high, Q5 will
conduct. It takes time for the transistors to turn on, creating a propagation delay. This
delay is typically very small, about 10 ns to 15 ns.
/CS1
/CSRAM
/RESET
Q4
Q5
R14
R16
VRAM
VRAM
10 kW
100 kW
U2
R17
100 kW
C23
1 nF
1
2
User’s Manual 85
APPENDIX D. SAMPLE CIRCUITS
This appendix details several basic sample circuits that can be
used with the RCM2100 modules.
• RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication
• Keypad and LCD Connections
• External Memory
• D/A Converter
3E 355 Rle >>< rzout="">< 5="" 5="" f="">
86 RabbitCore RCM2100
D.1 RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication
Figure D-1. Sample RS-232 and RS-485 Circuits
Sample Program: PUTS.C in SAMPLES\SERIAL.
VCC
100 nF
100 nF
1
3
4
5
100 nF
100 nF
R2OUT R2IN
R1OUT R1IN
T2OUT
T2IN
T1OUT
T1IN
11
10
12
9
14
7
13
8RXC
RXB
TXC
TXB
PC2
PC5
PC3
PC4
V+
V
2
6
C1+
C1
C2+
C2
J1
28
30
27
29
RS-232
RabbitCore
RCM2100
J1
3
2
1
4
6
7
A
B
D
R
DE
RE
PC0
PC1
PD0
25
26
33
47 kW
680 W
680 W
220 W
485+
485
VCC
RS-485
RabbitCore
RCM2100
SP483EN
User’s Manual 87
D.2 Keypad and LCD Connections
Figure D-2. Sample Keypad Connections
Sample Program: KEYLCD2.C in SAMPLES\RCM2100.
Figure D-3. Sample LCD Connections
Sample Program: KEYLCD2.C in SAMPLES\RCM2100.
PB2
PB0
PB3
PB4
PB5
PC1
VCC
10 kW
resistors
RabbitCore
RCM2100
Keypad
J2
J1
3
4
5
1
6
26
34
35
PD1
PD2
Row 0
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 1
Col 0
Col 1
NC
NC
7
8
9
10
PA2
PA1
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
VLC
20 kW
10 kW
4.7 kW
2.2 kW
1 kW
470 W
680 W
100 nF
3
6
4
5
11
12
13
14
2
2x20 LCD
/CS
C/D
/WR
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
D1
D2
D3
VLC
VCC
RabbitCore
RCM2100
J1 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
88 RabbitCore RCM2100
D.3 External Memory
The sample circuit can be used with an external 64K memory device. Larger SRAMs can
be written to using this scheme by using other available Rabbit 2000 ports (parallel ports
A to E) as address lines.
Figure D-4. Sample External Memory Connections
Sample Program: EXTSRAM2.C in SAMPLES\RCM2100.
RabbitCore
RCM2100
8K × 8
SRAM
D0D7
PE7
/IOR
/IOW
A0A12 BA0BA12
BD0BD7
/WE
/OE
/CE
10 kW
Vcc
User’s Manual 89
D.4 D/A Converter
The output will initially be 0 V to -10.05 V after the first inverting op-amp, and 0 V to
+10.05 V after the second inverting op-amp. All lows produce 0 V out, FF produces 10 V
out. The output can be scaled by changing the feedback resistors on the op-amps. For
example, changing 5.11 kΩ to 2.5 kΩ will produce an output from 0 V to -5 V. Op-amps
with a very low input offset voltage are recommended.
Figure D-5. Sample D/A Converter Connections
+
+
649 kW
324 kW
162 kW
80.6 kW
40.2 kW
20 kW
10 kW
5.11 kW
CT0CT7
PA0PA7
HC374
47 kW
47 kW
CLK E
+5 V +5 V
PE2PE3
1.19 kW
4.99 kW
10 kW
10 kW
5.11 kW
22 pF 22 pF
Vo
V+ > 12 V
V < 12 V
90 RabbitCore RCM2100
User’s Manual 91
INDEX
A
additional information ............ 5
B
backup-battery circuit ........... 81
external battery connec-
tions .............................. 81
battery life ............................. 82
battery-backup circuit
reset generator ................... 83
VRAM switch ................... 83
bus loading ............................ 64
C
clock doubler ........................ 35
conformal coating ................. 70
D
Development Kit ..................... 4
digital I/O .............................. 23
I/O buffer sourcing and sink-
ing limits ....................... 67
memory interface .............. 28
SMODE0 .................... 28, 31
SMODE1 .................... 28, 31
digital inputs ......................... 28
digital outputs ....................... 28
Dynamic C ........................ 4, 37
add-on modules ................. 42
standard features ............... 38
debugging ...................... 39
telephone-based technical
support .......................... 42
upgrades and patches ........42
USB port settings .............. 11
use ..................................... 38
E
EMI
spectrum spreader feature . 36
Ethernet cables ...................... 43
Ethernet connections ....... 43, 45
10Base-T ........................... 45
10Base-T Ethernet card .... 43
additional resources .......... 58
direct connection ............... 45
Ethernet cables .................. 45
Ethernet hub ...................... 43
IP addresses ................. 45, 47
steps ............................ 43, 44
Ethernet port ......................... 29
handling EMI and noise .... 30
pinout ................................ 29
exclusion zone ...................... 61
F
features .................................... 2
Prototyping Board . 72, 73, 74
flash memory ........................ 34
flash memory addresses
user blocks ........................ 34
H
hardware connections ............. 7
install RCM2100 on Prototyp-
ing Board ........................ 8
power supply ..................... 10
programming cable ............. 9
hardware reset ....................... 10
I
I/O buffer sourcing and sinking
limits ............................. 67
IP addresses .......................... 47
how to set in sample programs
....................................... 52
how to set PC IP address ... 53
J
jumper configurations ..... 68, 69
JP1 (flash memory size) .... 69
JP2 (flash memory size) .... 69
JP3 (SRAM size) .............. 69
JP4 (flash memory bank
select) ...................... 34, 69
jumper locations ................ 68
M
MAC addresses ..................... 48
manuals ................................... 5
memory ................................. 34
flash memory .................... 34
SRAM ............................... 34
memory size
BIOS source files .............. 34
models ..................................... 2
O
online documentation ............. 5
P
PCLK output ......................... 40
physical mounting ................. 63
pin configurations ................. 25
pinout
Ethernet port ..................... 29
RCM2100 ......................... 24
power supplies ...................... 81
chip select circuit .............. 84
power supply
connections ....................... 10
Program Mode ...................... 32
switching modes ............... 32
programming cable
PROG connector ............... 32
RCM2100 connections ....... 9
programming port ................. 30
92 RabbitCore RCM2100
Prototyping Board .................72
features ..................72, 73, 74
mounting RCM2100 ............8
R
Rabbit subsystems .................23
RCM2100
mounting on Prototyping
Board ...............................8
reset .......................................10
Run Mode ..............................32
switching modes ................32
S
sample circuits .......................85
serial communication ........86
sample programs
getting to know the RCM2100
EXTSRAM.C ................14
FLASHLED.C .........14, 19
FLASHLED2.C .............14
FLASHLEDS.C .......15, 20
FLASHLEDS2.C ...........15
KEYLCD2.C .................15
LCD_DEMO.C ..............16
SWTEST.C ....................16
TOGGLELED.C ......16, 21
how to run TCP/IP sample
programs .................51, 52
how to set IP address .........52
PONG.C ............................11
RCM2100 ..........................13
serial communication
CORE_FLOWCONTROL.C
.....................................17
CORE_PARITY.C ........17
MASTER2.C .................18
SLAVE2.C ....................18
TCP/IP
DISPLAY_MAC.C .......48
ETHCORE1.C ...............56
ETHCORE2.C ...............57
LEDCONSOLE.C .........57
PINGLED.C ..................54
PINGME.C ....................54
TCPIP ................................13
serial communication ............29
serial ports .......................24, 29
Ethernet port ......................29
programming port ..............30
software
I/O drivers .........................40
libraries
PACKET.LIB ................41
RS232.LIB .....................41
TCP/IP ...........................41
PCLK output .....................40
serial communication driv-
ers ..................................41
TCP/IP drivers ...................41
specifications .........................59
bus loading ........................64
digital I/O buffer sourcing and
sinking limits .................67
dimensions .........................60
electrical, mechanical, and
environmental ...............62
exclusion zone ...................61
header footprint .................63
headers ...............................63
physical mounting .............63
Rabbit 2000 DC characteris-
tics .................................66
Rabbit 2000 timing dia-
gram ..............................65
relative pin 1 locations ......63
spectrum spreader .................36
switching modes ....................32
T
TCP/IP primer .......................45
technical support ...................12
troubleshooting ......................11
U
USB/serial port converter ........9
Dynamic C settings ...........11
user block
function calls
readUserBlock ...............34
writeUserBlock ..............34
Getting Started 93
SCHEMATICS
090-0114 RCM2100 Schematic
www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0114.pdf
090-0116 RCM2100 Prototyping Board Schematic
www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0116.pdf
090-0128 Programming Cable Schematic
www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0128.pdf
You may use the URL information provided above to access the latest schematics directly.

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